• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.337-356
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of the Astronomical Learning Program Using IIM on Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes in the elementary scientific gifted students. For this purpose, this research developed the Astronomical Learning Program Using IIM. This program was totally consisted 7 lessen. There was 7 part in this program. It contained Select the subject (step 1), The aim settings (step 2), Collect the data (step 3), Doing inquiry (step 4), An aim evaluation (step 5), Making a report (step 6), Announcing (step 7). To find the effect of the Astronomical Learning Program Using IIM on Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes in the elementary scientific gifted students. 20 participants was selected. These students were attended at a scientific gifted class(3rd grade) of an elementary school located in Ulsan. First, Science Process Skills test and Scientific Attitudes test was used to find the effect of the Astronomical Learning Program Using IIM. And the results were analyzed by SPSS WIN 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. First, the Astronomical Learning Program Using IIM was a positive effects on Science Process Skills of elementary scientific gifted students (F=4.920, p=.021). Second, the Astronomical Learning Program Using IIM was a positive effects on Scientific Attitudes of the elementary scientific gifted students (F=11.244, p=.001). According to this research, the Astronomical Learning program Using IIM was verified to improve Science Process Skills and Scientific Attitudes on the elementary scientific gifted students. It will be contribute on the curriculum construction of the gifted school or gifted class.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of IIM-based science writhing lesson on the science process skills and self-directed learning in elementary science-gifted students. To verify research problems, the subjects of this study were forth-grade students selected from one classes of an elementary science-gifted class in Busan National Universty of education : the research group is composed of twenty students who were participated in IIM-based science writing lessons. During 12 weeks, the IIM-based science writing lessons was executed in the reasearch group. Post-test showed following results: First, the research group showed a significant improvement in the science process skill. We look into detailly this, the research group showed a significant improvement in the basis science skill. The sub-factor 'expectation' of the science process skill effects a significant improvement. Second, the research group showed a significant improvement in the self-directed learning. In conclusion, IIM-based science writing lesson was more effective on science process skill and self-directed learning. However, since the study has a limit on an object of the study and the applied program, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of higher grades in elementary the science process skill and Academic Achievement by IIM. To verify research problem, the subject of this study were five-grade students selected from One classes of an elementary school located in Ulsan : the experimental group is composed of thirty-four students who were participated in IIM teaching model situation. During six weeks, the IIM learning-based instruction was executed in th experimental group. Post-test showed following results: First, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the science process skill. We look into detailly this, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the basis science process skill. In particular, The sub-factor 'Observation', 'Measurement', 'expectation' of the science process skill effects a significant improvement. Second, the experimental group did showed a significant improvement in the Academic Achievement. In conclusion, IIM teaching model was more effective on science process skill and Academic Achievement. However, since the study has a limit on an objet of the study and the applied curriculum, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and curriculum.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.699-707
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• 2009

This research was composed over a period of 10 times and was performed to be conducted in an environmental education class for 4 months from September to December of 2008 by selecting 32 experimental group students and 32 control group students from OO Middle School in the Busan area. An environmental education program utilizing lIM(independent investigation method) was composed by selecting a theme for environmental education among the environmental curriculum in middle schools. The results of analyzing the effects which influence environmental sensitivity and environment-friendly behaviors after applying the environmental education program utilizing IIM are as follows. First, it was revealed that the environmental education program utilizing IIM is more effective among experimental group students than control group students in regards to environment-friendly sensitivity. Second, it was revealed that the environmental education program utilizing IIM is more effective among experimental group students than control group students in regards to environment- friendly behaviors. Third, it was seen that even students responded very favorably toward environmental education program utilizing IIM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.148-157
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of small group inquiry activities using IIM on the science process skills and scientific attitudes of students in higher elementary grades. To verify research problems, the subjects of this study were fifth-grade students selected from two classes of an elementary school located in Busan : the research group was composed of thirty students who participated in small group inquiry activities using IIM teaching model situation, and the other was composed of thirty students(comparative group) who participated in a teacher map- based learning situation. For six weeks, the small group inquiry activities using IIM were executed in the research group, while the teacher-map based instruction was conducted in the comparative group Test showed the following results: First, the research group showed a significant improvement in their science process skills compared to the comparative group. Second, the research group did not show a significant improvement in their scientific attitudes compared to the comparative group. In conclusion, small group inquiry activities using the IIM teaching model was more effective than the teacher map-based teaching model on science process skills. However, since the study has a limit on the object of the study and the applied curriculum, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and curriculum.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.112-116
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• 2022

