• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2008

Although inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in host defense mechanism, these overproduction contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as otitis media, hearing loss, periodontitis, bacterial sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from Ji-Pae-San(JPSWE) fomulated with Angelica dahurica plus Fritillaria Verticillata, Angelica dahurica(ADWE), and Fritillaria Verticillata(FUVE) in vitro and in vivo. Each extract inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators(NO, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were synergistically increased by their combination. JPSWE also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6. and $PGE_2$ production as well as COX activity in LPS-stimulated mice. Moreover, JPSWE significantly suppressed death by LPS-septic shock in mice(survival rate: 100%). These results suggest that Ji-Pae-San may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Gagamtunong-san(GTNS) which has been medicated the patient such as mastitis. The results were as follows. The cytotoxicity on mouse lung fibroblast Cells(mLFC) was not served at all concentration of GTNS. GTNS in RAW264.7 cell inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA genes expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Specially GTNS inhibited NOS-II production very significantly at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. GTNS inhibited NO production significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. GTNS inhibited ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. GTNS inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production significantly in serum of acute anti-inflammation-induced mice. GTNS increased the survival rate from the 3rd day on LPS-induced lethal endotoxemia. These results suggest that Gagamtunong-san(GTNS) can be useful in treating a lot of women mammary diseases caused by inflammation such as acute and chronic mastitis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotypic characterization of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) using arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR), to investigate the cytotoxicity of both clinical isolates and standard strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans for the human Jurkat T cells, and to measure the osteoclastogenic cytokines released by Jurkat cells infected with these bacterial strains. The random sequence primer 15 and 16 could distinguish different AP-PCR profiles between clinical isolates of A. actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans significantly suppressed Jurkat cell viability in time dependent fashion and the results of DNA fragmentation assay indicated that this bacterial species induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells undergoing apoptosis released the osteoclastogenic cytokine, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$. These data support the hypothesis that induction of apoptosis is at least one essential step in A. actinomycetemcomitans induced local immunosuppressive pathway, and that A. actinomycetemcomitans can modulate the immunomodulatory cell population in the periodontal tissue by inducing T cell death through apoptosis, and that apoptosis of local resident T cells may play an active role in bone resorption by releasing osteoclastogenic cytokines, e.g. IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Objectives: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional remedy to treat gynecology and endocrine diseases. Recently, studies on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RRP have been reported, so it was judged that RRP extracts would have an anti-depressive effect. Methods: We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive effect of RRP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression and LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. RRP inhibited the LPS-stimulated excessive release of nitrite in the BV2 cells. RRP also significantly inhibited the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Results: RRP significantly suppressed the LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-𝜅B activation. In addition, administration of RRP not only inhibited the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) but also increased the total travel distance in the open field test (OFT). Also, RRP inhibited the elevation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in brain of LPS-injected mice. Conclusions: Considering the overall results, our study showed that RRP exhibited the anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-depressive activities via deactivation of MAPKs and NF-𝜅B.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Taraxaci Herba Extract (THE), LPS, on pro-inflammatory mediatory. Methods After the treatment of Taraxaci Herba MeOH extract dissolved in EMEM for 1 hour prior to the addition of LPS ($1\;{\mu}g/ml$), cell viability was measured by MTT assay, Nitric Oxide production was monitored by measuring the nitrite content in culture medium. And levels of cytokine and PGE2 were analyzed by sandwich immunoassays. Results THE inhibited the production of nitrite and nitrate (0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml), TNF-$\alpha$, (0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml), IL-$1{\beta}$(0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml), IL-6 (0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml) and PGE2(0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml) activated with LPS. In Raw 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusions According to the results above, Taraxaci Herba can produce anti-inflammatory effect, which may play a role in adjunctive therapy in Gram-negative bacterial infections.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1101-1111
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• 2003

Our study shows that EC extract has inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, iNOS and COX2 in hFLSs. IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and COX2 mRNA expression is suppressed at a low dasage (1㎍/ml) of EC extract. TNF-α was also suppressed at higher dosages (10 ㎍/ml, 100㎍/ml). EC extract also inhibited TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production in pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulated-hFLSs. Expecially IL-1β(p<0.05) production are suppressed significantly. On the other hand, EC extract did not show any cytotoxicity. Thses data suggest that EC extract has anti-inflammatory effect mostly by inhibiting IL-1β production, and thus could be used to prevent or treat some inflammatory disease such as RA. It remains to be known what are the major components responsible for anti-inflammatory effect and what is the main mechanism.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2001

