• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.18-22
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• 1974

Counts of herb stems were made with each systematic grid sized 10cm by 1300cm within six apparently homogeneous herb layers under the open young Japanese red pine, Pinus densiflora, stands. The stands had often been subjected to strong human interferences such as burning, cutting, grazing, and denuding since human settlement until the conservation scheme practiced in these stands for last decade. In addition, amounts of loss of ignition and field capacity were determined to detect soil heterogeneity among and within the stands. The values of information measure of diversity(H), and Hurlbert's probability of interspecfic encounter(Δ), obtained here do not show any consistent correlation. The amount of interspecific competetion(Δ1), the ratio of interspecific to intraspecific competetion(Δ4), Levin's niche breadth(Sh), and species evenness(V), increase, while the amount of intraspecific competetion decrease, as the soil factors become favorable. One stand examined does not follow the above trends, which is more young and shows strong within site heterogeneity of the soil factors. The stand includes pioneer species which is not detectable without detailed observation. It is argued that in stable or favorable environment more intense interspecific competetion and less intraspecific competetion might occur, but this situation does not necessarily always bring smaller niche breadth. In this connection, the results support Hurlbert's contention that the two components of diversity should be analyzed separately.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

Kadainou R-1, an interspecific hybrid grape derived from red (Vitis ficifolia var. ganebu) and white (V. vinifera cv. Muscat of Alexandria) grapes, accumulates high concentrations of anthocyanin in the berry skin. Hence, the expression of uridine 50 -diphosphate (UDP)-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), the key enzyme of the anthocyanin pathway, was examined in the berry skin of Kadainou R-1. As information on gene sequences of V. ficifolia var. ganebu and other wild grape species was unavailable, we performed GeneChip hybridization using biotin-labeled genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to investigate how the genomic sequences of V. vinifera varieties and that of V. ficifolia var. ganebu differ. The study showed a lower correlation coefficient between V. vinifera cultivars and V. ficifolia var. ganebu than that among V. vinifera cultivars. The sequences of the UFGT gene derived from both parents of the red and white cultivars were sequenced in Kadainou R1 and revealed that both were expressed irrespective of the fact that it was not expressed in the white grape (male parent).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2023

Twenty-five Eucalyptus clones (14 E. camaldulensis - EC and 11 interspecific eucalypt hybrid clones - EH) grown in three contrasting sites were evaluated for the growth and few wood traits at 4 years of age. The stability, genotype-site interaction and suitability of these clones for pulp and solid wood industry sectors were studied. Growth of eucalypt clones was significantly higher at site 1 with higher rainfall, but wood density did not differ significantly from lower rainfall sites. Kraft pulp yield (KPY) decreased from sites 1 to 3 based on moisture availability, but not between two groups of clones. Volumetric shrinkage (VS) was significantly higher in EC clones at site 3 with lowest rainfall, but there was no specific trend at other two sites with maximum (site 1) and intermediate (site 2) rainfall. The mechanical traits modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were at par in sites 1 and 2, but significantly lower at the driest site 3. The growth rate had a significant positive correlation with KPY, MOR and MOE and a negative correlation with VS, but no significant impact on wood density in both groups of clones. Genotype×environment interaction (G×E) was evident in most traits due to the difference in response of clones to moisture availability. Since wood density was negatively correlated to KPY, it has to be kept at an optimum level for the profitability of pulp industry. There was no significant difference between EC and EH clones for most traits except VS at site 3. Stability of clones varied across sites in different traits, and hence clones may be selected for deployment at each site by screening for growth, followed by wood density, considering the relationship of growth and density with other traits required by pulp and solid wood industry sectors.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1986

A study was made on the change of vegetation in Yungil area after the erosion control works. The area was divided into three major areas, the devastated land area, the afforested area and the subclimax area. Two groups of plant, i.e., the common species in all area and the different species confined in the subclimax area, were identified by the interspecific correlation analysis based on the positive correlation value at 5% significance level. High similarity among the sites in the afforested region was indicated by the DIF (difference measure) value, lower than 0.33. However, the devastated area and the subclimax area were distinguished completely. The change in species diversity has been extremely low since the erosion control works. Robinia pseudo-acacia was the dominant species in the afforested region and showed an adequate growth status.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.649-663
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• 1998

