• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.420-423
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• 2002

In recent years, there has been keen interest in developing f1at panel detectors for all modalities of radiology, including gerneral radiology, fluoroscopy(angiography and cardiology), electronic portal imaging, and mammography. In this paper, we report the new hybrid x-ray detector consisted of CsI(Tl) photoemission layer and a-Se photoconductor layer to resolve conventional x-ray detector such as the direct detector using a-Se and the indirect detector using CsI(Tl)/a-Si. To design the structure of CsI(Tl)/a-Se detector, the penetrated energy spectrum and absorption fraction was estimated using MCNP 4C code. Experimental results showed that the absorption fraction of $500{\mu}m-Se$ film and $150{\mu}m-CsI\left(Tl \right)/a-Se\left( 30{\mu}m \right)$ film is 70% at 70 kVp. The absorption energy is 90% at $350{\mu}m-CsI(Tl)$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 2009

Background: Previous series have suggested that younger patients with primary lung cancer exhibit a more aggressive disease course with a worse prognosis, as compared to older patients, although this issue is still debatable. Material and Method: We reviewed the medical records of 79 patients (32 patients 50 years and younger (Group I) and 47 patients 70 years and older (Group II)) who underwent curative resection for primary lung cancer between July 2000 and June 2008. Result: The median age of the patients was 46.5 years in Group I and this was 73 years in Group II. The older patients were more likely to have major comorbidities (44% versus 77%, respectively; p=0.003). Histological examinations identified that the minor histological types (excluding non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)) were predominantly found in the Group I patients (16% versus 2%, respectively; p=0.037). For the TNM staging of the NSCLC, with excluding the minor histologic types, a higher proportion of patients had stage III disease in Group I (33% versus 13%, respectively; p=0.038). There was no significant difference in major morbidity (16% versus 30%, respectively; p=0.148) and operative mortality (0% versus 4.3%; p=0.512) between the groups. The mean follow-up interval was 33 months (range: $1{\sim}98$ months) for patients in both groups. For the patients with NSCLC, the five-year overall survival rate was 52.3% for Group I and 53.7% for Group II (p=0.955). The rate of freedom from recurrence at five years was significantly lower for the Group I patients than for the Group II patients (39.4% versus 70.4%, respectively; p=0.027), and only being a member of Group I impacted recurrence, based on the Cox proportional hazard analysis (p=0.034). Of the patients who had recurrence, four patients in Group I underwent aggressive surgical treatment. All of these patients exhibited long-term survival (range: $46{\sim}87$ months). Conclusion: In our study, the early outcome and long-term survival were similar for the younger and older patients after curative resection of primary lung cancer. However, we think that younger patients require meticulous follow-up as they had a tendency to proceed to surgery with advanced stage disease, a higher recurrence rate than did the older patients and the survival rates were improved, even for the recurred cases, with early aggressive treatment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2006

This study was carried out to isolate the possible anti-tumor promoters from the citrus peel (Citrus natsudaidai Hayata). We fractionated the cold-pressed oil of citrus peel by column chromatography, HPLC and TLC. The analysis on column chromate-graphy yielded seven peaks $(F-I{\sim}F-VII)$, all of which showed single spot on TLC analysis ($R_f$ for $F-I{\sim}VIII$; 0.31, 0.13, 0.13, 0.78, 0.79, 0.69 and 0.84). Among the seven fractions, three fractions (F-I, -II and F-IV) were re-analyzed on HPLC, also showing single peak except for one fraction (F-IV) which was divided two peaks. The retention times $(R_f)$ of F-I and F-II was 3 min. and 2.5 min., respectively, but these of two peaks from F-IV were 2 min. and 4.5 min., respectively. Since the area of the latter peak (4.5 min.) was very smaller than that of the former one (2 min.), it is considered that the latter one did not appear on TLC analysis. The inhibitory effect on tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus activation in Raji cells was tested for the seven fraction obtained. It decreased in order of F-VI (82.3+1.3%) > F-I (80.4+1.6%) > F-II (77.2+0.9%) > F-III (75.0+1.2%) > F-IV (74.1=1.0%) > F-V (71.0+1.1%) > F-VII (70.2+1.2%). These results imply that some constiuents contained in citrus peels have the inhibitory activity of TPA-induced tumor promotion.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2000

In this paper, I compared some characteristics between HPA and LPA using Feedforward method. Feedforward method is known for best IMD correction. HPA generated 46.5㏈c at 45.5㏈m output power. But, using feedforward linearing method, I could improve IMD to 67.17㏈c at the same output power. IMD could be improved 20.67㏈ at 45.5㏈m output power. I measured average power, IMD, total current, and efficiency of two amplifier at many different power levels. I could get about 70d3c IMD using feedforward method.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.1 s.176
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• pp.9-25
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• 2006

