• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

Bacterial infection of the pulp results in the development of a periapical lesion with the concomitant resorption of periapical bone. The cytokines are believed to play an important role in this matter. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship among the presence of black pigmented bacteria, the levels of cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, -${\beta}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TGF-${\beta}1$), and the amount of bone resorption in periapical and pulpal diseases. For the purpose, the patients were grouped into chronic apical pathosis, acute apical pathosis, acute pulpitis, and a healthy control group. Root canal samples were taken from periapical tissue exudates during routine endodontic treatment, and the venous blood was taken from each patients. The samples were processed to measure local and systemic levels of the cytokines using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Bacterial content of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella nigrescens were measured by indirect immunofluorescence method and the size of the periapical lesions were measured from the radiographs. The following results were obtained: 1. The levels of bone resorptive cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, TNF-${\beta}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$) in exudates from acute and chronic apical pathoses were significantly higher than those from acute pulpitis and the normal pulps(p<0.05). 2. IL-$1{\beta}$ were the highest among the bone resorptive cytokines in apical pathoses. However, no statistical difference between acute and chronic lesions were found(p>0.05). 3. The levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ in exudates from acute pulpitis and chronic apical pathoses were significantly higher than those from acute apical pathoses and the normal pulps(p<0.05). However, there were no significant correlations among the levels of bone resorptive cytokines. 4. The levels of TNF-${\beta}$ in serum were significantly higher than those from the exudates while serum TGF-${\beta}1$ concentrations were significantly lower(p<0.05). 5. Exudates from the canals in which the P. nigrescens were detected showed significantly higher levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ than those from the canals without the microorganism(p<0.05). 6. There were no significant correlations among the levels of the cytokines, the amount of bone destruction, and the presence of acute and chronic symptoms(p>0.05).

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2017

Sulfated polysaccharides are known to be immune-stimulators in mammals and can be used as food additives to enhance immunity. In this study, the immune-stimulating activity of water-soluble anionic macromolecules F₂ fractionation isolated from Codium fragile using ion-exchange chromatography was tested in olive flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus, in vitro and in vivo. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β was adopted to check the immune-affection. As a result, in vitro study revealed that the expression of IL-1β was significantly upregulated in head kidney cells by 1 and 5 ㎍/ml of polysaccharides 4 h and by 5 ㎍/ml of polysaccharides at 24 h. In vivo, IL-1β gene expression in head kidney was significantly upregulated by 20 and 100 ㎍ of the polysaccharides at day 1 post-i.p. injection, while downregulated at day 3 but not significant. Meanwhile, in peritoneal cells, it was upregulated by 20 ㎍ of the polysaccharides at day 1 but the upregulation was sustained until day 3 though it was not significant. These results indicate that the sulfated polysaccharides from C. fragile are an immune-stimulator and might be potential feed additives for olive flounder.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2021

Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway causes various diseases including cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, osteoporosis, obesity and chronic kidney diseases. The modulation of dysregulated Wnt pathway is absolutely necessary. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action of Wnt-C59, a Wnt signaling inhibitor, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated epithelial cells and macrophage cells. Wnt-C59 showed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL6, CCL2, IL1A, IL1B, and TNF in LPS-stimulated cells. The dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in LPS stimulated cells was suppressed by WntC59 treatment. The level of β-catenin, the executor protein of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was elevated by LPS and suppressed by Wnt-C59. Overexpression of β-catenin rescued the suppressive effect of Wnt-C59 on proinflammatory cytokine expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. We found that the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB, measured by co-immunoprecipitation assay, was elevated by LPS and suppressed by Wnt-C59 treatment. Both NF-κB activity for its target DNA binding and the reporter activity of NF-κB-responsive promoter showed identical patterns with the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB. Altogether, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of Wnt-C59 is mediated by the reduction of the cellular level of β-catenin and the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB, which results in the suppressions of the NF-κB activity and proinflammatory cytokine expression.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.841-845
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• 2004

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Gamcho(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, GLU) in asthma. We measured histamine, IL-1β, IL-4, 1L-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, in plasma of ovalbumin induced asthmatic mouse. The results were obtained as follows: GLU decreased the proliferation of histamine, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 significantly. GLU increased the proliferation of IL-10 significantly. According to the above results, it is suggested that GLU extract might be useful applied for prevention and treatment of allergic asthma.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.376-387
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• 2023

Purpose: Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory condition associated with the destruction of bone tissue around a dental implant, and diode lasers can be used to treat this disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 940-nm diode laser for the nonsurgical treatment of PI. Methods: Twenty patients (8 women and 12 men) were enrolled in a split-mouth randomized controlled study. In the control group (CG), mechanical debridement with titanium curettes accompanied by airflow was performed around the implants. The test group (TG) was treated similarly, but with the use of a diode laser. Clinical measurements (plaque index, gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment level, and interleukin-1β [IL-1β] in the peri-implant crevicular fluid) were evaluated and recorded at baseline and 3 months. IL-1β levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The symptoms were alleviated in both groups at 3 months as assessed through clinical measurements. GI, BOP, and PPD were significantly lower in the TG than in the CG (P<0.05). The IL-1β level increased post-treatment in both groups, but this increase was only statistically significant (P<0.05) in the CG. Conclusions: The diode laser enabled improvements in clinical parameters in the periimplant tissue. However, it did not reduce IL-1β levels after treatment. Further studies about the use of diode lasers in the treatment of PI will be necessary to evaluate the effects of diode lasers in PI treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.427-438
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• 2022

