• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.273-288
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• 2008

Types of motivation for self-determination studied in the current research included intrinsic motivation (IM) to know, IM to accomplish, IM to experience stimulation; external, introjected, identified regulation; and amotivation as related to children's self-regulated learning strategies (use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation). The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) and the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992, 1993) were administered to 123 $5^{th}$ graders (63 girls, 60 boys). Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that IM to accomplish, IM to know, and identified regulation positively and amotivation negatively affected self-regulated learning strategies. IM to accomplish and IM to know positively and amotivation negatively contributed to use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.260-262
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• 2000

MPEG-4에서는 다양한 객체를 취급하기 위하여 시스템 부분(Part1)이 차지하는 비중이 MPEG-1이나 MPEG-2에서 보다 훨씬 높아졌다. 이러한 MPEG-4의 시스템 부분을 구현한 참조 모델을 IM1이라고 한다. IM1에는 다양한 오디오/비디오(A/V) 객체를 수용하기 위하여 디코더 프레임워크를 마련하고, 어떤 A/V 객체든 이 프레임워크에 맞추어 디코더를 구현하면 IM1 프리젠터에서 플레이가 가능토록 하고 있다. 현재 IM1 버전 3.8에서는 H.263 비디오, G.723 오디오, JPEG 이미지, AAC 오디오를 지원하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 MPEG-4 비디오 디코더를 IM1 디코더 프레임워크를 맞추어 설계, 수정한 내용을 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.256-259
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 IM-OFDM-SS(index modulated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with spread spectrum)와 IM-OFDM-QOS(IM-OFDM with quasi-orthogonal sequence) 시스템을 위한 2 단계 검출 (2-stage detection) 방법에 대해 연구하였다. IM-OFDM-SS/QOS 시스템은 전송할 수열의 인덱스(index)와 변조심볼(modulation symbol)을 이용하여 정보를 전달하며, 수신기(receiver)에서는 인덱스와 변조 심볼을 결합하여 동시에 검출하는 최대 우도(maximum-likelihood) 검출 방법을 사용할 수 있다. 그리고, 인덱스를 먼저 검출하고, 검출한 인덱스에 대한 변조 심볼을 이어서 검출하는 2 단계 방법을 적용할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 IM-OFDM-QOS 시스템에 2 단계 검출 방법을 적용하여 성능을 비교한다. 또한, 두 개 이상의 수열을 동시에 전송하는 경우 2 단계 검출 방법의 한계를 논의한다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.15-24
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• 2019

The study was compared for soil chemical and microbial properties as well as growth of the cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) plants environmentally friendly gown for 3 years and 5 years, which had been fertigated with homemade liquid fertilizer (LF) with indigenous microorganism as an additional fertilizer. Treatment included LF with indigenous microorganism for 3 years (3-year IM-LF) and for 5 years (5-year IM-LF), with an effective microorganism for 10 years (EM-LF), which had been applied with 1,000 times of dilution in the farmhouse. IM-LF and EM-LF materials had increased pH pattern for 16 weeks, in particular for increase of 1.2 for EM-LF. IM-LF material contained slightly higher EC but similar level of 0.2 dS/m to EM-LF. For a pot experiment in the greenhouse, IM-LF treatment increased root dry weight of the cherry tomato plants. In the farmhouse experiment, IM-LF treatment increased to 7.5 of soil pH and 8.4 dS/m of EC, indicating high salt accumulation. EM-LF treatment increased to 62 g/kg of soil OM, which would have affected concentrations of macro essential nutrients, including T-N in the soil. However, the optimum soil chemical levels for growth of cherry tomato plants were observed on the IM-LF plots. EM-LF treatment increased number of bacteria and actinobacteria in the soil. EM-LF treatment increased concentrations of macro essential nutrients in the plants, except for P, with similar nutrient concentrations observed between 3-year IM-LF and 5-year IM-LF-treated plants. Leaf SPAD and PS II levels decreased in the plants treated with 3-year IM-LF. EM-LF treatment increased leaf width and length, number of leaves, canopy area, plant height, and stem diameter in the mid-term stage of growth, which were not significantly different between the treatments. EM-LF treated-plants had two times higher leaf dry weight than those of values observed on the IM-LF plants, which was the opposite result observed on the number of fruit.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.249-252
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• 2001

