• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.971-976
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• 2008

목 적 : 결핵 감염 관리에 있어서 잠복 결핵 감염을 찾아 내어 예방적 화학요법을 시행하는 것은 주요 핵심이다. 결핵에 노출된 소아에서 잠복 결핵 감염 진단을 위해 투베르쿨린 피부반응과 최근 널리 쓰이기 시작한 체외 검사법으로 결핵 특이항원 자극에 의한 T 세포의 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 분비능 측정 (QFT-G IT)이 있다. 잠복 결핵 감염 진단에 있어 두 검사법의 차이를 알아보고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 10월 1일부터 2007년 4월 30일까지 6개월 간 총 111명의 소아를 대상으로 투베르쿨린 반응과 QFT-G IT 검사를 시행하였고, 동일 기간 내인 2개월 간 진단 된 성인 결핵 환자 29명에서 동일한 검사 결과를 후향적으로 알아보았다. 결 과 : 결핵 환자와의 가까운 접촉력을 주소로 내원한 무증상의 환자 33명 중 15% (5명)에서 QFT-G IT 검사 양성 소견을 보였고, 투베르쿨린 피부반응은 42% (14명)에서 양성결과를 보여 두 검사 간의 일치율은 낮았다(${\kappa}=0.39$). 성인 결핵 환자에서 QFT-G IT 양성율은 86.2%였고, 결핵균 배양 검사 양성율은 48.2%였다. 배양검사 양성이면서 QFT-G IT 음성이었던 환자는 12.5%였다. 결 론 : 소아에서 잠복 결핵 감염을 진단함에 있어 가족력을 근저에 둔 투베르쿨린 피부반응 검사를 시행하되 접촉력이 불분명하거나 지속적이지 않았을 경우 혹은 BCG 접종 효과로 의심되는 경우 결핵균 특이항원 자극 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 분비능 측정이 보조적 수단으로 사용 될 수 있을 지는 아직 확실하지 않으며 향후 수년 간 다 기관 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.156.1-156.1
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• 2003

Cerarmide acts as a lipid second messenger in the cellular signal transduction and is involved in mediating a variety of cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of ceramide on cellular cytotoxity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to understand the relationship between them. Ceramide treatment significantly increased cell death in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-g (IFN-g). (omitted)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2007

In order to determine the role of Peyer's patch lymphocytes (PPL) in self-clearing of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in murine models, changes in PPL subsets, their cytokine expression, and in vitro IgG1 and IgA secretions by PPL were observed in primary- and challenge-infected C57BL/6 mice. In primary-infected mice, the percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, slgA+ B cells, IL-2+ T cells, and $IFN-{\gamma}+$ T cells among the PPL, increased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 10 post-infection (PI). Secretion of IgG1 and IgA in vitro by PPL also increased on day 10 PI. However, all these responses, with the exception of IgG1 and IgA secretions, decreased in challenge-infected mice on day 7 post-challenge (= day 13 PI); their IgG1 and IgA levels were higher (P > 0.05) than those in primary-infected mice. The results suggest that murine PPL play an important role in self-clearing of primary C. parvum infections through proliferation of CD4+, CD8+, IL-2+, and $IFN-{\gamma}+$ T cells, and IgG1 and IgA-secreting 8 cells. In challenge infections, the role of T cells is reduced whereas that of 8 cells secreting IgA appeared to be continuously important.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.172-183
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• 1999

연구배경: 산화질소(${\cdot}NO$)는 여러 세포에서 산화질소 합성효소(NOS)에 의해서 생산되며 다양한 병태생리과정에 관여한다. 여러 cytokine들이 iNOS의 발현을 촉진시키고 산화질소 생산을 증가시킴으로써 염증반응을 증폭시키고 세포와 조직손상을 초래한다고 알려진 바, 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)가 세포내 NOS의 발현과 산화질소형성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 마우스 대식세포주 RAW264.7에 여러 가지 cytokine과 세균 내독소 (LPS)로 자극을 준 세포군 이에 더하여 $H_2O_2$, NOS 억제제 (L-NAME) 및 항산화제 (catalase)등을 사용하여 세포를 자극한 후 생성된 산화질소 산화물의 농도를 측정하고 Northern analysis로 iNOS mRNA의 발현정도를 보아 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 결과: Cytokine과 LPS 자극군에서 대조군보다 ${\cdot}NO$ 생산이 높았고, 이 자극군에 $H_2O_2$를 추가로 자극하였을 때 ${\cdot}NO$생산이 2 배 이상 유의하게 높았다. Cytokine 자극군에서 $H_2O_2$의 자극 농도에 따른 ${\cdot}NO$생산은 $H_2O_2$의 농도가 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하였다. LPS와 IFN-$\gamma$ 자극군에서 L-NAME을 같이 자극시에 ${\cdot}NO$의 양은 L-NAME의 농도증가에 따라 유의하게 감소하였고, Cytokine 및 $H_2O_2$자극군에서도 추가로 자극한 L-NAME 의 농도증가에 따라 ${\cdot}NO$의 양은 유의하게 감소하였다. Cytokine과 $H_2O_2$ 자극균에 catalase를 같이 자극 하였을 때 ${\cdot}NO$의 양은 유의하게 감소했고, Mercaptoethanol과 phenanthroline을 전처치하고 LPS와 IFN-$\gamma$ 및 $H_2O_2$로 자극한 군에서 이들의 전처치한 농도가 높을수록 ${\cdot}NO$의 양은 유의하게 Cytokine자극군과 IFN-$\gamma$, LPS 자극군에 $H_2O_2$를 추가 자극 후 Northern analysis 결과 $H_2O_2$는 iNOS mRNA 발현을 현저히 증가시켰다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 과산화수소가 cytokine과 내독소 등으로 자극된 마우스 대식세포에서 산화질소생산에 유의한 증폭효과를 나타냈고, iNOS mRNA 의 발현도 증가시켰음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2007

