• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.127-139
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• 2007

This research was peformed to investigate the anthropometric data, blood profiles, and nutrient intakes of elderly persons living in a rural area. The subjects were 67 undernourished people who participated in follow-up nutrition intervention programs for9 weeks. Anthropometric data showed that the mean heights and weights in the management group were 157.6 cm and 59.1 kg, respectively, for the males and 152.6 cm and 51.0 kg, respectively, for the females. The mean BMIs of the management group were 23.8 kg/m$^2$ in the males and 22.4 kg/m$^2$ in the females. The total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and albumin levels of the subjects were 181.7-191.4mg/dL, 48.3-53.0mg/dL, and 3.85-4.00g/dL, respectively. Energy, ash, P, Na, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin B$_2$, vitamin B$_6$, and niacin increased significantly after intervention for the management group. The mINQ, however, did not significantly increase after intervention. Also after intervention, there was no significant difference in mINQ between the management group and the comparison group. MAR (14) in the management group was significantly increased from 0.62${\pm}$0.2 before intervention to 0.68${\pm}$0.2 after intervention (p=0.022), and it was significantly different between the management group and the comparison group (p=0.017). MAR (8) in the management group was not significantly different (p=0.915) before and after intervention. However, MAR (8) between the management group and the comparison group did show a significant difference (p=0.031). MAR (3) in the management group was significantly increased from 0.48${\pm}$0.2 before intervention to 0.55${\pm}$0.2 after intervention (p=0.045), however, MAR (3) was not significantly different between the management group and the comparison group (p=0.093). For the probability of nutrient insufficiency, in the management group the probability of nutrient values below the EAR (except for Fe) decreased after intervention compared to before intervention. On the other hand, the probabilities of values above the RI, or EAR${\sim}$RI, were increased

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.197-210
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• 1997

Low energy intakes, poor nutritional quality, and low food diversity are among the factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly in Korea. Therefore, a nutrition counseling and education program was conducted to promote dietary change and to improve nutritional status of elderly. The 7 step program consisted of a individual nutrition counseling and weekly or biweekly group nutrition education programs. Pre- and post-test measurings of dietary behaviors, attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected. Positive changes in the attitude related to diet were noted, whereas nutritional knowledge scores were not improved. Significant increases were noted in the frequency of vegetable consumption in female and diversity of food consumption in male. The densities of vitamin C(male & female), $B_1$, $B_2$, and niacin, calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), were significantly improved by nutrition counseling and education programs. These results suggest the appropriateness of nutrition intervention programs for the improvement of elderly nutrition.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.182-196
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• 1997

Physiological changes that affect nutrient absorption and utilization occur in older adults, and the collection of nutritional information is an important part of examining the nutrition and health issue. A nutritional survey using the 24-hour recall method was performed to identify nutritional quality and leading patterns of food group intake for protein, vitamin C, P and Fe were over 1, whereas those for vitamin A, $B_1$, $B_2$, niacin and Ca were below 1. The MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) was relatively low(0.75). The percentage of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 65.1, 15.6, and 19.5, respectively, thus the quantities of energy source were ideal. The Older subjects revealed poorer nutrition quality than the younger subjects did. The food group intake pattern of the elderly was not diverse, only 9% of them consumed all food groups in a day. These results suggest that nutritional guidelines for older Koreans should focus on the maintenance of adequate energy intake. In addition, selection of foods with high protein and calcium, such as dairy food, should be emphasized, particularly in the older elderly. Nutrition programs should target individuals at risk of not receiving enough nutrients, like the oldest elderly, and persons with lower education.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.143-155
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare dietary intake and quality obtained by food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) and 24-hour recall method among 1249 Korean adults living in rural area. The survey was conducted twice; first with 65-items FFQ by interview and then with 24-hour recall method two years later. Nutrients intake estimated from two dietary methods showed significant difference. For nutrients except fat and iron, average intake value estimated from the FFQ were significantly higher than that from the 24-hour recall method(p<0.001). Ranking of the subjects by nutrient intake levels obtained by two methods were significantly correlated, but correlation coefficients were low. Percentage of subjects in the lowest or in the highest quintile by 24-hour recalls who belong to the nearest two categories by FFQ ranged from 45% to 61%, while the percentage falling into the opposite category ranged from 7% to 15%. Subjects' percentile rank of nutrient intake by 24-hour recall correlated with their average rank of nutrient intake by FFQ. Information on food groups by two method were not comparable because of the limited number of food items in FFQ. For most nutrients, RDA% or NAR from FFQ were higher than those from 24-hour recall, but INQ from 24-hour recall were higher than those from FFQ. From the results, results of 24-hour recall method seems to be useful in classifying subjects according to their nutrient intake if sample size is large enough.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in dietary attitudes, dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles among Korean college students (392 males, 808 females) participating in a web class of nutrition education. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by a self-administered questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS program. Most female subjects with weight-control attempt had eating habit problems such as overeating and food jags. The female subjects with weight-control attempt showed significantly higher rate of skipping dinner compared to those without weight-control attempt. As for frequency of exercise, the subjects with weight-control attempt exercised more frequently compared to those without weight-control attempt. In subjects, weight-control attempt was significantly associated with exercise. Nutrient adequacy ratio and mean adequacy ratio of the subjects with weight-control attempt were significantly lower compared to those without weight-control attempt. These results suggest that skipping dinner or exercise might be used as weight-control methods in Korean college female students participating in a nutrition education class via the internet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.463-474
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• 2007

