• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 2004

As a part of epidemiologic investigation of tsutsugamushi disease, the wild rodents which were captured in Gyeongnam area were diagnosed with indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to find if they have an antibody against Orientia tsutsugamushi. The conclusion was drawn as followings. (1) The captured 58 wild rodents showed that the subspecies distribution of Apodemus agrarius was 86.2%, Microtus fortis was 8.6% and Crocidura lasiura was 5.2%. (2) The antibody positive rate of O. tsutsugamushi Gilliam, Karp, Karto and Boryong by IFA method was 32.0% in Apodemus agrarius among 50 wild rodents and 40.0% in Microtus fortis among 5 wild rodents, respectively. It was negative in the case of all the 3 Crocidura lasiura. (3) The antibody titers on Apodemus agrarius, Microtus fortis and Crocidura lasiura against Gilliam, Karp, Karto and Boryong were measured between 1:20 and 1:640. The antibody titer against each antigen was in the order Boryong>Gilliam>Karp. (4) O. tsutsugamushi was detected from the blood, spleen and kidney from the artificially infected mice by IFA and PCR. IFA showed the positive response between 3 and 18 days after inoculation. On the other hand, positive response was found from all the samples by PCR. (5) From PCR of the genomic DNA extracted from the blood, spleen and kidney samples of the captured wild rodents, Boryong-specific amplification product with size of 210 bp, which is particular in Boryong, was detected from spleen and kidney samples, but not detected in the blood. (6) Boryong-specific amplification product was detected from spleen and kidney samples which were obtained at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 days after the infection with Boryong. But, it wasn't detected from the uninfected samples. (7) From PCR of spleen and kidney samples of the captured wild rodents, it was found that positive rate of O. tsutsugamushi in Apodemus agrarius and Microtus fortis were 25.0% (4/16) and 20.0% (1/5), respectively. From the above results, it can be concluded that Apodemus agrarius resided in Gyeongnam area carried O. tsutsugamushi and PCR method might be a simple, precise, rapid and useful diagnostic tool than IFA for the diagnosis of O. tsutsugamushi.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.303-330
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• 2017

This paper examines the origin of the current Nigerian Yoruba artistic and cultural tradition through ancient artifacts and creation myths centered on $Il{\acute{e}}-If{\acute{e}}$ (or $If{\acute{e}}$) located in the southwestern part of Nigeria and recognition of cultural relativity. In the oral tradition, kingdoms of Ijebu, Oyo, and Benin all have their origins in the ancient city of $Il{\acute{e}}-If{\acute{e}}$, the cradle of Yoruba culture. Their founders were sons of Oduduwa, the god of Yoruba. In this way, kingdoms built around $Il{\acute{e}}-Ife$ were closely connected with culture, religion, and society. In order to understand the Yoruba culture, research on $Il{\acute{e}}-Ife$, the source of their artistic and cultural traditions, is very important. The Yoruba are deeply rooted in $Il{\acute{e}}-Ife$. They have been steadily preserving their artistry since the beginning. They have been using it in their lives to this day for centuries. Their evidences are mythology and Ifa divination system. They are cultural heritages that represent the art of Yoruba and the spiritual culture. Ifa devination system is one of Yoruba traditions associated with Yoruba gods 'Eshu' and 'Ifa'. It has been conducted among the Yoruba until now. If the culture and civilization of Africa, including these Yoruba traditional customs, are deemed illogical and superstitious, it would mislead their efforts to preserve the origin in its original form. If so, one should understand the relativity of other cultures and civilizations and the need for diversity and flexibility of value standards to judge their cultures and civilizations.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.512-518
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• 1991