사상의학적 견지에서 태음인(太陰人)의 중풍, 치매와 같은 신경계질환에 다용되고 있는 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯)은 최근에 그 임상적 효과를 뒷받침할 다각적인 연구들이 이루어지고 있음에도 불구하고 그 정확한 약리학적 기전에 대해서는 밝혀지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간성상세포를 이용하여 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯)이 substance P (SP)와 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)에 의해 유도되는 다양한 세포활성물질의 분비량의 조절을 검토함으로써 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯)의 약리기전을 면역학적 측면에서 보다 세밀하게 살펴보고자 하였다. 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 수침액은 인간 뇌 성상세포로 부터 LPS와 SP의 동시자극에 의해 생성되는 세포활성물질중 interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6 및 tumor necrosisfaccor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)의 분비를 농도의존적으로 억제했다. 그러나 interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) 및 IL-2의 분비 조절에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그리고 항 IL-$1{\beta}$ 항체에 의해 SP 유도성 TNF-${\alpha}$ 분비의 증가가 억제되기 때문에 IL-1은 TNF-${\alpha}$ 증가를 매개하는 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과는 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯)에 의한 급성기 중풍환자 치료 효과가 뇌 성상세포로부터 분비되는 세포활성물질의 조절과 밀접한 관련성이 있다는 것을 암시하고 있다.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2018

Nucleotide-binding domain 1 (Nod1) is a cytosolic receptor that is responsible for the recognition of a bacterial peptidoglycan motif containing meso-diaminophimelic acid. In this study, we sought to identify the role of Nod1 in host defense in vivo against pulmonary infection by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Wildtype (WT) and Nod1-deficient mice were intranasally infected with $3{\times}10^7CFU$ of A. baumannii and sacrificed at 1 and 3 days post-infection (dpi). Bacterial CFUs, cytokines production, histopathology, and mouse ${\beta}$-defensins (mBD) in the lungs of infected mice were evaluated. The production of cytokines in response to A. baumannii was also measured in WT and Nod1-deficient macrophages. The bacterial clearance in the lungs was not affected by Nod1 deficiency. Levels of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and $IL-1{\beta}$ in the lung homogenates were comparable at days 1 and 3 between WT and Nod1-deficient mice, except the $TNF-{\alpha}$ level at day 3, which was higher in Nod1-deficient mice. There was no significant difference in lung pathology and expression of mBDs (mBD1, 2, 3, and 4) between WT and Nod1-deficient mice infected with A. baumannii. The production of IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and NO by macrophages in response to A. baumannii was also comparable in WT and Nod1-deficient mice. Our results indicated that Nod1 does not play an important role in host immune responses against A. baumannii infection.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2007

This study were designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of $genistein-4'-O-{\alpha}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (GRG) isolated from Sophora japonica (Leguminosae) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin ($PGE_2$) production by RAW 264.7 cell line. GRG significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production. Consistent with these observations, GRG reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein and mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the release and the mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also reduced by GRG. Moreover, GRG attenuated the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), a transcription factor necessary for pro-inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 expression. These results suggest that the down regulation of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-6 expression by GRG are achieved by the downregulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity, and that is also responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1371-1377
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• 2012

산양삼 55% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 효과 및 LPS로 염증이 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 염증매개 물질의 억제능력을 측정하여 항염증 효과를 살펴보았다. 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH, ABTS sytem 및 SOD 유사활성을 측정하여 항산화 효과를 확인한 결과, 높은 폴리페놀 함량(357.45 mg/100 g)이 확인되었고, free radical 소거활성을 측정한 결과 KPGE는 농도 의존적으로 free radical을 소거하였으며, 대조군인 BHT와 유사한 소거활성이 확인되어 KPGE의 우수한 항산화 활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 조사된 최고 농도(1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$)에서 DPPH(80%)와 ABTS(86%)는 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. SOD 유사활성은 1, 10, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 22%의 활성이 확인되었고, 500, 1000 ${\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 33%의 높은 항산화 활성이 확인되었다. 또한, KPGE의 항염증 효과를 확인하기 위해 LPS로 염증이 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 NO, $PGE_2$ 및 전염증성 cytokine(TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6)을 측정한 결과, 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 NO, $PGE_2$ 생성 및 전염증성 cytokine인 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6의 생성을 효과적으로 억제하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 산양삼 55% 에탄올 추출물 KPGE는 높은 항산화 활성과 염증매개 물질의 생성을 억제하는 우수한 항염증 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.