• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.454-461
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• 1988

Myasthenia gravis is a functional neuromuscular disorder with characteristic voluntary muscle weakness. The role of thymus in pathogenesis of this disorder has become apparent that thymectomy in treatment has gained acceptance. Between January 1976 and June 1987, twenty patients underwent thymectomy for myasthenia gravis at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University. A clinical study that is focused on the factors affecting the operative results was analyzed and the following results were obtained. Among the 20 patients, male to female ratio was 8:12 and the age of onset was ranged from 3 years to 67 years. The chief complaints in order of frequency were as follows; ocular symptoms such as ptosis and diplopia[7 cases], general weakness[4 cases], swallowing difficulty[3 cases], dyspnea[3 cases], dysphasia[1 case], headache[1 case] and dizziness[1 case]. The severity of disease was classified by modified Osserman`s method that Group IIa was 8 cases, Group IIb; 7 cases, Group IIc; 3 cases and Group I; 2 cases. In histopathology of thymus, the most frequent finding was hyperplasia[11 cases] followed by thymoma[4 cases], normal tissue[3 cases] and malignant` thymoma[2 cases]. There were two cases of postoperative complications; one case was wound infection and the other was mediastinitis. One case of malignant thymoma died due to respiratory failure with pulmonary metastasis. There was 16 cases[80%] of improvement after thymectomy as follows; complete remission was 4 cases[20%], marked improvement was 9 cases[45%] and subjective improvement only was 3 cases[15%]. The effect of severity and duration of disease on operative result has statistically significant. The effect of thymus histopathology on operative result was not statistically significant. But there were comparable results between thymoma cases and non-thymoma cases.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2002

In this study, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association collected 12,152 gastric cancer patients (5,380 in 1995, 6,772 in 1999) from 29 hospitals. Twelve clinicopathological factorssex, age, operation date, tumor location, size, operation method, gross type of early gastric cancer, Borrmann type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, stage-were summarized in a database file and analyzed. Chronological change has been evaluated between the patients in 1995 and those in 1999. Proportion of early gastric cancer has been increased from $28.6\%$ in 1995 to $32.8\%$ in 1999. The UICC staging was $25.3\%$ (1995), $29.3\%$ (1999) for stage Ia, $12.7\%,\;13.9\%$, for stage Ib, $15.7\%,\;14.8\%$, for stage II, $15.2\%,\;13.2\%$, for stage IIIa, $8.2\%,\;6.3\%$, for stage IIIb, and $20.1\%,\;18.1\%$, for stage IV. The operation of each year was subtotal gastrectomy ($67.6\%,\;67.3\%$), total gastrectomy ($26.6\%,\;24.1\%$), proximalgastrectomy ($0.3\%,\;3.6\%$), wedge resection ($0.1\%,\;0.5\%$), bypass surgery ($2.3\%,\;1.8\%$), and open biopsy ($3.1\%,\;2.7\%$). In early gastric cancer, type IIc was the most common ($44.5\%$ in 1995, $42.8\%$ in 1999). The incidence of upper one-third cancer was slightly increased in 1999 ($12.5\%$) than 1995 ($11.2\%$), which is reflected in the increased prox-imal gastrectomy in 1999 (207 cases, $3.6\%$). There was no significant difference between either groups regarding the regional differences.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter-laminar fracture toughness characteristics of CFRP pultrusion spar cap materials reinforced with non-woven glass fabric. Test specimens were fabricated by the infusion technique. A non-woven glass fabric and artificial defects were embedded on the middle surface between two pultruded CFRP panels. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and End Notched Flexure (ENF) tests were performed according to ASTM standards. Fracture toughness and crack propagation characteristics were evaluated with load-displacement curves and delamination resistance curves (R-Curve). The fracture toughness results were calculated by compliance calibration (CC) method. The initiation and propagation values of Mode-I critical strain energy release rate value G_Ic were 1.357 kJ/m2 and 1.397 kJ/m2, respectively, and Mode-II critical strain energy release rate values G_IIc were 4.053 kJ/m2 for non-precracked test and 4.547 kJ/m2 for precracked test. It was found that the fracture toughness properties of the CFRP pultrusion spar-cap are influenced by the interface between the layers of CFRP and glass fiber non-woven.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

Purpose: The superficial spreading type of early gastric cancer has different clinicopathologic features from other types of early gastric cancer in terms of its invasiveness and lymph-node metastases. Therefore, we attempted to elucidate the pathological features, surgical procedures and patients prognoses. Materials and Methods: Clinical information was reviewed for patients who had undergone a gastrectomy for gastric cancer during an 8-year period ($1995\~2002$) at Dankook University Hospital and Ulsan University, with an average follow-up of 48 months. Three hundred (300) superficial spreading lesions were analyzed with respect to macroscopic type, lymph-node (LN) metastasis, recurrent pattern, survival rate and method of surgical operation. In addition, the clinicopathological features of the superficial spreading type were compared with those of 739 other patients with small-sized cancer. Results: In both groups, the IIc-type macroscopic lesion, the elevated subtype to be more specific, occurred most frequently. There was no significant difference in the method of surgery between the groups. The submucosal invasion was $39.8\%$ in small-sized cancer, and $61.7\%$ in superficial spreading cancer (P=0.005). The incidence of LN metastasis was $11.3\%$ in early gastric cancer, $7.8\%$ in small-sized cancer and $20.0\%$ in superficial spreading cancer (P=0.005). The incidence of lymphatic invasion was $4.6\%$ in small-sized cancer and $13.0\%$ in superficial spreading cancer (P=0.009). The incidence of recurrence was $1.4\%$ in small-sized cancer and $3.6\%$ in superficial spreading cancer. The overall 5-year survival rate was $84.8\%$ in superficial spreading cancer and $93.0\%$ in small-sized cancer (P=0.052). The 5-year diseasefree survival rate was $94.7\%$ in superficial spreading cancer and $87.5\%$ in small-sized cancer (P=0.053). Conclusion: The superficial spreading type of early gastric cancer tends to be more invasive and to show a higher incidence of lymph-node metastasis than small-sized early gastric cancer. A wide resection with extensive lymph-node dissection seems to be an appropriate treatment for a superficial spreading type of early gastric cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

Despite significant advance in laparoscopy, upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series is still generally carried out for preoperative localization of gastrectomy. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of UGI series and postoperative pathological findings in the diagnosis and localization of gastric cancer. A retrospective review was carried out for 102 patients who underwent gastrectomy between October 2007 and April 2009. Preoperative reports of UGI series were compared with postoperative pathology reports and the accuracy of the preoperative reports was calculated. Two radiographer retrospectively reviewed the analysis of UGI series. postoperative pathology reports of the surgical specimens, were compared with the preoperative reports of the location and extent of the tumor were correct in 81 case("sure", 79.4%) and incorrect in 21 case("failed, 20.6%). In 92 case UGI series revealed intestinal metaplasia (90.2%) at consensus review and these results demonstrate the limitation of the UGI series in the diagnosis of type IIb gastric cancer with size less than 1.0cm and the poor detection of gastric cancer is that the overlying mucous membrane often appears to be normal in these patients. In conclusion, UGI series is accurate the detection of the tumor localization and diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia. However, for the overcome with the limitation of UGI series should be used accurate technique for the region of the stomach. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to determine the changes of the mucus membrane of the stomach and UGI series is gaining acceptance as a standard method for preoperative gastric cancer screening.