IM1은 MPEG-4 시스템의 레퍼런스 소프트웨어로서, 많은 MPEG-4시스템들이 IM1을 기준으로 구현되고 있으나, 아직 이에 맞는 코덱의 부족으로 MPEG-4의 목표에 부합하는 다양한 스트링의 재생에 문제가 있다 다이렉트쇼우(DirectShow)는 마이크로소프트(Microsoft)사에서 개발된 멀티미디어 스트림을 재생하기 위한 프레임워크로서 다양한 형태의 코덱을 포함하고 있으며, 필요한 코덱을 개발하기 위한 프레임워크를 제공하여 앞으로도 많은 수의 코덱이 개발될 것으로 예측된다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-4 컨텐트가 다양한 스트링을 포함하고. 이를 IM1에서 재생할 수 있도록 MI1시과 다이렉트쇼우를 통합하는 방법에 대해서 기술한다.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an Interactive Metronome on increasing attention and impulsivity control for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods : This study was conducted through the ABA'design among single-case research methods with one child with ADHD. From May to July, 2014, 3 sessions of baseline phase(A), 15 sessions of intervention phase(B), and 3 sessions of post baseline(A') were conducted. The intervention was IM training, and each session carried out short form assessment(SFA) of IM and concentration tasks. In addition, long form assessment(LFA) of IM and Self-Control Rating Scale (SCRS) were conducted at baseline, intervention and post baseline. Results : After IM training as the intervention, the participation showed an increase in attention and controled in impulsivity. After the intervention, it was demonstrated that the effects were maintained or improved in the post baseline. Conclusions : IM training can be useful for increasing attention and impulsivity control of children with ADHD. The results demonstrated the efficacy of IM training as a new approach for children with ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 1994

Den Ausgangspunkt fr die Untersuchungen der vorliegenden Studie(II) bildeten die Auswirkungen des Rollenwandels auf das elterliche Verhalten und die Beziehung der Eltern zueinander. Im Rahmen dieser Studie beschrnkt sich die Untersuchung auf eine bestimmte Phase des Familienlebens nmlich den Ubergang zur Elternschaft und fr diesen Bereich wurden Angaben zu Arveiten im Haushalt mit Zufriedenheit. Beurteilt wurden Ubergangseffekte im Vergleich von Vernderungen bei Erst-und Zweiteltern die im Zusammenhang mit dem Baby aufgetreten sind. Disses Vorgehen basierte auf der Annahme da$\beta$ bei Ersteltern strkere Effekte auftreten als bei Zweiteltern, Die Ergebnisse basieren auf 130 sdkoreanischen Erst-bzw. Zweiteltern die whrend der Schwangerschaft(ca 6 Monat) erstmals befragt wurden und auf vervliebenen 89 Elternpaaren die sich an einer zweiten Befragung drei Monate nach der Geburt des Babys beteiligten. Die Ergebnisse zur Aufteilung von Haushaltsarbeiten haben fr die Gesamtstichprobe gezeigt da$\beta$in der Zeit vor und nach der Geburt das Kindes die Arbeiten im Haushalt meistens von den Mttern bernommen wurden. Beim Vergleich von Erst-und Zweiteltern wurden Unterschiede in der Aufteilung der Aebeiten im Huashalt gefunden. Diese Unterschiede besthen insbesondere darin da$\beta$ die Zweitmtter(vor der Geburt des zweites Kindes) noch mohr Haushaltsarbeiten die Erstmtter( der Geburt des zweites Kindes) bernehmen. Bezglich der Zufriedenheit mit der Aufteilung der Arbeiten im Haushalt wurden bei den Vtern Unterschiede drei Monate nach der Geburt des Kindes gefunden. Nach der Geburt des Kindes sind die meisten Zweitvter zufriedener mit ihrer Rolle im Haushalt als die Erstvter nach der Geburt ihres Kindes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3549-3554
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• 2013

Background: It is generally accepted that gastric carcinomas are preceded by a sequential multistage process that includes chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, usually with intestinal metaplasia (IM), and dysplasia. This series of changes in gastric carcinogenesis is often initiated by Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection. The aim of the present study was determination of gastric histopathologic changes in IM patients after at least one year in Guilan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-series study was conducted in Guilan Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center (GLDRC) during 2010 to 2011. Gastric biopsy was performed for all 71 known cases of IM and precanceric lesions including gastric atrophy, IM, dysplasia and H pylori infection were determined after at least one year. Results: Of the total of 71 patients with established IM who were enrolled, 50 had complete-type IM and 21 had incomplete-type IM. Fifty two people had H pylori infection. H pylori eradication was achieved in 39 patients (75%). Secondary pathology findings of patients with IM were complete metaplasia (39.4%), incomplete metaplasia (32.4%), dysplasia (23.9%) and other precanceric lesions (4.2%). Dysplasia (20%vs 33%) occurred in patients who had complete and incomplete IM at baseline respectively (p>0.05). Age, gender, family history of gastric cancer(GC); smoking habits and NSAIDs use were not associated with gastric premalignant lesions in initial and secondary pathologies (p>0.05). The difference became statistically significant between H pylori infection in patients with more than 3 years diagnostic intervals (p<0.05). Statistical difference between eradicators and non-eradicators was not significant. Conclusions: We found that incomplete IM increased the risk of subsequent dysplasia in this study.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.10
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• pp.45-66
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• 2004