This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education especially high nutrient density diet, which promotes low carbohydrate, high protein and fiber. Sixty nine college students participated in the 8 week weight management program with nutrition education. After the program, forty six experienced a small amount of weight loss (WL group, 1.3 kg), but twenty three did not (WG group). The WL group's dietary habits and diet quality improved significantly. The INQ of nutrients and MAR significantly increased only in the WL group. The total DQI-I score significantly increased from 71.1 to 75.3 in the WL group, but it did not in the WG group. The total dietary habit scores significantly increased in both groups, but the changes in the dietary habit scores were greater than the WG group in the WL group. After the program, total cholesterol and triglyceride level decreased significantly in the WL group (p < 0.05). These results show that nutrition education which focuses on a nutrient density diet could help improve dietary habits, diet quality, total cholesterol, and the triglyceride level in college women.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.471-483
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits, nutrients intakes and nutritional quality of the preschool children living in Seoul. The study was performed by analyzing a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 233 subjects aged 2 to 6 years old. A three-day dietary intakes survey, using a 24 hour recall method was used by both the mothers and teachers of the children in day care centers. Twenty eight, 65.9 and $21.8\%$ of preschool children were underweight, normal and overweight or obese, respectively. It was found that $19.8\%$ of preschool children replied that they skipped breakfast sometimes. The major reasons for skipping breakfast were 'snacks' ($38.3\%$) and 'no appetite' ($32.6\%$). The proportion of subjects having unbalanced meals was $61.6\%$. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrients intakes were higher than those of the Korean RDA except zinc. The proportions of carbohydrate, protein and fat from total calories were 56,1, 17.2 and $30.7\%$. The P/M/S ratio was 0.62 : 0.86 : 1. Nutrient adquacy (NAR), mean of nu-trient adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were considered adequate. In conclusion, the dietary intakes of children aged 2 to 6 were assumed adequate judging from nutrient intakes, although some attention should be paid to fat intake in this age group.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.717-727
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of counseling for hypertension patients. the subjects were 44 hypertension patients who visited the general, hospital, located in Daegu, to receive medical treatments. Among 44 hypertension patient, 22 patients received the nutrition counseling three times for 8 weeks and the rest of the patients didn't as a non-counseling group(control group). The lifestyle, food habit, nutrient intakes, anthropometric measurements, and body fat and blood pressure as a main index were analysed before and after the nutrition counseling. The result after the nutrition counseling are as follows: 1) Body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) were significantly decreased in women(p<0.05). 2) The food habit score and nutrition knowledge score were dramatically increased(p<0.001). 3) The calcium intake was significantly increased in women(p<0.01). And energy, carbohydrate and fat intakes were decreased both men and women but there were no significant differences. The calcium intake as an Index of nutrition quality(INQ) and nutrient adequacy ratio(NAR) were significantly increased 5) Fat and cholesterol intakes in a group whose blood pressure reduced were significantly decreased compared with a group that had the same or higher blood pressure. These results showed that a well-planned nutrition counseling program would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program for the elderly at a public health center located in Jinhae city. The one group pretest and posttest design was conducted using self-administered questionnaire survey. Nutrition education lessons based on social cognitive theory (2 hours/lesson, 3 times) were provided to 27 female elderly(${\geq}65$ yrs) for a month. After the nutrition education, number of exercise increased and preference for sweetness decreased significantly (p<0.05). The outcome expectations, the knowledge of nutrition (p<0.001), and behavioral capability (p<0.05) score were significantly increased. There were significant increases in all nutrient intake. NAR was increased significantly in protein, calcium and vitamin C (p<0.01), dietary fiber, iron, zinc, thiamin, niacin and folic acid (p<0.001), and riboflavin (p<0.05). INQ was increased significantly in thiamin, vitamin B6 and niacin (p<0.05), and dietary fiber (p<0.01). The score of nutrition education satisfaction was high (4.52). The results of this study suggested that the nutritional education program based on social cognitive theory had a positive effect on dietary behavior changes, and nutrition intake status among female elderly even after short-term intervention.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1991

The objectives of the study were to provide the basis for nutrition education for consumers so that they could select nutritious and balanced fast foods and to promote menu items for fast foods franchisers by addressing nutrition and health. Nine franchisers (3 hamburger, 3 noodles and 3 chicken) were surveyed in terms of their nutritional concern for product development, and 360 consumers were interviewed at 36 fast food chains to assess their perceptions of nutrient adequacy of fast foods. The taste of foods was being addressed most when developing menu items in surveyed franchisers but nutrition and variety of menu were being considered least. Hamburger chain franchisers showed greater nutritional concerns in promoting menu items than noodles or chicken chain restaurants. Their nutritional concerns include utilization of nutritional information as promotion of menu item, providing nutrition information of menu item to consumers, and evaluating nutritional balance of their menu items. As a result of INQ evaluation of combined fast food selected by consumers for a meal, the desirable case of both nutritious and adequate in calorie was 14.7%, nutritious but lack in calorie was 44,1%, adequate in calorie was 24.5%, and undernutritious and lack in calories was 21.6%, 45.7% of snack selected by consumers had more calories than needed for a meal.