• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-31
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• 1962

Paper electrophoresis of aluminium ion was studied using a closed horizontal type apparatus. The optimal conditions of voltage, pH of electrolytic supporting solution and migration time were determined for the electrophoretic migration of the ion on the paper strip saturated by Michaelis buffer solution. The mobility of the ion and the isoelectric point of $Al(NO_3)_3$ solution were $(1.004{\pm}0.0020){\times}10^{-4}\;cm^2\;sec^{-1}\;volt^{-1}$ at pH = 2.38 and pH = 3.23 respectively.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 1987

Fracture toughness characterization in the transition region is examined for heat-treated and ionnitrided Ni-Cr-Mo steel. After heat treatment for the specimens of Ni-Cr-Mo steel, organizations of specimens-specimens which are heat-treated and ion-nitrided for 4 hours at 500 .deg. C and 5 torr in 25%N/dub 2/-75%H/sub 2/mixed gas-, hardness variety, and X-ray diffraction pattern of the ion-nitriding compound layer are observed. Fracture toughenss test of unloading compliance method were conducted over the regions from room trmperature to -70.deg. C. The compound layer was consisted of r'=Fe/sub 4/N phase and ion-nitrided layer's depth was 200mm from surface. The transition regions of heat-treated and ion-nitrided specimens were about -30.deg. C and -50.deg. C, respectively. The transition region of ion-nitrided specimens is estimated less than that of heat-treated one, and this is the effect of ion-nitriding.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

In order to estimate the chloride ion penetration, the model, which considers diffusion and sorption, is proposed on the basis of Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM program provides the estimation of chloride concentration according to cyclic humidity and sorption. After the humidity diffusion analysis is carried out, the chloride ion diffusion and sorption analysis are conducted on the basis of the preestimated humidity data in each element. Each element has different analysis variables at different ages and locations. At early ages and constant outer humidity, the difference between inner and outer relative humidity causes the chloride ion penetration by sorption. As the humidity diffusion reduces the difference with age, the effect of sorption on the chloride ion penetration decreases. By the way, the cyclic humidity increases the effect of sorption on the chloride ion penetration at early ages, and the quantity of chloride ion around steel at later ages. Therefore, the in-situ analysis of chloride ion penetration for marine concrete structures must be performed considering the cyclic humidity condition and the long term sorption.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2002

The hydroxyapatite(HAp) for the present study was prepared with the wastewater sludge from semiconductor fabrication process and it was crystallized in an electric furnace for 30 min at 90$0^{\circ}C$. The adsorption characteristics of HAp for phosphate ion in aqueous solution has been investigated. The adsorbed ratio of phosphate ion for HAp were investigated according to the reaction time, amount of HAp, concentration of standard solution, pH of solution, and influence of concomitant ions. The amount of adsorbed phosphate ion decreased with the increase of pH due to the mutual electrostatic repulsion between adsorbed phosphate ions and competitive adsorption between phosphate ion and OH- ion in aqueous solution. The maxium amount of the adsorption equilibrium for phosphate ion was about 24 mg/g of HAp. The HAp would likely to be a possible adsorbent for the removal of phosphate ion in the waste water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.581-584
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• 2005

Ion beam processing is one of the key technologies to realize mastless and resistless sub 50nm nano fabrication. Unwanted effects, however, may occur since an energetic ion can interact with a target surface in various ways. Depending on the ion energy, the interaction can be swelling, deposition, sputtering, re-deposition, implantation, damage, backscattering and nuclear reaction. Sputtering is the fundamental mechanisms in ion beam induced direct patterning. Re-deposition and backscattering are unwanted mechanisms to avoid. Therefore understanding of ion beam-solid interaction should be advanced for further ion beam related research. In this paper we simulate some important interaction mechanisms between energetic incident ions and solid surfaces and the results are compared with experimental data. The simulation results are agreed well with experimental data.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.218-225
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• 1982