Die relationale Stelle und Bewegung der $Gegenst\"{a}nde$ lassen sick mil Hilfe anderer $Gegenst\"{a}nde$ beschreiben, die in den $diesbez\"{u}glichen$ Untersuchungen jeweils als 'Thema'und 'Relatum' gekennzeichnet wurden. Neben dem Thema und dem Relatum ist zur Beschreibung der $Raumausdr\"{u}cke$ ein driller Begriff 'Origo', bzw. 'Betrachtspunkt', notwendig, weil dabei der subjektive Aspekt des Sprechers bzw. $H\"{o}rers$ u.a. eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Die Stelle eines Gegenstandes ist durch einen Bezug zu seinem Relatum $auszudr\"{u}cken$. Wenn das Relatum keine intrinsische Orientierung kennt, wird im Deutschen und such im Koreanischen eine deiktische Strategie verwendet, in der sich der Sprecher aus seiner Sicht zwischen rechts (von/neben) und links (von/neben), bzw. vor und hinter entscheidet. Falls das Relatum eine intrinsische Orientierung kennt, wird im Deutschen die deiktische Strategie zwar bevorzugt, ist aber nicht dominant, In einem solchen Fall gilt im Koreanischen sowohl der Sprecher wie auch das Relatum als Betrachtspunkt Bei der Beschreibung der Bewegung sind nicht nor der betreffende Cegenstand (=das Thema) und der Zielort (=das Relatum), sondern auch die Stelle des Sprechers, eventuell auch des $H\"{o}rers$ zu $ber\"{u}cksichtigen$. Im Koreanischen spielt der Sprecher konsistent die Rolle des Betrachtspunktes. Auch im Deutschen fungiert normalerweise der Sprecher als Betrachtspunkt; aber im Falle der Bewegung zum Horer fungiert der Horer als Betrachtspunkt Die Bewegung zum Betrachtspunkt wird durch ein Annaherungsverb wie kommen und oda (오다) bezeichnet, $w\"{a}hrend$ die vom Betrachtspunkt $wegf\"{u}hrende$ Bewegung durch ein Entfernungsverb wie gehen und gada (가다) bezeichnet wird. In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Bewegung zum Sprecher durch kommen und oda $ausgedr\"{u}ckt$. Die Bewegung zum $H\"{o}rer$ wird im Koreanischen auch durch gada ausgedruckt, da es sich hierbei um die vom Betrachtspunkt $wegf\"{u}hrende$ Bewegung handelt; in einem solchen Fall wird aber im Deutschen kommen gebraucht, da der $H\"{o}rer$ als Betrachtspunkt fungiert und es sich hier um die Bewegung zum Betrachtspunkt handelt.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2010

Objective : In this study, we try to identify the herbal formulated by Heo Im from Kyeongheombang(經驗方), and investigate its medical property. Method : Those articles referenced from Heo Im's herbal formulas in "Sauikyeongheombang(四醫經驗方)" were extracted and results were quantitatively analyzed. From extracted empirical formulas, those categorized as externally applicable formulas were grouped by several standards and their medical significance was analyzed. Results and Conclusions : 85 and 66 articles were designated to be referred from Heo(許) in "Sauikyeongheombang" and "Uibanghapbu(醫方合部)" in each category, and 263 and 155 were identified to be Heo Im formulas, respectively. Externally applicable formulas in Heo Im's empirical recipes have following characteristics. First, various methods were used by Heo Im. Second, Heo Im's empirical formulas suggest useful clinical information maximizing therapeutic effect, which is of much value, originated from his practical experiences as a clinician. Third, Heo Im's therapy favorably succeeds the tradition of Hyangyak-medicine and Empirical -medicine. From this information, Heo Im is thought to have had rich insight and experience, not only in acupuncture but also in the prescription of herbal formulas at those days.