• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Purpose - This study focuses on new type distribution channel that named as Omnichannel. Omnichannel is developed from Multichannel which is used in many distribution channels to buy or selling goods. Omnichannel basically needs an Information and Communications Technologies(ICT) to use, so researcher conduct a Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) to research model. Customer-brand relationship was used as dependent variable to focus on the role of Omnichannel. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study is customer who purchase goods or service through omnichannel. Based on the literature from the preceding research analysis of TAM and customer-brand relationship, this study was constructed by the reference to previous studies, final research model design for figure out casual relationship among perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, omnichannel use and customer-brand relationship. From 2016 February 3 to March 17, questionnaire survey targeted customers who use online and offline channels. 273 questionnaire survey had conducted, then, 252 survey data were available for empirical analysis. Researcher provide descriptive statistics for checking generality. Cronbach's alpha value was used to check the reliability of data. Exploratory factor analysis was used for purification of values and eigenvalue checking. After EFA, Confirmatory factor analysis was used to prepare structural equation modeling with executing structural equation modeling for confirming hypothesis which developed by researcher. Results - The main results of this empirical study are as follows. First, omnichannel's perceived ease of use has positive significant effect on perceived usefulness(estimate: 0.579). Moreover, omnichannel's perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness has positive significant effect on omnichannel use(estimate: 0.325,0.648). Second, using omnichannel has positive significant effect on brand-customer relationship(estimate: 0.521). Every hypothesis adopted as researcher designed. This study found out the intermediate relationship between perceived ease of use and omnichannel use by investigating hypothesis. Conclusions - Base on the empirical result, this study confirmed that TAM theory perceived has relation with omnichannel. First, factors of TAM has positive effect on omnichannel use, so it highlights the important role of customer based interface and usefulness. Especially, perceived usefulness has high indirect influence on ease of use and use of omnichannel. It seems that when customers try to decide use or not use omnichannel, customers focus on percept benefits from omnichannel. Thus, a provider should applicate attractive price table, accurate product or service information and high switching cost strategy to emphasize the usefulness of omnichannel. Second, using omnichannel enhances the relationship between customers and brand, because there are more time and frequency to serve customers. It is important because good relationship between customers can increase the future's financial performance through word of mouse, positive brand image and loyalty to brand or company. Finally, despite of empirical result and implications, this study has limitations. First, there are only a few previous studies about omnicahnnel, so literature reviews are restricted. While set up the factors which can affect the use of omnichannel, next study should be considered with broader theories or models(ex: contingency theory). Second, omnichannel has developed from multichannel, so comparative analysis is needed between these methods because there is a possibility about different forte character of each distribution system on customer's consuming patterns.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.53-84
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• 2013

With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.

• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2023

코로나19팬데믹을 기점으로 근무방식의 전면적인 변화와 직장 유연성에 대한 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 종업원들이 근무장소와 근무시간을 유연하게 사용할 수 있는 다양한 근무제도에 대한 연구가 많은 반면 보다 넒은 의미에서의 직장 유연성에 대한 연구는 중요성에 비해 부족한 편이다. 이러한 문제인식하에 본 연구는 정보통신 서비스 산업과 제조 산업의 외국계 기업과 국내 상위 50개 대기업에 근무하는 종업원 300명을 대상으로 직장 유연성이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석해 보고자 했다. 직장 유연성을 양적 직장 유연성과 질적 직장 유연성으로 구분하여 연구 변수를 설정하였다. 실증 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 양적 직장 유연성의 유형 중 근무 장소, 근무 연속성과 질적 직장 유연성을 의미하는 업무 자율성과 팀워크의 경우 조직몰입에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 양적 직장 유연성 유형 중 근무 시간의 경우 조직몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 질적 직장 유연성이 양적 직장 유연성에 비해 조직 몰입도 미치는 영향이 강하다는 것을 확인했다. 이러한 연구 결과는 학술적으로는 직장 유연성을 양적인 측면과 질적인 측면을 동시에 고려했다는 점이다. 실무적으로는 질적 직장 유연성 확보를 위해 업무 자율성과 팀워크를 제고할 수 있는 다양한 영역에서 종업원간의 열린 의사소통 및 협업을 촉진할 필요가 있을 것이다. 또한 서로 피드백을 주고받을 수 있는 커뮤니케이션을 촉진하는 조직 분위기 및 업무 환경 조성의 필요성을 제시했다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.611-635
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• 2014