The clarify the ecological properties, and to predict change of understory vegetation of mt. Nam Park, population dynamics and interspecific competition of D. smilacinum and D. viridescens, which grow in understory of deciduous broad-leaved forest and pseudo-annuals, were studied from May 20 to May 30 1998. The depth of litter layer, soil moisture content, soil organic matter and soil texture were surveyed in 18 populations (15 D. smilacinum populations and 3 D. viridescens populations). Mean litter layer of d. smilacimum population was thinner than that of D. viridescens populations). Mean litter layer of D. smilacnum population was thinner than that of D. viridescens population. The contents of soil moisture and organic matter of D. smilacinum population were lower than that of D. viridescens population. The D. smilacinum growed in broad range of soil texture but D. viridescens in loamy soil. Because D. smilacinum could tolerate more broad range of soil moisture and soil texture than D. viridescens, the former covered the herb layer in earlier stage and the latter introduced in later stage when rhizome could grow easily. The numbers of individual in two marginal parts were smaller than that in center in same D. smilacinum patch. And the total numbers of individuals grown in (10 ${\times}$ 10)cm were from 0 to 12. The rhizome (subterranean runner) weight, rhizome length, root weight, shoot weight, lea weight and leaf number per subquadrat (cell) increased along the number of individual, that is, increased from marginal part to center. But rhizome weight and rhizome length per individual were vice versa. Therefore, the individuals in marginal part reproduced longer and stronger asexual propagules than that in center. The distribution pattern of D. smilacinum was contageous and that of D. viridescens was random or regular. Therefore, population growth of former was independent on density and that of latter was dependent on density. The distributions of size-class showed normal curves in two population, but the curves based on data of total dry weight showed positive skewness and those of leaf number showed negative skewness The correlation coefficient (CC) values between the properties of each organ were high in two population and significant at 0.1% level. The CC values of D. viridescens were higher of the two. Therefore, the former allocated the energy to each organ stable. The rhizome depth of d. viridescens was 2 times deeper than that of D. smilacinum. And rhizome length and weight of D. viridescens were longer (2 times) or heavier (4 times) than those of D. smilacinum. The patch size of D. viridescens increased 60 cm per year and that of D. smilacinum 30 cm. On this results, the intrinsic increase velocity of d. viridescens patch was 2 times faster than that of d. smilacinum, therefore, on the competition, the former had an advantage over D. smilacinum. The reason why d. viridescens defeated D. smilacinum resulted from that the leaf area of former was 4 times broader than that of latter. in Mt. Nam Park, it was thought that two disporum Population would change with the 3 thpes of environmental change as followings. First, no human impact and increase of soil moisture content resulted in increase of D. viridescens population. Second, mild human impact and similar condition of soil moisture content resulted in slow increase or no changes of D. smilacinum and d. viridescens population. Third, severe human impact and dry condition resulted in decrease or vanishment of two disporum populations.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 1985

The structure of natural vegetation and soil condition in bog area of Woopo, Changnyeung, South Korea were observed. The vegetations in the investigated area could be classified into two groups; a typical bog vegetation with dominant species of Eleocharis mamillats, Acorus calamus and Persicaria hostatosagittata and the transitional vegetation of three neighboring areas. Interspecific correlation in the investigated area was very close. In the typical bog vegetatiion regions (region II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII and X) soil pH, field moisture capacity, available P content and exchangeable K were moderate. But, In the transitiional area I, with the highest humus content, field moisture capacity and exchangeable K Salix gracilistyla was dominant. In the region IV with the lowest humus and a ailable P content and with high soil pH Geophyta was a major component species. Also Acorus region IX with the lowest content of exchangeable K Therophyta was dominant and plant species was diverse due to weak water influence. The vegetation structure of the region IX was most different from that of the whole vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.149-153
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• 1970