The effects of ferrous ion on the properties of bright nickel electrodeposit were exa-mined. Iron exists as ferrous ion (Fe+2) and ferric ion (Fe+3) in the bath, a portion of the former tend to be oxidized to the somewhat harmful ferric ion. Iron was added to bath as the ferrous sulfate, ferrous ion prevented from the oxidation with citric acid. It was found that the hardness was increased as the concentration of ferrous ion, the ductility was slightly increased too. The appearance can obtain the wide bright deposits within 4g/$\ell$. The corrosion resistance drastically dropped from 5g/$\ell$ In the case of considering the effect of ferrous ion on the corrosion resistance and the appearance, the allowable limits is 4g/$\ell$, if the reductant is used.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.221-224
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• 2013

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of $Mn^{2+}$ impurity ion in Stoichiometric $LiNbO_3$ single crystal (SLN) was investigated with an X-band EPR spectrometer in the temperature range of 3 K~296 K. The intensity of EPR spectrum of $Mn^{2+}$ ion was increased to 20 K and decreased again below 20 K as the temperature decreases. The zero-field splitting parameter D decreased as the temperature increases. It was suggested that $Mn^{2+}$ ion substitute for $Nb^{5+}$ ion instead of $Li^+$ ion. No changes for hyperfine interaction of $Mn^{2+}$ ion was obtained in the temperature range of 3 K~296 K.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.51
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• pp.19.1-19.7
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• 2021

The main purpose of this paper is the preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples from the microsized powders of lithium-ion secondary batteries. To avoid artefacts during TEM sample preparation, the use of ion slicer milling for thinning and maintaining the intrinsic structure is described. Argon-ion milling techniques have been widely examined to make optimal specimens, thereby making TEM analysis more reliable. In the past few years, the correction of spherical aberration (Cs) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been developing rapidly, which results in direct observation at an atomic level resolution not only at a high acceleration voltage but also at a deaccelerated voltage. In particular, low-kV application has markedly increased, which requires a sufficiently transparent specimen without structural distortion during the sample preparation process. In this study, sample preparation for high-resolution STEM observation is accomplished, and investigations on the crystal integrity are carried out by Cs-corrected STEM.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.316-323
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• 2015

In this study, we analyzed radiation dose and MTF with setting of Ion chamber and changing kVp so that we are able to suggest acquiring optimized diagnostic images and minimizing patient dose. we assumed right lateral decubitus position among chest decubitus projection and set 7 combination of Ion chamber. By changing kVp(100, 110, 120, 130kVp), we exposed x-ray five times respectively and calculated average value after measuring entrance dose. we input the entrance dose value to PCXMC Monte carlo simulation tool and calculated organ dose and effective dose. Then we did physical image evaluation with MTF for the purpose to compare image quality. As a result, the high kVp, entrance dose is reduced. As change of ion chamber, when selecting second ion chamber, both organ dose and effective dose were the lowest. In contrast, selecting first ion chamber was the highest. MTF is superior to set second Ion chamber and using 120 kVp. Consequently, when taking chest right lateral decubitus using Digital radiography, the optimized combination which have both reducing dose efficiently without declining image quality and aquring good qualified image is set 120 kVp and selecting second Ion chamber.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.67-82
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• 1999

The effects of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs on glutamte receptor, and the regulatory mechanism of cAMP-protein kinase on the ion currents activated by Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs using nystatin-perforated patch clamp were investigated and the following results were obtained. Ginseng radix and Astragali radix, Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae herba, and Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma were chosen as Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs respectively. 1. The ion currents activated by $10^{-5}M$ of glycine were used as controls. The magnitudes of the ion currents by the above named herbs were as follows; Cervi cornu>Astragali radix>Aconiti tuber>Zingiberis rhizoma>Ginseng radix>Boshniakiae herba. 2. The magnitudes of the ion currents by $10^{-5}M$ of glutamate pre-treated with 0.01 mg/ml of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs were sharply decreased. 3. The activity of ion channels activated by Bogi herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase, for thirty seconds was observed as the experiment proceeded. Staurosporin brought about dephosphorylation of ion channels. Hence, while the activity of ion channels activated by Ginseng radix was decreased, the activity of ion channels activated by Astragali radix was increased, as time went by. 4. The activity of ion channels activated by Boyang herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Cervi cornu was increased, the activity of ion channels activated by Boshniakiae herba was initially increased then sharply decreased. 5, The activity of ion channels activated by Onri herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Aconiti tuber was increased, that of ion channels activated by Zingiberis rhizomal sharply declined.