• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2016

Interleukin-1b ($IL-1{\beta}$), a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates the innate immune responses against bacterial infection. Mature $IL-1{\beta}$ is produced from $pro-IL-1{\beta}$ by activated caspase-1, which in turn is activated by the inflammasome complex formation. In this study, we compared the inflammasome mRNA expression induced by S. sanguinis, S. oralis, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia. Among the tested bacteria, S. sanguinis induced the highest $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. S. oralis, F. nucleatum and P. intermedia induced very weak $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. S. sanguinis mostly induced the NLRP3 mRNA expressions. Although F. nucleatum did not induce high $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion, it induced high expression levels of AIM2, NLRP2, and NLRP3. No specific inflammasomes were induced by S. oralis and P.intermedia. Studying the inflammasome complex activation induced by oral bacteria may thus enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of oral diseases.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 1994

The etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain unknown. It has been postulated that infectious-autoimmune process may play a role in the pathogenesis of symptoms in some schizophrenic patients. Findings of altered interleukin(IL) regulation have been regarded as additional proof that schzophrenia has an infectious-autoimmune background. In the present study, we measured mitogen-stimulated production of and serum level of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 using ELISA in 16 neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients and in 16 age, sex matched healthy controls. The results were as follows : 1) There was a significant decrease of IL-2 production in schizophrenic patients than in normal controls(respectively $1.90{\pm}0.13ng/m{\ell}$, $2.79{\pm}0.14ng/m{\ell}$, p<0.001). But there was no significant difference of IL-$1{\beta}$ production and IL-6 production between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. 2) There was a significant increase of serum level of IL-2 in schizophrenic pateitns than in normal controls(respectively $184.8{\pm}12.8pg/m{\ell}$, $104.2{\pm}34.2pg/m{\ell}$, p<0.01). Serum level of IL-$1{\beta}$ was partially detected in both groups and serum level of IL-6 was not detected in both groups. 3) There was no significant differences of IL-$1{\beta}$, -2, -6 production & serum level of IL-2 according to male vs female, paranoid type vs undifferentiated type, drug-naive group vs drug-free group in schizophrenic patients. 4) There was significant correlation between IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production(r=0.86, p<0.001). No correlation between IL-$1{\beta}$, -2, -6 production, serum level of IL-2 and age, duration of illness, and BPRS score was found. It has been suggested that the low lymphocyte production of IL-2 in the patients with autoimmune disease occurs because the T cells are activated and lymphocyte-derived IL-2 has been released into the serum. The authors suggest that decreased IL-2 production in our schizophrenic patients is due to increased IL-2 serum level in those patients. Thus our finding of low IL-2 production and high serum level of IL-2 in our schizophrenic patients is compatible with the possibility that our patients have an autoimmune process. Further study on relationship between IL alteration and other immunological abnormalities(the presence of serum autoantibody and of anti-brain antibody, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ cell index, etc) in schizophrenic patients will be warranted.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.423-431
• /
• 2000

교정적 치아이동 중 골개조는 수종의 매개물질에 의하여 조절된다. 특히 IL-$1\beta$는 실험동물의 교정적 치아이동 중 압박측과 긴장측 모두의 치근막과 치조골에서 골흡수를 촉진하고 골형성을 억제하는 효과를 보이는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 이 연구는 인체에서의 교정적 치아이동 중 압박측과 긴장측 치은열구액에서 IL-$1\beta$의 발현을 찾고 발현양의 시간적 변화를 관찰하였다. 전신질환인 없고 임상적으로 건강한 치주조직을 가진 평균 19.2$\pm$4.2세, 12명의 남녀환자에서 편측 견치를 원심으로 견인하였다. 실험군(원심 견인측)의 근심과 원심, 대조군(동일환자의 반대편 견치)의 근심 치은열구액을 견치 후방 이동 직전, 1시간 후, 24시간 후, 168시간 후의 4개의 시간대 별로 수집하여 총단백질 농도(BCA법)와 IL-$1\beta$(ELISA법) 의 농도를 비교, 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 실험군에서의 IL-$1\beta$ 농도는 교정력을 가한 후 증가하여 24시간 전후에 최대값에 도달하였다. 2. 대조군에서의 IL-$1\beta$ 농도는 시간에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 교정력을 가한 24시간 후에서 IL-$1\beta$의 농도는 압박측에서 가장 높고, 이어 긴장측과 대조군의 순이었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제20권8호
• /
• pp.1276-1280
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 berberine이 전염증성사이토카인의 생성에 미치는 효과를 관찰하기 위하여 TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, 그리고 IL-6생성을 정량하였다. 마우스 비장세포에 berberine을 작용시켰을 때 TNF-$\alpha$의 생성이 억제되었다. 또한 마우스 생체 내에서 LPS에 의한 TNF-$\alpha$의 상승이 berberine에 의해서 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. IL-$1{\beta}$의 생성에 있어서도 berberine을 고농도(3.0 ${\mu}g/ml$)로 작용시켰을 때 억제되었고 LPS에 의한 IL-$1{\beta}$의 상승이 고농도의 berberine에 의해서 억제되었다. IL-6의 생성은 berberine에 의해서 억제되었으며 낮은 berberine 농도(0.3 ${\mu}g/ml$)에서 LPS에 의한IL-6의 생성이 억제되었다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 berberine이 TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, 그리고 IL-6와 같은 전염증성사이토카인의 생성을 하향 조절할 가능성을 시사한다 하겠다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.472-476
• /
• 2002