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is known for its association with malignant diseases. Moreover, various solid organ malignancies, such as ovarian, breast, lung, esophageal, stomach, and colorectal cancers, have been reported to occur with IIM. Furthermore, its relationship with hematologic malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, and leukemia, has been reported. However, to date, IIM related to pancreatic cancer has scarcely been reported, particularly in patients with polymyositis (PM). Therefore, here we report a case of PM developed immediately after the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper aims to identify and rank factors that influence impulse buying behavior among shoppers in Dubai. Research design, data, and methodology - Questionnaires were collected from 168 Dubai shoppers using non-probability quota sampling. Factor Analysis was completed to identify factors triggering impulse buying traits. Results - Six antecedent factors were identified: hedonism, in-store influences, product related influences, socialization, promotional activities, and convenience. Surprisingly, product related influences were the most significant in stimulating impulse buying behavior. Conclusions - This research suggests that a multitude of factors affect shopper propensity for impulse buying, with non-economic factors like product and in-store related influences having a significant impact. Hence, retail managers should concentrate on these in merchandising and promotional efforts. Against the backdrop of Dubai, one of the biggest retail destinations, this study contributes to present knowledge on impulse buying behavior. In terms of shopper inclinations and likeliness to purchase products, it highlights how shoppers respond to special in-store displays and discount offerings. For marketers, the findings regarding relative significance of various factors may help in strategies to attract consumers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to make a Result analysis on the free inquiry Method of elementary school student. also, this study investigates how free inquiry activities effect the science Process skills and environment-friendly attitudes of elementary school student For this study 150, sixth year, elementary school students from Busan city were selected. The inquiry examined the effectiveness of each of the following free inquiry methods: the PBL inquiry, the Project inquiry, the IIM inquiry, the small group inquiry and the science notebooks inquiry. The students were divided into groups in which they incorporated the respective methods into their practice. Test showed the following results: The environmental class which applies a free inquiry method(PBL inquiry, Project inquiry, IIM inquiry, small group inquiry and science notebooks) was effective in science process skills improvement. Second, The environmental class which applies a free inquiry method((PBL inquiry, Project inquiry, IIM inquiry, small group inquiry and science notebooks) was effective in environment-friendly attitude improvement.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 2021

In an integral-imaging microscopy (IIM) system, a microlens array (MLA) is the primary optical element; however, surface errors impede the resolution of a raw image's details. Calibration is a major concern with regard to incorrect projection of the light rays. A ray-tracing-based calibration method for an IIM camera is proposed, to address four errors: MLA decentering, rotational, translational, and subimage-scaling errors. All of these parameters are evaluated using the reference image obtained from the ray-traced white image. The areas and center points of the microlens are estimated using an "8-connected" and a "center-of-gravity" method respectively. The proposed approach significantly improves the rectified-image quality and nonlinear image brightness for an IIM system. Numerical and optical experiments on multiple real objects demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of our proposed method, which achieves on average a 35% improvement in brightness for an IIM raw image.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.29A no.8
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• pp.89-98
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• 1992

IIM(Implantation Into Metal) process usning Co silicides has been investigated to obtain ultra-shallow junctions less than 0.1$\mu$m. Rapid Thermal Annealing using halogen lamps was employed to form CoSi$_2$ and junctions simultaneously.. Resistivities of CoSi$_2$ were 13-17$\mu$ $\Omega$-cm. CoSi$_2$/p$^{+}$/Si and CoSi$_2$/n$^{+}$/Si junction were formed by diffusion of B and As, respectively, from Co film. It was found out that B and As were severely lost by the evaporation during high temperature annealing Therefore SiO$_2$ capping layers were introduced to prevent the evaporation of the implanted dopants from the films. Investigation of the behavior of dopants with respect to annealing time revealed that increasing the annealing time enhanced the diffusion of dopants into Si from CoSi$_2$.