• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2023

Purpose: This study compared the functional and cosmetic treatment outcomes of intramedullary nailing (IM nail) and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for distal tibia shaft fractures. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients with distal tibia shaft fractures (distal 1/3 of the diaphysis, AO/OTA [AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association]) 43 managed by an IM nail (n=30) or MIPO (n=18) who had minimum one-year follow-up were enrolled in this study. The radiological, functional, and cosmetic outcomes in the two groups were compared retrospectively. Results: All patients achieved bone union. The mean bone union time of the IM nail and MIPO groups was 18.5 and 22.6 weeks, respectively (p=0.078). One patient in the MIPO group showed posterior angulation and valgus deformity of more than five degrees. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) functional scores were similar: 83.3 in the IM nail group and 84.6 in the MIPO group (p=0.289). The most salient difference was the cosmetic result of the surgical scar. The length of the scars around the ankle in the IM nail group was significantly smaller than the MIPO group (2.6 cm vs. 10.6 cm; p=0.035). The patient satisfaction survey of surgical scars revealed a significantly higher satisfaction rate in the IM nail group than in the MIPO group (93% vs. 44%; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that both treatment methods for distal tibia shaft fractures have similar therapeutic efficacy regarding the radiological and functional outcomes. On the other hand, the IM nail technique showed superior cosmetic outcomes than the MIPO technique. IM nails may be more recommended in patients with high demand for cosmetic results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.417-422
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• 2000

The 3rd order intermodulation(IM3) signals affect a great influence on fundamental signal because IM3 can not be rejected by a filter. To solve this problem, in this paper, a predistortion method was applied. The designed predistorter cascaded to 4 W power amplifier and tested with two-tone spreaded 5 MHz. As an experimental result, it was cleary shown that the 3rd order intermodulation distortion characteristics has been improved as much as 17 dB when the output of the power amplifier is 30.67 dB.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.10 no.2_3
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• pp.5-7
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• 1966

A variety plant in Polygonatum sibirieum R$_{EDOUTE}$, P. sibiricum R$_{EDOUTE}$ var. multiverticillatum R$_{IM}$ named by author, was discovered in Kang Won-Do, Korea. It was found that this plant has 4-7 whorled leaves, while the ordinary P. sibiricum R$_{EDOUTE}$ has 4 ones. De verticillato 4 vel plura usque ad 7 fo lium; Recenter invento: Haec noviter inventa varietas habet 4 vel plura usque ad folia latiora et altiora quam antea.a.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.2
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• pp.211-220
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• 2003

As Geographic Information Systems represent three dimensional topological information, The Systems provide accurate and delicate services for users. In order to execute three dimensional topological operations, a dimensional transformation and heterogeneous spatial models should be used. However, the existing systems that use the dimensional transformation and the heterogeneous models, is not only difficult to operate the spatial operators, but also happened to support non-interoperability. Therefore, in order to solve the problems, we proposed three dimensional spatial object models that supported two dimensional object models and implemented them to show validity of the proposed models. When designing the three dimensional topological operators, we used 3DE-9IM which extended DE-9IM to support three dimensional concepts, and implemented operators on the component environment with object oriented concepts. The proposed three dimensional spatial object models and topological operators can support interoperability between systems, and execute spatial queries efficiently on three dimensional spatial objects.

• The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.186-197
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• 2018

Background/Aims: To investigate the predictive factors for improvement of atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM). Materials and Methods: A total of 778 subjects were prospectively enrolled and followed up for 10 years. Histological analysis of AG and IM was performed by using the updated Sydney system. To find the predictive factors for reversibility of AG and IM, 24 factors including genetic polymorphisms and bacterial and environmental factors were analyzed. Results: In all subjects, the predictive factor by multivariate analysis for improvement of both antral and corpus AG was successful eradication. The predictive factors for improvement of antral IM were age and successful eradication. The predictive factor for improvement of corpus IM was successful eradication. In patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, age and cagA were predictive factors for improvement of AG and IM. In patients with H. pylori eradication, monthly income and cagA were predictive factors for improvement of AG and IM. Conclusions: H. pylori eradication is an important predictive factor of regression of AG and IM and would be beneficial for the prevention of intestinal-type gastric cancer. Young age, high income, and cagA are additional predictive factors for improving AG and IM status. Thus, various factors affect the improvement of AG and IM.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.442-446
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• 2018

Purpose: The definition of nodal pathologic complete response (pCR) after a neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) just included the evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN) without internal mammary lymph node. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of internal mammary-sentinel lymph node biopsy (IM-SLNB) in patients with breast cancer who underwent NAC. Methods: From November 2011 to 2017, 179 patients with primary breast cancer who underwent operation after NAC were included in this study. All patients received radiotracer injection with modified injection technology. IM-SLNB would be performed on patients with internal mammary sentinel lymph node (IMSLN) visualization. Results: Among the 158 patients with cN+ disease, the rate of nodal pCR was 36.1% (57/158). Among the 179 patients, the visualization rate of IMSLN was 31.8% (57/179) and was 12.3% (7/57) and 87.7% (50/57) among those with $cN_0$ and cN+ disease, respectively. Furthermore, the detection rate of IMSLN was 31.3% (56/179). The success rate of IM-SLNB was 98.2% (56/57). The IMSLN metastasis rate was 7.1% (4/56), and all of them were accompanied by ALN metastasis. The number of positive ALNs in patients with IMSLN metastasis was 3, 6, 8, and 9. The pathology nodal stage had been changed from $pN_1/pN_2$ to $pN_{3b}$. The pathology stage had been changed from IIA/IIIA to IIIC. Conclusion: Patients with visualization of IMSLN should perform IM-SLNB after NAC, especially for patients with cN+ disease, in order to complete lymph nodal staging. IM-SLNB could further improve the definition of nodal pCR and guide the internal mammary node irradiation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.321-325
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• 2002