Pyroptosis, a form of cell death associated with inflammation, is known to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discoid domain receptor 1 (DDR1), an inflammatory regulatory protein, is reported to be associated with diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying DDR1 regulation and pyroptosis in DN remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of DDR1 on renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis and the mechanism underlying DN. In this study, we used high glucose (HG)-treated HK-2 cells and rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin as DN models. Subsequently, the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, Interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interleukin-18 [IL-18]), DDR1, phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB), and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were determined through Western blotting. IL-1β and IL-18 levels were determined using ELISA. The rate of pyroptosis was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The results revealed upregulated expression of pyroptosisrelated proteins and increased concentration of IL-1β and IL-18, accompanied by DDR1, p-NF-κB, and NLRP3 upregulation in DN rat kidney tissues and HG-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, DDR1 knockdown in the background of HG treatment resulted in inhibited expression of pyroptosis-related proteins and attenuation of IL-1β and IL-18 production and PI-positive cell frequency via the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in HK-2 cells. However, NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of DDR1 knockdown on pyroptosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that DDR1 may be associated with pyroptosis, and DDR1 knockdown inhibited HG-induced renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. The NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway is probably involved in the underlying mechanism of these findings.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2022

This research was designed to evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of Carex scabrifolia Steud. extract using RAW264.7 cells. The assessments of these effects were based on cell viability assay, mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and levels of nitric oxide (NO)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) production. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that treatment with C. scabrifolia Steud. extract decreased the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. Furthermore, from the production levels of PGE₂/NO, it can be inferred that C. scabrifolia Steud. extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. These results suggest that C. scabrifolia Steud. extract contains anti-inflammatory compound(s), and consequently, that it may have applications as a potent cosmeceutical material.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives: Noni fruit juice (NFJ) is liquor extracted from Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit and has been used as an herbal remedy in many countries. However, the NFJ's anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on adipocytes are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the commercially standardized NFJ effects on lipid accumulation throughout 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods: Cellular lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were assessed subsequently via the Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay. MTS assay was used to examine NFJ cytotoxicity in (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to measure the expression levels of target protein and mRNA in (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, respectively. Results: NFJ treatment at 150 μL/mL led to a substantial reduction of fat accumulation and TG content during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis with no discernable impact on the cell viability. Of note, while NFJ treatment (150 μL/mL) largely inhibited the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR-β) protein expressions, it did not influence PPAR-γ in differentiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Of interest, treatment with IL-1β at 20 ng/mL for 4 hours elicited in firm induction of iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, NFJ treatment at 100 or 200 μL/mL greatly attenuated the IL-1β-induced iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusions: NFJ has anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on (differentiating) 3T3-L1 preadipocytes which are in part intervened via control of the expression of C/EBP-α, PPAR-β, and iNOS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.231-246
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 MIA로 골관절염을 유도한 SD 흰쥐에서 인도산 보스웰리아 검레진을 주정 추출 후, 헥산으로 지방 제거 공정을 추가하여 제조한 보스웰리아 검레진 추출물인 FJH-UBS의 항골관절염 효능을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. FJH-UBS는 40 또는 80 mg/kg BW/day 용량으로 5주간 경구투여하였고, FJH-UBS를 2주간 투여 후 MIA (3 mg/50 µL/rat)를 무릎 관절강 내에 주사하여 골관절염을 유도하였다. MIA 유도 골관절염 동물모델에서 FJH-UBS는 무릎 관절의 부종을 감소시키고 연골의 분해를 억제하였으며, 연골 내 type II collagen과 aggrecan 발현을 증가시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 혈청 내 PGE2, LTB4, IL-1β, 및 IL-6 함량을 감소시켰고, MMP-13 함량을 감소시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 연골 활막 내 iNOS, COX-2, 5-LOX, IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α 발현을 감소시켰고, MMP-2, MMP-9 및 MMP-13 발현을 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 FJH-UBS가 염증매개물질과 염증성 cytokine의 발현감소를 통해 염증 반응을 억제하고, MMPs의 발현을 억제하여 연골 기질의 분해를 억제함으로서 항골관절염 효능을 나타냄을 의미하며 이는 관절 및 연골 건강 개선 기능성 원료로 FJH-UBS의 활용 가능성을 제시한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.490-495
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• 2004

Brain cells produce cytokines and chemokines during the inflammatory process of many neuronal diseases both in animal models and in patients. Inflammatory cytokines are the main responsible for the onset of inflammatory cascade. During the past decade, a growing corpus of evidence has indicated an important role of these cytokines in the development of brain damage. ZhenganXifeng-tang (ZGXFT) is a Korean herbal prescription, which has been successfully applied for the treatment of various neuronal diseases. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. Astrocytes are predominant neuroglial cells of the central nervous system and are actively involved in cytokine-mediated events in inflammatory disease. An inflammatory response associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) and interleukin (IL)-1β is responsible for the pathology of inflammation disease. To investigate the biological effect of ZGXFT, the author examined cytotoxicity, effect of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) secretion and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on human astrocytoma cell line U373MG stimulated with IL-1β plus M fragment 25-35 (Aβ [25-35]). ZGXFT by itself had no effect on cell viability on human astrocytoma cells. The secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 was inhibited by pre-treatment with ZGXFT in human astrocytoma cells. In addition, the expression of COX-2 was induced by IL-1β plus AB[25-35] and was partially inhibited by treatment with ZGXFT. The author demonstrates the regulatory effects of inflammatory reactions by ZGXFT in human astrocytes for the first time and suggest the anti-inflammatory effect of ZGXFT may reduce and delay pathologic events of inflammatory disease.