Baekun gold-silver deposit is an epithermal quartz vein that is filling the fault zone within Triassic or Jurassic foliated granodiorite. Mineralization is associated with fault-breccia zones and can be divided into two stages. Stage I which can be subdivided early and late depositional stages is main ore mineralization and stage II is barren. Early stage I is associated with wallrock alteration and the formation of sulfides such as arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, marcasite, chalcopyrite, stannite, galena. Late stage I is characterized by Au-Ag mineralization such as electrum, Ag-bearing tetrahedrite, stephanite, boulangerite, pyrargrite, argentite, schirmerite, native silver, Ag-Te-Sn-S system, Ag-Cu-S system, pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena. Fluid inclusion data indicate that homogenization temperatures and salinity of stage I range from $171.6^{\circ}C\;to\;360.8^{\circ}C\;and\;from\;0.5\;to\;10.2\;wt.\%\;eq.$ NaCl, respectively. It suggest that ore forming fluids were cooled and diluted with the mixing of meteoric water. Also, Temperature (early stage I: $236\~>380^{\circ}C,\;$ late stage $I: <197\~272^{\circ}C$) and sulfur fugacity (early stage $I:\;10^{-7.8}$ a atm., late stage I: $10^{-14.2}\~10^{-l6}atm$.) deduced mineral assemblages from stage 1 decrease with paragenetic sequence. Sulfur ($2.4\~6.1\%_{\circ}$(early stage $I=3.4\~5.3\%_{\circ},\;late\;stage\;I=2.4\~6.1\%_{\circ}$)), oxygen ($4.5\~8.8\%_{\circ}$(quartz: early stage $I=6.3\~8.8\%_{\circ}$, late stage $I=4.5\~5.6\%_{\circ}$)), hydrogen ($-96\~-70\%_{\circ}$ (quartz: early stage $I=-96\~-70\%_{\circ},\;late\;stage\;f=-78\~-74\%_{\circ},\;calcite:\;late\;stage\;I=-87\~-76\%_{\circ}$)) and carbon ($-6.8\~-4.6\%_{\circ}$ (calcite: late stage I)) isotope compositions indicated that hydrothermal fluids may be magmaticorigin with some degree of mixing of another meteoric water for paragenetic time.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 1998

The length and G/C concent of regions of an aphid rDNA unit that spans 13,061bo with 59% G/C content. flolowing belowing below are the those results, 5’ETS is 843bp in length with 69% G/C content, 18S is 2,469bp in length with 59% G/C content, ITS I is 229bp in length with 70% G/C content, 5.8S is 160bp in length with 63% G/C content, ITS II is 325bp in length with 70% G/C content, 28S is 4, 147bp in length with 60% G/C content, IGS is 4,888bp in length with 55% G/C content.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.40-46
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• 2000

To select the effective fungicides for the control of leaf spot disease of jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba) caused by Phoma sp., inhibitory effects of 26 fungicides for mycelial growth were investigated at $250{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$. In the test, eight fungicides were selected and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for mycelial growth and an inhibitory effect for spore germination were investigated. Among the fungicides, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, and triflumizole were excluded in control effect tests because of their relatively high MICs. MICs were ranged $10-50{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$ for benomyl, carbendazim + kasugamycin (CK), and thiophanate-methyl. triflumizole (TT), and $50-250{\mu}g\;a.i./m{\ell}$ for iprodione + propineb (IT) and iminoctadine-triacelate (IT). However, benomyl and IP showed very low inhibitory effect on conidial germination. When the fungicides were sprayed on the seedlings before the leaves were inoculated with conidial suspension of Phoma sp., the protective values of CK and TT were around 70% at 1,000 ppm and around 90% at 2,000 ppm. The protective values were around 70% at 2,000 ppm (benomyl), 4,000 ppm (IP), and 8,000 ppm (IT). When the fungicides were sprayed after inoculation, benomyl showed the highest curative values of over 90% at 1,000 ppm and the values of CK and TT ranged $70{\sim}80%$ at 1,000 ppm. However, IP and IT had little or no effect on therapy of the disease. IT caused necrotic phytotoxicity on the leaves of jujube seedlings. As results, the best fungicides for the protection of jujube trees from leaf spot disease were CK (2,000 ppm) and TT (2,000 ppm) and for the remedy of the tree, benomyl (1,000 ppm) was the best. Therefore, alternate application of benomyl and CK or TT will be effective in the disease control.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.69.4-70
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.70-71
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1993.11a
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• pp.67-70
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• 1993

A pressboard providing both good insulation and mechanical properties is required as for insulating material in oi1-immersed transformers insulation. This study has examined fabricating methods and specimen characteristics of pressboard.