Karyotype analysis was carried out on blood samples of 30 water buffaloes belonging to different breed groups (i.e. Philippine Carabao (PC), Indian Murrah (IM), Bulgarian Murrah (BM), "$F_1$ 50% IM-50% PC", "$F_1$ 50% BM-50% PC" and "75% IM-25% PC"), using the modified Leucocyte Culture Technique. The modal chromosome numbers of the PC, "$F_1$ 50% IM-50% PC", "$F_1$ 50% BM-50% PC", IM, BM and "75% IM-25% PC" were 2n=48, 49, 49, 50, 50 and 50, respectively. The water buffalo chromosomes are mostly acrocentric (79.67%) and the remainder submetacentric (20.33%). Results of the ordinary least square analysis showed significant breed effects (p<0.01) on other karyotypic characteristics (i.e. relative length, arm ratio and centromeric index). Significant correlation between karyotypic characteristics and some animal performance traits were also found. The significant correlation values imply that karyotypic characteristics can be used as important criteria to select potentially productive young water buffaloes. In the future, more production and reproduction traits from non-institutional herds should be included in the analysis to reveal meaningful correlations with various karyotypic characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2004

Quantum chemical quantities, enthalpy of formation(${\Delta}H_f$), HOMO and LUMO energy, and dipole moment(${\mu}_D$) were acquired by AM1, PM3, and ZINDO/1 methods for polyamines and imidazole derivatives. The investigation of the inhibitory activity on some Ni(II) complexes with polyamines and imidazole derivatives is performed by ZINDO/1 calculations. It was found that experimental inhibitory activity(IA) appeared when the value of net charge and enthalpy of formation were over 0.03 and -300 eV, respectively for Ni(II) complexes. These results showed that the Ni(II) complexes have exception on the following very unstable compounds: square pyramidal [Ni(dpt)(tn)])]$^{2+}$(dpt=3,3'-diaminodipropylamine)(tn=1,3-diaminopropane) and distorted tetrahedral [Ni(N-PropIm))$_2$(NCS))$_2$](N-PropIm=N-Propylimidazole).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1999

The growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi were studied in C3H/HeN mice and effects of immunosuppression of the host on the worm development were observed. Two hundred metacercariae of G. seoi were orally administered to each mouse, and worms were recovered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (PI). The worm recovery rate was significantly higher in immunosuppressed (ImSP) mice than in immunocompetent (ImCT) mice except on days 1 and 3 PI. The worms attained sexual maturity by day 3 PI with eggs in the uterus, and worm dimensions and the number of uterine eggs continuously increased until day 14 PI in ImSP mice. Worms recovered from ImSP mice were significantly larger in size than those from ImCT mice on days 1 and 3 PI, and the number of uterine eggs was significantly larger in ImSP mice on days 5 and 7 PI. Genital organs such as the ovary, testes, and vitellaria, that were already developed in the metacercarial stage. grew a little in size until day 14 PI. The results show that the C3H/HeN mouse is, though not excellent, a suitable laboratory host for G. seoi.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1970

Human Bence Jones Protein could be purified by DEAF-Sephadex A-50 column $(2{\times}37cm)$ with 0.02M phosphate Buffer (pH 8.0) and gradient increasing with NaCl concentration as in Fig. 2-4. Sample As (K-type Bence Jones Protein) had two component, F-I was major component and its dried weight was 350mg. of starting material of 500mg. Other Sample Im and Ik (${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones Protein) was purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 with 0.02M phosphate Buffer(pH 8.0)too. F-I (major component) of Im and F-I of Ik were 242mg and 146mg. its dried weight respectively. K-type of Bence Jones Protein's(As, Ko, Ta.) N-terminal amino acid residue was determined by method of DNP,. K-type of Bence Jones Protein's amino acid residue were either glutamic acid or aspartic acid. Sample Ta was confirmed as glutamic acid its N-Terminal. As and Ko were aspartic acid. Each yellowish spot (DNP-amino acids) were extracted with 4ml. of pH 8.05% $NaHCO_3$ solution and calculated its recovery by O.D. $(360m{\mu}$ using the ${\varepsilon}=18.1{\times}10^3DNP$ $Asp\;{\varepsilon}=17.41{\times}10^(3)\;DNP\;Glu$ considering 50% lose during; the acid (6N-HCI) hydrolysis. Recovery of ko and As were 54.3% and 65% of its starting materials (DNP-Protein). Sample Ta's recovery was 85% of its DNP-protein. ${\lambda}$-type of Bence Jones Protein was rot investigated its N-terminal amino acid residue by DNP-method, probably it was blocked its N-terminal residue with glutamic acid.