• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 2012

Recently, new climate change mechanism after 2020 year has been accepted with the parties, and so government is pushing ahead the GHG reduction policies to achieve the effective results. Especially, it is essential to enhance the role of railroad in the public traffic system as well as to develop new cars with high energy efficiency for the GHG reduction of transportation sector. Thus, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad should be established to manage the emission continuously. In this study, the calculation method of GHG emission of railroad was defined with Tier level considering its emission sources to refer to 2006 IPCC guideline for national GHG inventories. Also, the GHG emission of railroad at Tier 1 level was investigated using the activity data related to the amount of diesel and electricity consumption from 2008 to 2010. As a result, total GHG emission in 2010 was about 2,060 thousands ton CO2e, which have 73% of electricity and 27% of diesel. In future, the plans on the GHG reduction of railroad will be accomplished by the analysis of the detailed trends on the basis of the emission management of Tier 3 level under operating patterns. Therefore, it is important to develop the specific GHG emission factors of railroad in advance.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.423-434
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop for the emission factor of greenhouse gas (GHG) from medium and smallscaled incineration facility using RPF which is considering as a part of renewable energy in UNFCC. The actual concentration of the exhaust gas and the fuel composition of RPF were measured for the calculation of GHG emission factor in RPF incinerators, and were compared with the IPCC guideline. The $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emission factors by the actual concentration of exhaust gas were $2.3575{\pm}1.0070tCO_2/tRPF$ and $0.0014{\pm}0.0014tN_2O/tRPF$ respectively. Also, $CO_2$ emission factor by the RPF composition was $2.7057{\pm}0.0540tCO_2/tRPF$. The GHG emission factor per energy by the actual concentration was $83.0867{\pm}26.0346tCO_2e/TJ$ which showed higher consistency with the GHG emission factor ($80.3967tCO_2e/TJ$) of waste plastic in the IPCC guideline (2006b). The $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emission factor calculated in this study is considered as a meaningful data for GHG emission factor of RPF incineration facility because of not being developed in ROK.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.570-574
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• 2013

This study was conducted to assess $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils of Korea under the 1996 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methodology. $N_2O$ emissions in agricultural soils were calculated the sum of direct emission and indirect emission by the N sources and emissions by field burning of crop residues. $N_2O$ emission was highest in animal manure as 1,547 $CO_2$-eq Gg. Indirect emissions by atmospheric deposition and leaching and runoff were 1,463 and 1,753 $CO_2$-eq Gg, respectively. $N_2O$ emission by field burning of crop residues was highest in pepper due to the residue/crop ratio and field burning ratio.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2D
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• pp.167-174
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• 2012

Recently, the effort to reduce $CO_2$ emission concerning certified emission reductions (CERs) is progressing lively with the institute in the center through lifecycle. However, the technique for reduce $CO_2$ emission is the first stage yet and the technique is insufficient to calculate with accuracy it. Therefore, this study tries to develop the method to measure by actual time $CO_2$ emission of construction equipment using Zigbee sensor. To review the method that calculate $CO_2$ emission, have classified the impact factors that affect at $CO_2$ emission by IPCC guideline. It also has review the application of Zigbee sensor that use wireless data communication. The reviewed result get that the measuring objects are the $CO_2$ emssion, RPM and fuel consumption of equipment, there are needs to search the year of equipment, waiting time, kind of vehicle and fuel that affect to $CO_2$ emission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.565-572
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• 2009

Greenhouse gas(GHG) inventories and basic strategies for Jeonbuk regional government were established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The method to construct GHG inventories of Jeonbuk followed the 'Revised IPCC 1996 Guidelines'which was used for the 'Third National Communication of the Republic of Korea under UNFCCC'. Korean government could use primary energy consumption for the energy industries section in the national GHG inventories. However, regional governments should use secondary energy consumption (included electricity consumption) for the energy industries section for their GHG inventories because they could not control the emission of energy transformation section. In the result of Jeonbuk GHG inventories in 2006, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) emissions from fuel combustion covered 87.1% of total emissions. Methane($CH_4$), carbon dioxide($CO_2$) from other sections, nitrous oxide($N_2O$) and F-gas(HFCs, PFCs, $SF_6$) accounted for 8.1, 2.2, 1.6 and 1.0% of total emissions, respectively. The sectional emission decreased in the order of the energy(88.0%), agriculture(7.6%), waste(2.3%) and industrial processes(2.1%) section. The energy industries section that contained electricity consumption was the most dominant emission source in the energy section. F-gas consumption, rice cultivation and waste incineration were main emission sources in the industrial processes, agriculture and waste section, respectively. In this study, basic directions of each section were established by the results of Jeonbuk GHG inventories in 2006.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to calculate process emission of GHGs(greenhouse gases) in nonferrous-metal industry, such as Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni. In addition, variation and emission of GHGs generated from these company were defined. And then, GHGs algorithm and calculation formular which were considered as production process in each part of nonferrous-metal industry were developed to develop calculation program of GHGs emission. These algorithm and calculation formular would present fundamental direction about other nonferrous-metal industry in the future.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2258-2261
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• 2010

Since national mid-term target for GHG reduction was determined in 2009, various efforts in transportations have been prepared. Generally, the GHG emission of transportation is calculated using the emission factor published from IPCC guideline(2006). However, it is necessary to develop new emission factors considering the properties of transportation as well as fuel. In Korean railroad, main emission sources are the consumption of diesel and electricity from railcar operation. The GHG emission of electric-powered railcars can be estimated using national electric emission factor, but diesel-powered railcars show different trends. The purpose of this study was to establish the development plans of emission factors for diesel-powered railcars. As a result, the emission factors of diesel-powered railcars were classified into railcar type, engine type and life cycle, notch, load, and traffic volume. In future, several emission factors with this category will be presented quantitatively through field tests with the order of priority.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.828-830
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• 2009

In Korea, various efforts to cope with the Post-Kyoto system have been recently performed because a duty for the GHG(Greenhouse Gas) reduction may be allocated from 2013. Especially, the role of railroad has been strengthened to decrease total GHG emission of transportation system. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the GHG emission and the reduction strategies of railroad. The purpose of this study was to develop the calculation method of GHG emission released from railroad. Main source of GHG emission was the energy consumption of railroad vehicle and infrastructure. Based on the emission factor and the equation reported in IPCC 2006 guideline, the total GHG emission of railroad was about 1.4 million tons CO2e in 2007. Using this calculation method, the GHG data of railroad can be calculated quantitatively and managed systematically in the future.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2010

In this Paper, optimal capacity of energy storage and amount of $CO_2$ reduction in Jeju is calculated. Based on electricity demand data of Je-Ju from 2006 to 2007, the estimation electricity demand from 2009 to 2018 is performed. To calculate the amount of maximum $CO_2$ reduction and energy storage capacity in Jeju, the 4th power supply planning and IPCC guideline are used. Finally, Optimal capacity of energy storage and the amount of $CO_2$ reduction are showed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2014

In general, the rail transportation recognized as a better transportation mode than road transportation in terms of the environment. However, due to a lack of quantitative analysis based on Korean data, foreign cases for environmental advantages of the railway have often been cited in Korea. To address this issue, we estimated the energy consumption of passenger and freight transportation using certified activity data from Korea Railroad Statistics and the Electrical Work Report for railway and the Energy Consumption Survey for road. We estimated the Green House Gas emission of passenger and freight transportation on a Tier 1 level by applying the IPCC 2006 Guideline. Finally, we calculated the energy consumption unit and GHG emission unit to determine the environmental impact of rail and road transportation. We also compared the analyzed results of high-speed rail and auto as typical means of rail and road transportation.