Information systems (IS) have become ubiquitous and changed every aspect of how people live their lives. While some IS have been successfully adopted and widely used, others have failed to be adopted and crowded out in spite of remarkable progress in technologies. Both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the IS Success Model (ISSM), among many others, have contributed to explain the reasons of success as well as failure in IS adoption and usage. While the TAM suggests that intention to use and perceived usefulness lead to actual IS usage, the ISSM indicates that information quality, system quality, and service quality affect IS usage and user satisfaction. Upon literature review, however, we found a significant void in theoretical development and its applications that employ either of the two models, and we raise research questions. First of all, in spite of the causal relationship between intention to use and actual usage, in most previous studies, only intention to use was employed as a dependent variable without overt explaining its relationship with actual usage. Moreover, even in a few studies that employed actual IS usage as a dependent variable, the degree of actual usage was measured based on users' perceptual responses to survey questionnaires. However, the measurement of actual usage based on survey responses might not be 'actual' usage in a strict sense that responders' perception may be distorted due to their selective perceptions or stereotypes. By the same token, the degree of system quality that IS users perceive might not be 'real' quality as well. This study seeks to fill this void by measuring the variables of actual usage and system quality using 'fact' data such as system logs and specifications of users' information and communications technology (ICT) devices. More specifically, we propose an integrated research model that bring together the TAM and the ISSM. The integrated model is composed of both the variables that are to be measured using fact as well as survey data. By employing the integrated model, we expect to reveal the difference between real and perceived degree of system quality, and to investigate the relationship between the perception-based measure of intention to use and the fact-based measure of actual usage. Furthermore, we also aim to add empirical findings on the general research question: what factors influence actual IS usage and how? In order to address the research question and to examine the research model, we selected a mobile campus application (MCA). We collected both fact data and survey data. For fact data, we retrieved them from the system logs such information as menu usage counts, user's device performance, display size, and operating system revision version number. At the same time, we conducted a survey among university students who use an MCA, and collected 180 valid responses. A partial least square (PLS) method was employed to validate our research model. Among nine hypotheses developed, we found five were supported while four were not. In detail, the relationships between (1) perceived system quality and perceived usefulness, (2) perceived system quality and perceived intention to use, (3) perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use, (4) quality of device platform and actual IS usage, and (5) perceived intention to use and actual IS usage were found to be significant. In comparison, the relationships between (1) quality of device platform and perceived system quality, (2) quality of device platform and perceived usefulness, (3) quality of device platform and perceived intention to use, and (4) perceived system quality and actual IS usage were not significant. The results of the study reveal notable differences from those of previous studies. First, although perceived intention to use shows a positive effect on actual IS usage, its explanatory power is very weak ($R^2$=0.064). Second, fact-based system quality (quality of user's device platform) shows a direct impact on actual IS usage without the mediating role of intention to use. Lastly, the relationships between perceived system quality (perception-based system quality) and other constructs show completely different results from those between quality of device platform (fact-based system quality) and other constructs. In the post-hoc analysis, IS users' past behavior was additionally included in the research model to further investigate the cause of such a low explanatory power of actual IS usage. The results show that past IS usage has a strong positive effect on current IS usage while intention to use does not have, implying that IS usage has already become a habitual behavior. This study provides the following several implications. First, we verify that fact-based data (i.e., system logs of real usage records) are more likely to reflect IS users' actual usage than perception-based data. In addition, by identifying the direct impact of quality of device platform on actual IS usage (without any mediating roles of attitude or intention), this study triggers further research on other potential factors that may directly influence actual IS usage. Furthermore, the results of the study provide practical strategic implications that organizations equipped with high-quality systems may directly expect high level of system usage.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2022

