• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.1044-1050
• /
• 2006

The Korean genuine medicine, 'Gigukjihwangtanggami (GJT)' has long been used clinically for hypertension and various cerebrovascular diseases. However, experimental study has been carried out very little. Recently cytokines involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and immune responses may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction (CI). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GJT on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) stimulated with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) from Cl patients. The amount of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha}),\;interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10 in PBMC culture supernatant was significantly increased in the LPS treated cells compared to unstimulated cells. GJT inhibited the production of $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 induced by LPS. The maximal inhibition rate of the $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and IL-8 production by pretreatment of GJT (1 mg/ml) was $57.32{\pm}2.5%$ (p.0.05), $42.02{\pm}3.5%$ (p.0.05), $40.02{\pm}2.3%$ (p.0.05) and $48.02{\pm}3.1$, (p.0.05), respectively. In the Other hand, GJT increased the production of IL-4 and IL-10. The maximal increase rate of the IL-4 and IL-10 production by pretreatment of GJT (1 mg/ml) was $42.4{\pm}3.3%$ (p.0.05) End $56.4{\pm}2.9%$ (p.0.05), respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that GJT Ray have regulatory effects on the cytokine production and suggest that GJT might use clinically for the treatment of CI.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2013

This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of oyster shell extract on the production of pro-inflammatory factors [NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-${\alpha}$] in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability, as measured by the MTT assay, showed that oyster shell extract had no significant cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cells. The treatment with oyster shell extract decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species dose dependently and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, such as SOD, catalase, GSH-px in LPS-stimulated macrophage cells. Oyster shell extract significantly suppressed the production of NO and also decreased the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-${\kappa}B$. Additionally, oyster shell extract significantly inhibited the production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Thus, these results showed that the oyster shell extract had an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.69-89
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-oxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of Sungyoutanggagambang(SYTG). Methods: In the study of anti-oxidant activities. SYTG was investigated by DPPH radical scavenger activity. superoxide dismutase activity and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity. In the study of anti-inflammatory effects. SYTG was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation. levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were measured in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs) and RAW264.7 cells. Results: Prior to the experiment. we investigated the security of SYTG by measuring GOT and GPT in serum. 1. SYTG showed high antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent degree by measured scavenging activity of DPPH free radical, superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion radical. 2. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, IL-6. TNF-$\alpha$, COX-2 and NOS-II mRNA expression as compared with the control group in a concentration-dependent degree in RAW264.7 cell line. 3. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production significantly at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and TNF-$\alpha$ production significantly at 50, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ as compared with the control group in RA W264.7 cell line. 4. SYTG inhibited IL-1$\beta$, and IL-6 production significantly as compared with the control group in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. and decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production in spleen tissue. and also decreased IL-1$\beta$, IL-6 production in liver tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that SYTG can be useful in treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation such as endometrosis, myoma, pelvic congestion. chronic cervicitis, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease and so on.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2009

생체 내 (ex vivo) 실험에서 더덕의 물 추출물을 4주간 격일로 마우스 체중 kg 당 0, 50, 500 mg/kg B.W.의 농도로 마우스에 경구 투여한 후 비장세포 증식능, LPS에 의해 활성화된 복강 대식세포가 분비하는 염증성 사이토카인 (IL-1 ${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) 의 생성량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 더덕 물 추출물은 ConA나 LPS로 자극하지 않은 경우 500mg/kg B.W. 농도에서 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높은 비장 증식능을 보였다. LPS에 의해 활성화된 복강 대식세포의 사이토카인 분비량을 측정한 결과에서도 IL-1 ${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$의 분비량은 마우스 체중 kg 당 500 mg/kg B.W. 농도의 투여군에서 유의적으로 높은 생성량을 보여주었으며, 50 mg/kg B.W.의 농도 투여군에서는 대조군에 비해 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. IL-6의 경우 50 mg/kg B.W.과 500 mg/kg B.W. 두 농도 모두에서 유의적으로 높은 분비능을 보였다. 이상의 결과에 따르면 더덕 추출물의 비장세포 증식능과 사이토카인 분비 효과는 500 mg/kg B.W. 농도 투여시 가장 효과적으로 면역 세포와 면역 기관의 주요기능을 증진시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 앞으로 더덕을 이용한 기능성 식품 개발에 기초 연구 자료로 활용되기를 기대된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.144-160
• /
• 2007

