• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

Initial public offering (IPO) has been well known to be underpriced initially and under-performed in the long run. However, whether an IPO is underpriced or not strongly depends on how to measure the fair value. This paper hand collects data of IPOs newly listed in Korea market when whether IPO is overpriced or not is clearly distinguishable. The overpriced IPO refers to as the one the underwriters buy back after the listing. With the data, the paper examines that IPOs are overpriced and that the characteristics are related to the underpricing at the aftermarket dates and the performance in the long run. The data of clearly overpriced IPOs are little available from other IPO markets like US IPO market. From the data of IPOs listed under the underwriting rule of market stabilization, the results obtainable are the followings. First of all, the average initial return 70% of the underpriced IPO at the aftermarket dates is greater than the one 40% of the overpriced one. The overpriced IPOs are priced highly over the mid prices of the price bands at the pricing dates and then supported by relatively higher subscription rates of individual investors. The probit analyses moreover report that individual investors do not distinguish the overpricing of IPOs from the underpricing. These imply that the overpricing is strongly affected by the underwriting rule on the initial pricing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.23 no.57
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

This paper investigates the relation between operating performance and initial underpricing of companies that go public. A significant decline in operating performance subsequent to the initial public offering(IPO) is found. Additionally there is a significant positive relation between post-IPO operating performance and the level of initial underpricing.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.273-289
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• 2023

In this paper, we develop a new time series model for predicting IPO (initial public offering) data with non-negative integer value. The proposed model is based on integer-valued autoregressive (INAR) model with a Poisson thinning operator. Just as the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model with daily, weekly and monthly averages in a form of cascade, the integer-valued heterogeneous autoregressive (INHAR) model is considered to reflect efficiently the long memory. The parameters of the INHAR model are estimated using the conditional least squares estimate and Yule-Walker estimate. Through simulations, bias and standard error are calculated to compare the performance of the estimates. Effects of model fitting to the Korea's IPO are evaluated using performance measures such as mean square error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) etc. The results show that INHAR model provides better performance than traditional INAR model. The empirical analysis of the Korea's IPO indicates that our proposed model is efficient in forecasting monthly IPO volumes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2021

Purpose - This study aimed to examine the behavior surrounding the Initial Public Offering (IPO) event of firms within the same conglomerate and the impact of under-pricing and Return on Equity(ROE) on a firm's abnormal stock returns. Design/methodology - This study collected data from 166 South Korean Chaebols, consisting of 355 firms distributed as 202 listed on Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) and 153 firms listed on Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (KOSDAQ) from 2000 to 2020. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the multiple regression analysis were hired to analyze the data. Findings - First, we found an adverse price reaction of IPO listing in the same chaebol group, and firms with higher under-pricing affect other firms' stock prices more adversely within the conglomerate. Next, we explored a negatively significant relation between ROE and the chaebol firms' stock returns during IPO events. Research implications - The novelty of this study is there are not many empirical studies on the impact of IPO within a conglomerate. So, the findings of this study contribute to the literature for analyzing stock's abnormal returns within a conglomerate.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-52
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• 2016

This paper examines the effect of unique underwriter lockup on the initial returns of an initial public offering (IPO) in the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotation (KOSDAQ). Underwriter lockup induces underwriters to underprice IPOs and stabilize aftermarket prices. The inducement is explored with respects to the mixtures of distributions of the initial returns consistent with underpricing and stabilization. Whether the inducement is meaningful when other factors are controlled is also explored. These explorations provide evidence that underwriter lockup leads to more positive average initial returns in the three aftermarket months.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.819-831
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• 2017

기업공개(Initial Public Offering, IPO)는 기업의 중요한 전략 중 하나로 IPO를 통해 가치를 평가받고 보상받으며 다음 단계로의 성장을 위한 자본을 조달할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 CEO의 개인적 특성이 IPO까지의 소요기간에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. CEO의 나이, 관련 전공 여부, 최종학력, 이전 업무경험이 IPO까지의 소요기간을 단축할 것이라고 가설을 제시하였다. 코스닥 벤처기업부, 신성장기업부에 상장한 318개 기업을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 기업 공개까지의 소요기간에는 CEO의 나이, 전공(의학계열), 최종 학력 등이 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.317-328
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• 2021