Purpose - The field of online videos has seen rapid changes in information and communications technology (ICT) development. Despite active academic research on the use of online platforms, few studies have analyzed the relative importance among the factors determined. In this study, the relative importance of factors found in previous studies was identified for users of online video platforms in China and Korea. Through this, factors that should be considered first in research on online video use were derived. In addition, the quality level of online video platforms currently used in China and Korea was measured and used for analysis. The analysis results can provide information for companies to enter Chinese and Korean markets and also be useful to platform providers aiming to increase usage. Design/methodology - Among the factors of Online Video Usage identified in previous studies, 13 factors to be studied were selected through focus group interviews and hierarchized into 2 layers. For the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), each factor was designed as a pairwise comparison questionnaire. The survey included questions on the quality of online video platform currently in use. Data collection was conducted on 16 platforms in China and 11 platforms in Korea, and the relative importance of factors and user perspectives was compared and analyzed using importance performance analysis (IPA). In the analytical process, platforms were divided into over-the-top (OTT) group and Creator group according to the weight of user-generated content, and data analysis focused on these groups. Findings - As a result of AHP, China and Korea showed both "Fun" and "Interests" factors at the top, while the importance of the Entertainment factor "Vicarious satisfaction" was very different for China and Korea. "Relationship with content creators" was the most important factor in China, but it ranked the lowest in Korea. The IPA showed that the factors with high importance and performance were fun, interests, and easy accessibility for both China and Korea. In contrast, the factors that showed low performance compared to high importance in China were relationship with content creators, relationship with acquaintances/friends, and trustworthiness. As for Korea, vicarious satisfaction was observed; thus, this study has raised the need for academic and industrial interest in vicarious satisfaction. The results show that fun, interests, vicarious satisfaction, and easy accessibility of the platform are factors that must be included in further studies on online videos. Originality/value - Existing studies related to the use of online platforms have derived factors or focused on the influence relationship between factors and performance. However, few studies have analyzed the relative importance among the determined factors. This paper explores factors to be considered in future studies by deriving the relative importance between these factors from the perspective of users in China and Korea.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2022

The meat consumption per person has continuously increased in recent years. However, the labor force in the domestic livestock industry has decreased due to the declining and ageing population. In order to increase productivity, the government have developed and distributed design standard of livestock houses. Presently, report showed that the adaptation rate of the developed livestock house design standard on the real farm was still low. Thus, this paper aimed to find ways to improve the utilization of the design standard through surveys. The survey was conducted on 650 farms across the country. Analysis of the result showed that in the poultry house, the unawareness of farmers to the design standard was found to be the biggest reason for not using the design standards. On the other hand, in the swine house, the previously built swine houses do not fit with the design standard. From these result, the following recommendations were suggested: 1) promotion and education are needed to enhance usage of design standard; 2) since it is impossible to make a design standard considering all the farm sites, it is important to consider the conditions of various farm site prior to enhancement of the design standard; 3) improvement factors such as reinforcing the ventilation design, reflecting animal welfare, preventing livestock diseases, and enhancing ICT devices can also be promoted.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2022

Objectives: To develop the smart sensor to protect worker's health from chemical exposure by adopting ICT (Information and Communications Technology) technologies. Methods: To develope real-time chemical exposure monitoring system, IoT (Internet of Things) sensor technology and regulations were reviewed. We developed and produced smart sensor. A smart sensor is a system consisting of a sensor unit, a communication unit, and a platform. To verify the performance of smart sensors, each sensor has been certified by the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS). Results: Chemicals (TVOC; Total Volatile Organic Compounds, Cl₂: Chlorine, HF: Hydrogen fluoride and HCN: Hydrogen cyanide) were selected according to a priority logic (KOSHA Alert, acute poisoning statistics, literature review). Notifications were set according to OEL (occupational exposure limit). Sensors were selected based on OEL and the capabilities of the sensors. Communication is designed to use LTE (Long Term Evolution) and Wi-Fi at the same time for convenience. Electronic platform were applied to build this monitoring system. Conclusions: Real-time monitoring system for OEL of hazardous chemicals in workplace was developed. Smart sensor can detect chemicals to complement monitoring of traditional workplace environmental monitoring such as short term and peak exposure. Further research is needed to expand the scope of application, improve reliability, and systematically application.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2024