Objective : The application of Sam So Eum (蔘蘇飮, SSE) as a herbal medicine to treat asthma in mice has been studied and the mechanism of cytokine production in asthmatic mice was discussed. Recently, SSE was known to have anti-allergic activity. However, its therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. Methods : So, we investigated the effects of SSE on levels of several cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using flow cytometric analysis in allergen-induced asthma. Results : In this experiment, SSE decreased levels of IL-la, IL-17 and GM-CSF respectively. Contrary, SSE restored level of IFN-g toward naive level in BALF. Conclusion : In conclusion, we demonstrate that SSE is useful to treat asthma and it's therapeutic mechanisms are involved in Thl skewing reaction.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

The effect of immune activation by Echinacea purpurea was investigated by measuring total immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM. and the radioprotective effect of immune activation by Echinacea purpurea was investigated by measuring T lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of mice following whole body irradiation. Echinacea purpurea activated macrophages to stimulate $IFN-{\gamma}$ production in association with the secondary activation of T lymphocytes, resulting in a decrease in IgG and IgM production. Cytokines released from macrophages in mouse peripheral blood after Echinacea purpurea administration activated helper T cells to proliferate. In addition, activated macrophages in association with the secondary T lymphocyte activation increased $IFN-{\gamma}$ production and stimulated proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and suppressor T cells, indicating the activation of cell-mediated immune responses.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.253-257
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• 2015

In vitro 실험을 통한 가시오가피 물 추출물 첨가가 마우스의 면역세포 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 결과, 음의 대조군에 비해 가시오가피 물 추출물을 첨가한 모든 농도에서 비장세포 증식능이 증가하였으며, 특히 고농도인 $500{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 반면, 복강 대식세포로부터 유도된 사이토카인 생성의 경우, IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ 사이토카인 생성량을 측정한 결과, TNF-${\alpha}$ 사이토카인은 가시오가피 물 추출물 $50{\mu}g/mL$ 농도와 $250{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 대조군보다 유의적으로 높은 분비량을 보인 반면, IFN-${\gamma}$에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. IL-2의 경우, $100{\sim}500{\mu}g/mL$에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보여주었다. 이상의 결과에 의하면 가시오가피 물 추출물은 마우스 비장 세포를 증식시키고, 사이토카인 분비량에도 영향을 줄 것으로 보이며, 면역 기관의 주요 기능을 증진시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 가시오가피 물 추출물이 면역 증진 기능성식품 개발의 소재로 활용될 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2001

We previously reported that acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng induced the proliferation lymphocytes and the generation of activated killer cells. Here we found that polysaccharide (PG-75) precipitated with 75% EtOH from water extract of Panax ginseng also has both in vitron and in vivo hematopoietic activities. In vitro studied with bone marrow cells from BALB/c mouse revealed that PG-75 had direct effect on hematopoietic colony-forming cell(CFC) growth, increased granulocyte macrophage-colony forming cell numbers by 1.59 fold over than non-treated. the ability of PG-75 to modulate hematopoiesis in vivo was evaluated the bone marrow and spleen celluarity, granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells. BALB/c female mice were administered G-75 intraperitoneally, PG-75 was found to significantly increase the number of BM cells, spleen cells, GM-CFU on 3 hours after injection. PG-75 was also able to induce significant augmentation of GM-CSF and IFN-${\gamma}$, production in sera. These studies illustrate than PG-75 has hematopoietic activities and that this agent may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of radio- or chemotherapy-associated myelosuppression.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2007

In the course of novel TLR (Toll like receptor) 9 ligand, we found novel CpG ODN (Oligodeoxynucleotide) was active in augmenting antibody in mice. However, immune mechanism of new CpG ODNs is unclear. To clarify this, we examined immunoadjuvanticity by employing in vitro and in vivo immune profiles. In brief, in vitro treatment of novel CpG ODN upregulated the expression of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, and IL-12 mRNA in macrophages as well as that of IFN-$gamma$ mPNA in mouse splenocytes. In parallel, in vivo injection of novel CpG ODN directly activates macrophages and splenocytess, consequently upregulating MHC class II and CD86. Finally, we demonstrated anti-HBs antibody augmentation of novel CpG ODN. Collectively, this data indicates that novel CpG ODN is immunoadjuvant armed with Th1 typed immune machinery.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2015

Bangpungtongseong-san(BPTSS, Fangfengtongsheng-san in Chineses) is a traditional herbal formula comprising 18 medicinal herbs. In the present study, we performed the simultaneous analysis for four compounds of BPTSS and examined anti-allergic effects in human keratinocytes and mouse splenocytes. The column for separation of four compounds was used Luna C18 column and maintained at 40℃. The mobile phase for gradient elution consisted of two solvent systems. The analysis was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with PDA detection at 254 and 280 nm. To evaluate production and expression of Th2 chemokines, ELISA and RT-PCR were conducted in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells with or without BPTSS or silymarin, a positive control for skin inflammation. To measure Th2 cytokines, primary mouse splenocytes were treated with BPTSS and performed ELISA for interleukin (IL)-4, 5, 13. Calibration curves were acquired with r2>0.9999. The contents of geniposide, liquiritin, baicalin, and glycyrrhizin in BPTSS were 5.06 ㎎/g, 7.33 ㎎/g, 27.56 ㎎/g, and 7.81 ㎎/g, respectively. BPTSS reduced TARC and RANTES production and mRNA expression in TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells. BPTSS inhibited IL-4, 5, and 13 production in mouse splenocytes. Our data will be a helpful information to upgrade quality control and anti-allergic effects of BPTSS.