This study aims to determine the factors that affect dividends initiation by initial public offering firms in Malaysia. The ownership structure is examined from a corporate governance theoretical perspective in order to evaluate the impacts of managerial, institutional, and family ownership on the dividend's initiation decision of IPO firms. This study employs a quantitative pooled cross-section of 372 Malaysian IPO companies active during the period of 2002-2013. The number of firms that went public each year varies, thus the pooled cross-section data takes place in this case rather than the panel data. The logistic model was employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results revealed that the presence of institutional investors in the ownership structure make it more likely for IPO firms to initiate dividends. On the contrary, the presence of a family ownership structure in IPO companies as the controlling shareholder makes these companies less probable to initiate dividends. Managerial ownership was found to have no effect on the decision of initiating dividends by IPO firms. The findings of this study suggest that the existence of institutional and family ownerships are agency cost mitigators, as these ownership types could prompt IPOs firms to initiate dividends to overcome the agency conflicts.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-114
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of privatization of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on their initial returns and long-term performance after initial public offering(IPO). Design/methodology/approach - This study used 1,599 Chinese IPO firms, some of which were SOEs. The multivariate regression analyses were implemented to analyze their effects. Findings - First, the privatization of SOEs does not have any statistically significant effect on the initial return of IPO firms. Second, the shareholdings of government prior to IPOs for both privatizing of SOEs and non-privatizing firms and for both exchanges of Shanghai and Shenzhen have a statistically significant positive effect on the initial return of IPO firms. Third, the privatization of SOEs has statistically significant negative effect on the long-term returns of IPO firms. Fourth, the state-shareholdings prior to IPOs have statistically significant negative effects on the long-term return of IPO firms. Fifth, the state-shareholdings of the privatizing SOEs prior to IPOs have statistically significant positive effects on the long-term return of IPO firms. Research implications or Originality - The results imply that the higher shareholdings and ownership of the Chinese government on SOEs reduce the information asymmetry for the investors of IPO shares or maybe due to inefficiency of SOEs prior to IPOs lead to lower offer prices or higher opening prices leading to severe underpricing and relatively lower stock market returns in the long-run both for the privatizing firms and for the higher state-shareholding firms, while both factors interactively improve their long-term stock market returns.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.31-45
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• 1991

일반적으로 신규공모주식(新規公募株式)(initial public offering : 이하 IPO라 약칭함)은 실제가치보다 저가발행(低價發行)되는데 이것은 투자은행(投資銀行)의 명성(名聲)과 어떤 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 본 논문에서는 1988년부터 1989년 사이에 우리나라의 기업공개에 있어서 IPO의 가격형성(價格形成)에 주간사회사(主幹事會社)의 명성(名聲)이 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 실증분석을 통하여 검토하였다. 실증분석의 결과에서는 IPO의 저평가율(低評價率), 위험도(危險度), 공모규모(公募規模)면에서 주간사회사의 명성에 따른 차이를 밝힐 수 없었다. 그러나 이름 있는 주간사회사는 보다 일관되게 IPO를 저가발행하며, 상장후의 주가수준도 더 높게 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 주간사회사의 공모주 매출능력이나 인수기능보다는 상장후 일정기간 동안 주간사회사의 주가 관리 능력을 더 중요시하게 하는 제도상의 특징에 기인될 것이므로 주간사회사(主幹事會社)의 명성(名聲)이 나름대로 IPO의 가격형성에 중요한 역할을 한다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2022

This study examines the impacts of a mandatory lockup ratio and lockup period, together with voluntary lockup, on the initial public offering (IPO) subscription rate in Malaysia. A sample of 390 IPOs launched from 2000 to 2016 was collected for analysis. The findings show that firms that adopt a lower lockup ratio and a shorter lockup period signal uncertainty about their prospects. Issuers would then show the tendency to underprice to increase investors' intention to subscribe to firms' IPO shares. This study concludes that as long as investors are aware of pertinent information about IPO firms, they should continue participating in the IPO market rather than behaving irrationally. Finally, policymakers could use the findings to improve the existing lockup provisions regulation.