현재 4차 산업 혁명은 다른 혁명처럼 인류에게 커다란 변화와 새로운 삶을 가져다주고 있으며, 특히 빅데이터, 인공지능, ICT 등 다양한 기술들을 합쳐 응용할 수 있는 드론에 대한 수요와 활용도가 증가하고 있다. 최근에는 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁, 북한의 대남 정찰 등 위험한 군사 작전 및 임무를 수행하는 데 많이 사용되고 있으며 드론에 대한 수요와 활용도가 높아짐에 따라 드론의 안전성과 보안에 대한 우려가 커지고 있다. 현재 드론에 관련된 무선 통신 이상 탐지, 센서 데이터 이상 탐지 등 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 무선 주파수 특성 데이터를 사용하여 위협을 실시간으로 탐지하는 연구는 미비하다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 실제 환경과 유사한 HITL(Hardware In The Loop) 시뮬레이션 환경에서 드론이 미션을 수행하는 동안 지상 제어 시스템과 통신하면서 발생하는 무선 주파수 신호 특성 데이터를 수집하여 특성 데이터가 정상 신호 데이터인지 비정상 신호 데이터인지 판단하는 연구를 진행하였다. 또한, 드론이 미션을 수행하는 중 실시간으로 위협 신호를 탐지할 수 있는 비지도 학습 기반의 위협 탐지 시스템 및 최적의 임계값을 제안한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2018

Purpose: A modern greenhouse consists of various Information and Communications Technology (ICT) components e.g., sensor nodes, actuator nodes, gateways, controllers, and operating softwarethat communicate with each other. The interoperability between these components is an essential characteristic for any greenhouse control system. A greenhouse control system could not work unless the components communicate via common interfaces. The TTAK.KO-06.0288 is an interface standard consisting of four parts. Notably, TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3, which describes the interface between a greenhouse operating system (GOS) and a greenhouse control gateway (GCG), is the core standard of TTAK.KO-06.0288. The objectives of this study were to analyze the TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3 standard, to suggest alternative solutions for identified issues, and to develop a library as a proof of the alternative solutions. Methods: The "data field" was analyzed using a comparative analysis method, since it is a data transmission unit of TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3. It was compared with other parts of TTAK.KO-06.0288 in terms of definition, format, size, and possible values. Although TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part1 and TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part2 do not use a "data field," they have a similar data structure. That structure was compared with the "data field" of TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3. Results: Twenty-one issues were identified across four categories: inter-standard issues, intra-standard issues, operational issues, and misprint issues. Since some of the issues can raise interoperability problems, 16 alternative solutions were suggested. In order to prove the alternative solutions, an open-source communication library called libtp3 was developed. The library passed 14 unit tests and was adapted to two research. Conclusions: Although TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3 is an interface standard for communication between a GOS and a GCG, it might not communicate between different implementations because of the identified issues in the standard. These issues could be solved by the alternative solutions, which could be used to revise TTAK.KO-06.0288. In addition, a relevant organization should develop a program for compatibility testing and should pursue test products for smart greenhouses.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2022

UN해양법협약 제94조에 따르면 기국은 자국선박의 안전 확보를 위한 총체적 역할을 다하여야 하며, 관련 조치로서 선박검사제도를 운영하여야 한다. 대한민국 정부(해양수산부)는 해사안전 증진의 목적을 위해 해양사고 저감을 목표로 설정한 관련 정책을 시행하였으나 목표를 달성하지 못하고 있다. 선박검사제도는 해양사고 예방을 위한 조치로서 실효성 있는 제도의 운영을 위해서는 현행 선박검사제도의 원류(原流)에 대한 충분한 이해가 필요하다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 국제적 선박검사제도의 기원과 시대적 패러다임 변화에 대한 분석을 통해 선박검사제도의 국제적 동향을 파악하였다. 최근 선박검사제도의 국제적 패러다임은 '국제표준화'와 선사(선주)의 능동적 안전관리의 중요성이 커지고 있음을 확인하였다. 이에 근거하여 국내 선박검사제도의 패러다임 전환방안으로 'PDCA Cycle 기반 자체검사제도'의 도입을 제시하였다. 이는 해사안전의 효과성을 향상시키기 위한 ISO 9000 시리즈의 기본 철학을 바탕으로 선박검사제도 이해관계자의 역할을 정립한 새로운 형태의 선박검사제도이다. 더불어 인류는 'COVID-19'의 팬더믹 상황에 따라 비대면 선박검사제도의 필요성이 대두되고 있어 이에 대한 대안으로서 'ICT기술의 빠른 발전'이란 시대적 환경변화에 따른 '모바일 애플리케이션 기반 선박검사제도' 전환을 제안하였다.