목 적 : 이 연구는 천식, 기관지염, 폐렴, 결핵, 산후감모 등의 호흡기 질환에 사용되는 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용(抗炎作用)의 효과에 대해 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용(抗炎作用)의 효과를 평가하기 위해 세포독성에 미치는 영향, NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6 생성량에 미치는 영항, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-l${\beta}$, IL-6 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향, iNOS, 염증cytokine 유전자 및 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향, PGE$_2$ 합성에 미치는 영향 및 NF-${\kappa}$B 활성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험평가를 하였다. 결 과 : 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 MTT 분석을 통한 RAW 264.7 세포주의 생존력 평가에서 세포독성이 없었고, LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 NO 생성량을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 400 g/ml 농도에서 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에 대해 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6 생성량을 각각 41.86${\pm}$2.26 %, 61.11${\pm}$2.54 %, 55.33${\pm}$3.65 % 억제하였으며 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ 및 IL-6 유전자 발현을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였고, LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 세포주에서 iNOS와 COX-2 유전자 및 단백질 발현은 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 또한 그 농도에 따라 PGE$_2$ 생성량이 현저하게 억제하였고, LPS로 유도된 NF-${\kappa}$B 전사활성을 농도 의존적으로 억제함으로써 iNOS와 염증Cytokine 유전자 발현을 하향조절 하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 실험을 통해 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)은 LPS로 유도된 macrophage에서 NO와 염증Cytokine 생성량을 억제하였고 murine macrophage에서 NF-${\kappa}$B 활성을 억제함으로써 iNOS와 염증Cytokine 유전자 발현을 하향조절 하였다. 이러한 청폐화담탕(淸肺化痰湯)의 항염작용으로 천식, 기관지염, 폐렴, 결핵, 산후감모 등의 호흡기 질환에 응용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2010

목 적: 난관수종액내의 사이토카인 농도를 측정하고, 사이토카인 농도가 다른 난관수종액을 이용하여 생쥐 배아 발생에 미치는 영향을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 난관수종액은 자궁난관 조영술에서 난관수종이 진단되어 복강경을 통한 난관 절제술을 시행하는 경우 난관 절제술 전에 난관으로부터 채취한 다음 3,000 rpm에서 10분간 원심분리시킨 후 상층액만을 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 보관하였다. 난관수종액의 사이토카인의 조성 및 농도를 확인하기 위하여 interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 등을 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였다. 기본 배양액에 난관수종액을 5%, 10%, 30%의 비율로 첨가하여 각 군별로 배반포로의 발달을 관찰하였다. 결 과: 난관수종액내에서 IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-$\alpha$, IFN-$\gamma$, VEGF, EGF, MCP-1가 검출되었으며, 그 농도에 있어서는 큰 차이를 보였다. 정상 혈청 농도에 비하여 난관수종액-1은 IL-6, IL-10이 증가되어 있었고, 난관 수종액-2는 IFN-$\gamma$, MCP-1 및 VEGF가 증가되어 있었다. 각 난관수종액의 Th1/Th2 비는 HSF-1의 경우 IFN-$\gamma$:IL-10이 3.69로 정상인 데 비하여 HSF-2의 경우 IFN-$\gamma$:IL-10이 61.14로 크게 증가되어 있었다. 난관수종액을 포함하지 않는 배양액에서는 배반포기 발달률은 76.7%이었고, 난관수종액-1군은 74%로 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 난관수종액-2군의 경우 27.7%로서 대조군 및 난관수종액-1군과도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 난관수종액-1의 경우 난관수종액 농도에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 난관수종액-2군의 경우 농도에 증가함에 따라 배반포로의 발달이 감소하기는 하였지만 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 결 론: 난관수종액마다 사이토카인의 조성이 다르며 이에 따라 생쥐 배아발달에 미치는 영향이 다를 수 있다. 염증성 사이토카인이 증가된 난관수종액이 배아발달에 악영향을 미칠 것으로 추정된다. 특정 사이토카인에 의한 작용을 규명하기는 위해서는 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.650-656
• /
• 2013

