• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2012

This experiment was carried out in order to separate bovine colostral whey protein from Imsil province and to test the effect of immunological activity on RAW 264.7 cells. The colostral whey protein contained TGF-${\beta}$ 7, 475 pg/g in total. We first tested the effect of the colostral whey protein on the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells and it demonstrated cytotoxicity at concentrations greater than 20 mg/mL. Therefore, the immunological activities of colostral whey protein were investigated in maximum concentration of 10 mg/mL on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Results indicated that colostral whey protein inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner. The colostral whey protein also suppressed the productions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to the immunological activity, colostral whey protein led to the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, colostral whey protein containing TGF-${\beta}$ inhibited the production of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 via expression of HO-1.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2001

The continuous production of L -proline was studied using L-histidine auxotrophic mutant of Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum under various substrate limited conditions. Among the $NH_4\;^+$ $PO_4\;^3$ and L -histidine limited conditions, the highest production of L -proline was observed under the L-histidine limited condition. Under $NH_4\;^+$ and $PO_4\;^3$ limited conditions, no or poor L-proline production was observed, respectively. For the kinetic parameters under L -histidine limitation the specific rate of L -proline production was increased with dilution rate upto $0.1hr^{-1}$ but decreased above $0.1hr^{-1}$. The volumetric rate of L -proline production was showed similar pattern with specific rate. The dried cell weight was gradually increased according to decrease the dilution rate. Specific rate of glucose consumption was proportionally increased with dilution rate. The results of continuous culture (higher production of L-proline at dilution rate $0.1hr^{-1}$) will be used in fed-batch culture for the control of cell growth rate and mass production of L-proline.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 2011

Obesity not only reduces bone mineral density but also increases inflammatory markers. Therefore, we examined the change in inflammatory markers and morphological microstructure of the bones using a mouse model fed a high-fat diet. C57BL/6J 4-week-old male mice were divided into a control group (n = 6) and a experimental group (n = 6); the control group was provided with 10% Kcal fat diet, and the high-fat diet group was provided with 45% Kcal fat diet for 12 weeks using the free provision method. Blood was analyzed for inflammatory markers, and micro-computed tomography was used to measure the morphological microstructure of the femoral bone. The weight increases in the control group and high-fat diet group were $5.85{\pm}1.84g$ and $16.06{\pm}5.64g$, respectively (p < 0.01), glucose was $115.00{\pm}16.88mg/dL$ and $188.33{\pm}13.29mg/dL$ (p < 0.01), and triglycerides were $65.00{\pm}6.19mg/dL$ and $103.33{\pm}8.02mg/dL$ (p < 0.05) respectively. Leptin and interleukin (IL)-6 were significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than that in the control group (p < 0.01). As a result of a biochemical index analysis of bone metabolism, osteocalcin tended to be lower in the high-fat diet group, whereas CTx was significantly higher in the high-fat diet group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.01). The thickness of the bony trabecula was significantly narrower in the high-fat diet group than that in the control group (p < 0.05), and the gap in the bony trabecula was significantly wider in the high-fat diet group than that in the control group (p < 0.05). IL-6 and the gap in the bone trabecula, which was a morphological microstructure of the bones, showed a positive correlation (p < 0.05). Taken together, inducing obesity through a high-fat diet in mice during the growth phase caused a change in bone microstructure and was correlated with the inflammation index. Accordingly, restriction of excessive fat intake may be needed to suppress the inflammatory reactions and promote normal bone formation.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 1999

The complex [Ni(L)](ClO4)2 (1) (L=2,13-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,01.1807.12]docosane) has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. (1) crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P, with a=10.948(2), b=10.948(2), c=14.911(4) , α=93.73(2), β=93.77(2), γ=99.29(2)o, V=1754.8(7) 3, Z=2, R1(wR2) for 5217 observed reflections of [I>2σ(I)] was 0.048(0.099). The coordination environment around nickel(II) ion shows a distorted octahedron with four secondary and tertially amines of the macrocycle and two nitrogen atoms of pyridylmethyl groups.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1982

The in vitro experiments for isometric contraction were done to investigate the different action mechanism of calcium ion on phasic and tonic components of K-contracture in guinea pig's taenia coli. The results were as follows: 1) The degrees of K-contracture were increased gradually from 4 mM to 15, 20, 40 & 100 mM of$[K^+]_0$. The maximal developed tension in tonic component was observed in 100 mM of $[K^+]_0$. 2) The phasic components were not so affected by 2, 4, 8 & 16 mM of $[Ca^{++}]_0$ in 100 mM K-contracture, but the tonic components were gradually increased in a dose-responsive manner. 3) The K-contracture was not influenced by norepinephrine, 1 mg/l, but was completely abolished by verapamil, 2 mg/l. 4) The phasic component was little affected by verapamil, 0.01 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l, and 1 mg/l, but the tonic component was completely disappeared at the concentration of verapamil 1 mg/l. The above results suggest that $[Ca^{++}]_0.$ primarily affected the tonic component than the phasic component of K-contracture in guinea pig's taenia coli.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

Objectives: Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baek-Ji in Korean, BJ) is well known to be used as a medicine for cold, headache, supraorbital pain, nasal congestion, and toothache. Little is understood about the roles of BJ in the cytokine and chemokine secretion by immune cells. This study was designed to find out the effects of BJ on the cytokine and chemokine secretion in human mast cells (HMC). Methods : We treated BJ according to consistency on HMC and measured cytokines and chemokines levels using flow cytometry CBA system. Results: In BJ treated group. the expression of interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-l0), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (MIG), and interleukin 10 (IL-l0) levels were decreased significantly and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (RANTES), IL-8, $interferone-{\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) were decreased significantly. Conclusion : The results of this experiment supposed that the treatment of BJ will ameliorate the secreting levels of some chemokines or cytokines such as IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, IL-10, RANTES, IL-8, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and TNF-a.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.165-172
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• 2002