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) serves as a good model of cell-mediated reaction. Epidermal langerhans cell (LC) are thought to playa crucial role in the regulation of immune reaction of the skin, which elicit the CHS response by presenting Antigen to trafficking Ag-specific T cells within the skin. However, contact hypersensitivity is regarded as a negative side of immunities, caused by increased damaging immune response. Therefore, the study of effector molecule causing immune suppression is thought to be meaningful in the skin immune response. For this aim, this study investigated the influence of pedunculagin on cytokine, IL-$\beta$ expression from langerhans cell (LC). In vitro and in vivo, pedunculagin up-regulated the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA. After PMA stimulation in vitro and DNFB sensitization in vivo, the expression of IL-1$\beta$ mRNA was down-regulated. This results suggested that pedunculagin could be immuno-modulator in skin immune system by modulating IL-1$\beta$ expression.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To investigate temporal changes in IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression in spinal dorsal horn (DH) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in a rat lumbar disc herniation (LDH) model. Methods: Autologous nucleus pulposus, harvested from the tail disc between the second and third coccygeal vertebrae (Co2-3), was implanted next to the left L5 nerve root just proximal to the DRG after partial laminectomy. IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression was investigated in DRG and DH in our LDH model. Real-time PCR assays were done using a 7500 Real Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, USA). Results: Expression of IL-1${\beta}$ in DRG and DH was observed for 30 days postoperatively. Expression of IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA in the ipsilateral DRG of the LDH group gradually increased from 5 to 30 days after surgery. The amount of IL-1${\beta}$ in the contralateral DRG peaked 10 days after surgery and then gradually decreased. However, there was no difference in IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression in spinal DH between the LDH group and the sham-operated group. Conclusion: Long-term expression of IL-1${\beta}$ in the LDH model may worsen the chronic pain state. Future studies on inhibition of IL-1${\beta}$ expression in the LDH model will be needed to develop selective treatment strategies for patients with LDH.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.130-138
• /
• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Phellodendron amurense(PLDA) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of PLDA extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and behavior of memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. PLDA extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ ; AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$. PLDA extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. PLDA extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that PLDA extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 1998

Glucokinase와 hexokinase는 간과 췌장에서 인슐린에 의해 혈당이용을 증대시키며 혈당농도를 감지하여 인슐린 분비를 조절하는 효소로서 인슐린비의존성당뇨병(NIDDM)의 병인과 밀접한 관계가 있는 효소이다. Cytokine의 일종인 interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$)는 췌장 도세포에서의 인슐린 분비와 ${\beta}-cell$에 대한 세포 독성을 효과적으로 조절하여 장기간 노출시키면 인슐린 분비와 생합성을 저해하며 ${\beta}-cell$을 파괴하여 ${\beta}-cell$의 기능적, 구조적 손상을 초래하여 IDDM을 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 당뇨병치료의 전통한방약제로서 사용되고 있는 오배자(五倍子)추출물의 효과를 해명하기 위하여 $IL-1{\beta}$유발 실험적 당뇨마우스의 glucokinase와 hexokinase의 활성을 검토한 결과, $IL-1{\beta}$주사에 의해 체중과 공복시의 glucose 및 insulin 분비가 증가되었으나, 오배자(五倍子)투여로 공복시의 insulin분비가 감소하였으며 체중과 공복시의 혈당은 유의성은 없었으나 대조군에 비하여 감소하였다. 그러나, 혈당수치가 정상군에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었으나 오배자(五倍子)투여로 현저히 감소하였으며 Insulin치의 상승과 분비지연도 오배자(五倍子)투여군에서는 정상군과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 한편, 혈중 glucokinase와 hexokinase의 활성은 $IL-1{\beta}$주사에 의해 현저히 감소되었으나, 오배자(五倍子) 투여로 유의성 있게 상승되었다. 이상의 결과로, 오배자(五倍子)는 $IL-1{\beta}$로 유발된 실험적 당뇨병에서 포도당인산화 효소인 glucokinase와 hexokinase의 활성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.111-119
• /
• 1996

The production of interleukin-1(IL-1)and nitric oxide(NO) by cultured fibroblast cells of human nasal turbinate was revealed by biological assay respectively. The cells were incubated for various periods of time in the presence of staphyloccocal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1(TSST-1) and house dust mite(Dermatophagoides farinae, HDM), and the culture supernatants were harvested. There was a little difference in the activities of IL-1beta and the amount of NO produced by the cells when stimulated with 0.002-0.1$\mu$g/ml of TSSTO-1 and 0.02-1$\mu$g/ml of HDM. The shapes of the time course curves for the production of IL-1beta and NO by the cells were different. Groups stimulated with TSST-1 or HDM produced more IL-beta in 2 h than no exposure group(Control). A certain mixed group(TSST-1, 10ng+mite, 100 ng) continued to produce IL-1beta highly throughout the entire incubation period. The cells stimulated with TSST-1 or HDM produced more NO in 2 h and 6 h than that produced in the end of incubation(48 h). Also, the mixed groups were generally similar. There results suggest that induction of IL-1beta by a certain mixed condition(TSST-1+mite) in fibroblast cell in vivo may play a role in inflammation.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2003

We have investigated the biological effects of recombinant IL-1$\beta$ (rIL-1$\beta$) on the expression of antiviral genes such as Myxovirus-3 (MX-3) and Interferon regulating factor-1 (IRF-1), which are related to type I interferon. When ten micrograms of rIL-1$\beta$ were treated, we observed the stimulatory effect on the expression of these antiviral genes. Interestingly, at the early stage of stimulation, these genes were down-regulated and then up-regulated by the results obtained that the expressions of these genes were decreased at day 1 post-injection and gradually increased at day 3 post-injection. Thus, the stimulatory effect of rIL-1$\beta$ on the expression of MX-3 and IRF-3 gene might be an indirect stimulatory effect because significant up-regulation was delayed until day 3 post-injection.