TSI IFA 100 Thermal anemometer와 같이 자동화된 유속계라 할지라도, 사용자가 조정해야 하는 과열비, 인덕턴스 등과 같은 인자가 있다. 이와 같은 조정의 문제 외에도 오차를 고려해야 하는 많은 요소가 있다. 이들 중 주위 유체의 온도 변화에 대한 영향 등에 깊은 이해를 가지고 있어야 정밀계측을 가능하게 할 것이다. 그 예로서 자동차에서 사용되는 정온도형 열선유속계 형의 공기유량계는 주위온도 보상을 위한 회로가 내장되어 동절기와 하절기 사이의 온도차를 보상하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Information Systems Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.184-195
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 게이트의 길이가 0.25㎛인 GaAs HEM를 이용하여 11.7㎓-12.2㎓ 대역 위성통신용 수신기를 설계하였다. 설계된 수신기의전체이득은 38㏈이상, 잡음지수 1.8㏈이하, 입출력단의 반사손실은 -10㏈이하를 보였다. 수신기는 저잡음증폭기(LNA), 중간주파수증폭기(IFA), 믹서, 국부발진기(LO)로 구성되어 있으며 LO 주파수와 IF 주파수는 각각 10.75㎓와 0.95㎓-1.45㎓이고 칩의 크기는 1.7㎜×2.5㎜이다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.119-233
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 게이트의 길이가 0.25$\mu\textrm{m}$dlsGaAs HEMT(High Electron Mobility Transistor)를 이용하여 11.7GHz-12.2GHz 대역 위성통신용 수신기를 설계하였다. 설계된 수신기의 전체이득은 38dB 이상, 잡음지수 1.8dB 이하, 입출력단의 반사손실은 -10dB 이하를 보였다. 수신기는 저잡음증폭기(LNA), 중간주파수증폭기(IFA) , 믹서(Mixer), 국부발진기(LO) 로 구성되어 있으며 LO 주파수와 IF 주파수는 각각 10.75GHz 와 0.95GHz-1.45GHz이고 칩의 크기는 1.7mm $\times$2.5mm이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.184-195
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 게이트의 길이가 0.25um인 GaAs HEMT를 이용하여 11.7GHz -12.2GHz 대역 위성통신용 수신기를 설계하였다. 설계된 수신기의 전체이득은 38dB 이상, 잡음지수 1.8dB 이하, 입출력단의 반사손실은 -10dB 이하를 보였다. 수신기는 저잡음증폭기(LNA), 중간주파수증폭기(IFA) , 믹서, 국부발진기(LO) 로 구성되어 있으며 LO 주파수와 IF 주파수는 각각 10.75GHz 와 0.95GHz-1.45GHz이고 칩의 크기는 1.7mm $\times$2.5mm이다.

• 비료회보
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• s.556
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• pp.18-30
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• 2003

본 검토는 지난 5년간의 비료거래 패턴에 대한 것으로 IFA 사무국의 전무이사인 루크 매네(Luc Maene)는 거래량의 꾸준한 증가를 야기한 요인을 검토하고 있다. 저자는 비료 수출이 필수자원이 풍부한 수많은 개발도상국에게는 수익을 창출하는 중요한 통로가 되었으며 개발도상국이 원자재보다는 부가가치 상품의 수출에 주력하면서 지난 20년간 비료 생산이 이들 국가로 옮겨갔다고 지적하고 있다. 물류비가 큰 비료는 생산에 사용되는 원료로 인해 비료 수송에는 많은 비용이 들뿐만 아니라 원료 생산지와 가능하면 근접한 곳에서 원료를 가공해야 한다. 본 자료는 2003년 7월 $13\~15$일 사이 키 비스케인에서 열린 제 14회 British Sulphur's Latin America Conference에서 처음 발표되었다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1999

Isolation of PRRSV was attempted from 646 swine sera collected from swine farms. The MARC-145 cell, which is highly permissive to PRRSV, was used for virus isolation, propagation, IFA test, and VN test. Total 36 cytopathic viruses to MARC-145 cells were isolated. The virus isolates were identified as a PRRSV by the IFA test and VN test using the reference sera prepared by experimental infection of reference PRRSV CNV-1 into 30 day-old pig. In addition to serological conformation, ORF5 of genomic RNA of 6 selected cytopathic viruses were amplified by the RT-PCR. The resulting PCR products were examined by electrophoresis in 1.2% agarose gel. An appropriate bands of about 680bp including the flanking sequence of total 80bp were seen on agarose gel.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.859-866
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Neopsora (N) caninum infection in Korean dairy herds. To determine the prevalence of antibodies to N caninum in Korean dairy cattle, a total of 1,688 sera including 895 sera taken from 30 herds having recent high abortion rate and 793 sera selected randomly from 168 herds with no history of recent abortion problem, respectively, collected nationwide during a designated period were analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Mean nationwide seropositive rate of the sera tested in herds and individual cattle tested were 53.5% and 35.6%, respectively. However mean seropositive rate of the samples from herds having abortion problem was approximately two and half times higher than those in herds with no recent abortion history. Regional seropositive rates of the samples from the herds with abortion problem were 48.6%, 51.6%, 44.4% and 71.4% at Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk and Jeonnam province, respetively. Regional seropositive rates of the samples from the herds with no recent abortion problem were 35.6%, 18.3%, 16.5%, 37.5%, 19.4%, 33.3%, 32.1%, 3.8% and 0.0% at Kyunggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Kyungbuk, Kyungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Jeju province, respectively. The results of this study suggested that N caninum infection was widespread and considerably associated with bovine abortion in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to suggest a method for estimating rainfall-runoff relationship using runoff analysis with satellite rainfall and global geographic data for the region due to lack of observed data. This study uses CMORPH and GSMaP_NRT as satellite rainfall data, and GTOPO30 and GLCC as global geographic data. IFAS is used for runoff modeling. In the evaluation of rainfall data, the correlation coefficients of CMORPH and GSMaP_NRT with observed data are 0.37 and 0.30 respectively. Calculated peak runoffs using IFAS show small relative errors with observed data in case of parameters are not calibrated with satellite rainfall data. Therefore, the methods suggested in this study could be applied to ungauged watershed. In the future, this study will analyze runoff for North Korea, a representative inaccessible region, using satellite rainfall and global geographic data.