The present study deals with dynamical relationships between variations of common mackerel and horse mackerel catches in the waters adjacent to Korea for the years 1926 to 1969. The materials used here were obtained from Fishery Statistics published by the Bureau of Fisheries and the Fisheries Research and Development Agency of Korea, Secular variations of common mackerel and horse mackerel catches were classified intc five stages from A to E as shown in Fig. 2. As to variations of catch, the two species have alternating cycle trends occurring every ten years. With regard to the long period trend of catch, there is no correlation between annual variations of the species caught. Dynamical relationships between the two species showed a somewhat different pattern of catch as they transferred from one stage to another of the secular variations.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 1987

The correlation between tintinnid and dinoflagellate by means of seasonal variation of standing crops was investigated at two selected stations in Masan Bay, well-known as a red tide zone in southern coastal waters of Korea, during the period from January 1981 to December 1982. The most dominant dinoflagellates mainly belonged to $20-60\;{\mu}m$ of size class, and Gymnodinium and Prorocentrum were predominant from spring to summer season. Of tintinnid, Favella spp. were most dominant and associated with dinoflagellate blooms at the same season. Especially, Favella spp. were most positively correlated with $40-60\;{\mu}m$ size class of dinoflagellate, and also represented higher multiple corrleation with outer station (St.2), comprising relatively large species of Gymonodinium and Protogonyaulax, than with inner station (St. 1), dominated by Prorocentrum blooms. Thus, the interspecific food selection by size and morphology between tintinnid including Favella and dinoflagellate is recognized and it is considered to be an important factor influenecing on the prey-predator relationship in lower trophic level in the surveyed area.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2021

An ecological niche is defined as the specific role of a species influenced by time, space, and other resources. By investigating overlaps between ecological niches of different species, we could estimate the degrees of interspecific competition. Such studies often use geographic information systems (GIS) to discover niche overlaps between species. In this study, we used GIS to estimate the spatial niches of two Korean frog species(Pelophylax nigromaculatus and P. chosenicus). This enabled us to predict their geographic distributions in order to identify their coexistence regions and distribution patterns. The results confirmed that altitude was an important variable for predicting their distribution, with a correlation with their climatic range. Spatial distributions of the two frog species were highly overlapped, as the distribution range for P. nigromaculatus included most of the range of P. chosenicus, showing a sympatric distribution pattern. Within the coexisting regions, however, the presence sites for the two species did not overlap, implying weak competition. To confirm the principal factors influencing their competitive relationship and reasons for their sympatric distribution pattern, we need more detailed in-depth studies on the diverse environmental variables within the regions where the two species coexist. By doing so, we would be able to identify various mechanisms for avoiding competition in sympatric frog species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.147-167
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• 2019

This study was conducted to analyze forest vegetation structure in the Marugeum (Ridge) area of Gitdaebaegibong to Jukryeong, Baekdudaegan. Data were collected in 298 quadrates through a Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey from April, 2018 to October, 2018. Forest vegetation was classified into 13 vegetation units. A Quercus mongolica community was divided into Morus bombycis, Filipendula glaberrima, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Prunus maackii unit and Q. mongolica typical unit. The M. bombycis unit was further classified into a Deutzia glabrata group and M. bombycis typical group. The F. glaberrima unit was subdivided into a Veratrum oxysepalum group, Arundinella hirta group, and F. glaberrima typical group. The F. sieboldiana unit was divided into a Pinus densiflora group, Larix kaempferi group, and F. sieboliana typical group. The relationship between vegetation units and environmental factors was studied through coincidence analysis and CCA. The F. glaberrima unit (VU 6~8) was distributed by elevation above 1,200 m and other vegetation units were distributed below 1,200 m. Results of the CCA analysis showed that the F. glaberrima unit distribution is positively correlated with elevation. As a result of species diversity, the F. glaberrima unit was higher than other vegetation units. A similarity index analysis revealed that the F. sieboldiana unit (VU 9~11) was relatively homogeneous, and the M. bombycis unit (VU 1~5) and A. girta group (VU 7) were relatively heterogeneous. A detrended correspondence analysis determined that the distance between the statistical axes of the M. bombycis and F. glaberrima units was the greatest, which is consistent with the analysis of the similarity index. As a result of interspecific correlation of major woody plants, hydrophilic species were positively correlated, and a negative correlation was found between Q. mongolica and intolerant species such as P. densiflora and L. kaempferi.