내피세포 단백질 C 수용체(EPCR)가 트롬빈-트롬보모듈린 복합체에 의한 단백질 C (PC) 활성 증가에 중요한 역할을 한다. EPCR의 활성은 ecodomain의 분열과 수용성 단백질(sEPCR)로 분비함으로써 현저하게 변화한다. EPCR의 탈락은 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ converting enzyme (TACE)에 의해 매개된다. 토마토에서 발견된 라이코펜은 항산화 효과, 항암 효과, 항염증 효과를 가지고 있다. 그러나 EPCR 탈락에서의 라이코펜의 효과는 알려지지 않았다. 우리는 라이코펜이 PMA, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$와 CLP에 의해 유도된 EPCR 탈락에 미치는 영향을 연구했다. 그 결과, 라이코펜은 TACE의 발현을 억제시켜 PMA, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$와 CLP에 의해 매개된 EPCR 탈락을 저해함을 보여준다. 또한 라이코펜은 PMA가 유발한 p38, ERK1/2, JNK의 인산화를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과를 토대로, 라이코펜은 EPCR 탈락의 저해를 통해 다양한 중증 혈관 염증 질병 치료를 위한 후보 물질이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this study were to analyze the association between inflammatory cytokine and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to evaluate treatment outcome and changes of plasma inflammatory cytokine levels after oral appliance therapy. Methods: Twenty-seven subjects who visited Department of Oral Medicine in Seoul National University Dental Hospital were performed nocturnal polysomnography and analyzed plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ levels. Each subject was evaluated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The subjects were classified into 12 OSA patients (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] >5) and 15 control (AHI ${\leq}5$) groups. The OSA group was treated with mandibular advancement device (MAD) for 3 months and re-evaluated nocturnal polysomnography and plasma inflammatory cytokine levels. Results: Plasma TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in OSA patients compared to controls. Total AHI showed significant positive correlations with plasma IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels. Percentage time of $SpO_2$ <90 and lowest $SpO_2$ were significantly correlated with plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ level. ESS showed significant positive correlation with plasma IL-10 level. Total AHI, percentage time of $SpO_2$ <90, lowest $SpO_2$, and mean $SpO_2$ were significantly improved after the MAD therapy. Plasma TNF-${\alpha}$ level was significantly decreased after MAD therapy. Conclusions: We suggest that MAD therapy is an effective treatment modality for patients with OSA and can decrease plasma cytokine level.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.107-128
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This experiment was designed to investigate the efficacy of DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model. Methods : The effects of the DDTCMT hot water extract on expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2, NOS-II, IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist mRNA and production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. Expression of NO, ROS in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS and AChE activity in PC-12 cell treated by NGF were investigated. anti-AChE was observed through Western blot analysis. The effects of the DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results : 1. The DDTCMT hot water extract significantly decreased the production of mIL-6, mNOS-II, mTNF-${\alpha}$, and increased the production of mIL-10, mIL-1 receptor antagonist. 2. The DDTCMT hot water extract significantly suppressed the production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. 3. The DDTCMT hot water extract significantly suppressed the NO and ROS production in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. 4. The DDTCMT hot water extract groups showed inhibition of AChE activity in NGF treated PC-12 cell line. 5. The DDTCMT hot water extract suppressed anti-AChE expression in NGF treated PC-12 cell line was observed by Western blot analysis. 6. The DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder groups showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine -induced impairment of memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusions : These results suggest that the DDTCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.424-427
• /
• 2011

The nucleotide-oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins are members of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, which are intracellular and cytoplasmic receptors. We analyzed the role of NODs for cytokine production by macrophages infected with intracellular pathogen M. leprae, the causative agent of leprosy. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ was inhibited in the presence of cytochalasin D, an agent blocking phagocytosis, suggesting that intracellular signaling was, partially, required for macrophage activation to M. leprae infection. Next, we investigated the role of NOD1 and NOD2 proteins on NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and cytokine expression. Treatment with M. leprae significantly increased NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ in NOD1- and NOD2-transfected cells. Interestingly, their activation and expression were inhibited by cytochalasin D, suggesting that stimulation of NOD proteins may be associated with the enhancement of cytokine production in host to M. leprae.