Collaborative studies have identified some genetic factors contributing to the development of severe forms of malaria and schistosomiasis. In Thailand, the $TNF-{\alpha}{\;}5'-flanking$ region shows biallelic polymorphic sites at nucleotides -238, -308, -857, -863, and -1031, and seven alleles have been identified in patients from Myanmar. We found that the TNF promoter (TNFP)-D allele was significantly associated with cerebral malaria in populations from Karen (P < 0.0001. OR ＝ 124.86) and ethnic Burma (P < 0.0001, OR = 34.50) . In China, we have identified two major genes related to the severity of liver fibrosis, one an HLA class II gene, and the other the IL-13 gene. The frequency of the HLA- DRB5*0101 allele and that of the IL-13 promoter A/A (IL- l3P- A/A) genotype were elevated in fibrotic patients, although the two genes are located on different chromosomes, chromosomes 6p and 5q, respectively Subjects with both genotypes had odds ratios (OR = 24.5) much higher than the sum of the ratios for each individual genotype (OR ＝ 5.1,95% Confidence Interval 1.3-24.7 for HLA-DRB5*0101, OR ＝ 3.1 95% CI 1.5 - 6.5 for IL-l3P-A/A). That the effects of the two susceptibility markers are synergistic rather than additive, strongly suggests that the pathogenic Th2 response directly influences the prognosis of post-schistosomal liver fibrosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.440-444
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• 2014

Purpose: Febrile seizures are induced by fever and are the most common type of seizures in children. Although numerous studies have been performed on febrile seizures, their pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. The present study was conducted to identify potential links between serum interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), and febrile seizures. Methods: Ninety-two patients with simple or complex febrile seizures (46 patients per seizure type), and 46 controls with comparable age, sex, and severity of temperature were enrolled. Results: The median concentrations of serum IL-$1{\beta}$ in the simple, complex febrile seizure, and control groups were 0.05, 0.1, and 0.67 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.001). Moreover, the median concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the simple, complex febrile seizure, and control groups were 2.5, 1, and 61.5 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.001). Furthermore, there were significant differences between the case groups in serum IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: Unlike previous studies, our study does not support the hypothesis that increased IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ production is involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by wheat phytase and to investigate the effects of wheat phytase-treated LPS on in vitro toxicity, cell viability and release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8 by target cells compared with the intact LPS. The phosphatase activity of wheat phytase towards LPS was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors such as L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine. In vitro toxicity of LPS hydrolyzed with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assessed. Cell viability in human aortic endothelial (HAE) cells exposed to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was measured. The release of IL-8 in human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells applied to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assayed. Wheat phytase hydrolyzed LPS, resulting in a significant release of inorganic phosphate for 1 h (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degradation of LPS by wheat phytase was nearly unaffected by the addition of L-phenylalanine, the inhibitor of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase or L-homoarginine, the inhibitor of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Wheat phytase effectively reduced the in vitro toxicity of LPS, resulting in a retention of 63% and 54% of its initial toxicity after 1-3 h of the enzyme reaction, respectively (p < 0.05). Intact LPS decreased the cell viability of HAE cells. However, LPS dephosphorylated by wheat phytase counteracted the inhibitory effect on cell viability. LPS treated with wheat phytase decreased IL-8 secretion from intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cell to 14% (p < 0.05) when compared with intact LPS. In conclusion, wheat phytase is a potential therapeutic candidate and prophylactic agent for control of infections induced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and associated LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases in animal husbandry.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1348-1358
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• 2017

To enhance the physiological activity of the Rhynchosia volubilis (RV), R. volubilis (RVHE-A) and R. volubilis-added herbal powder (RVHE-B) were fermented with a solid state culture of Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE). The total isoflavone contents of the non-fermented RV-A ($489.9{\mu}g/g$) and RV-B ($571.1{\mu}g/g$) were remarkably increased in fermented RVHE-A ($1,836.4{\mu}g/g$) and RVHE-B ($1,276.7{\mu}g/g$). In particular, aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were significantly higher in the RVHE-A than any other sample. When hot-water (HW) and EtOH extracts (E) were fractionated from the RV and RVHE, both extracts from the RVHE-A were higher than those from the RV-A in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, the RVHE-B-HW showed a lower polyphenol and flavonoid content level than did RV-B-HW. RVHE-A-HW and -E also had more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity than any extract from the non-fermented RV and other ferments (RVHE-B). In the meanwhile, RVHE-A-HW potently stimulated the production of macrophage activation-related cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 ($841.7{\pm}71.3pg/mL$, $3.9{\pm}0.1ng/mL$, $179.3{\pm}30.2pg/mL$) from peritoneal macrophage more than RV-A-HW ($92.5{\pm}1.5pg/mL$, $0.1{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $37.4{\pm}5.4pg/mL$) as well as RVHE-B-HW ($557.0{\pm}21.3pg/mL$, $1.8{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $90.0{\pm}10.0pg/mL$). However, all the EtOH extracts did not show significant activity. In addition, the RVHE-A-HW showed a significantly higher intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch and GM-CSF production than did any other extract from RV and RVHE-B. In conclusion, these results suggest that the fermented R. volubilis with H. erinaceum mycelia possesses a possible use as an industrial application as functional food or material.