• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.8
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• pp.615-625
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• 2014

Ministry of National Defense, MND, established a "Master Plan of Military Facility" in 2010 based on the defense reform to prepare for future war. It was a plan for consolidating small military facilities into battalion units, reflecting on and preparing for the needs of various changes in defense environment as well as balanced growth of ROK Army, Navy, and Air Force. However, to move forward with "Military Facility Master Plan," current design criteria for military facilities need to be revised to be enacted due to numerous calculation errors in facility footprints because of the absence of a sound facility criteria. Because the future war environment will be changed from Platform basis to Network Centric Warfare basis, Command & Control capability of C4I systems is getting more important. Therefore, Successful mission accomplishment can be secured by convergence of facility and military Information Technology(IT). So, MND should quickly prepare for the operational guidance, design criteria and policy that are suitable for Network Centric Warfare accomplishment, and implement infrastructure of IT and installation of C2 facility in conjunction with consolidation movement of military facilities. In this paper, we propose the defense I3A framework in order to solve this problem.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-94
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• 2009

The general aspects for the future warfare shows that the concept of firepower and maneuver centric warfare has been replacing with that of information and knowledge centric warfare. Thus, some developed countries are now trying to establish the information systems to perform intelligent warfare and innovate defense operations. The C4I(Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Intelligence for the Warrior) systems make it possible to do modern and systematic war operations. The basic idea of this study is to investigate how TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) can explain the acceptance behavior in military organizations. Because TAM is inadequate in explaining the acceptance processes forcomplex technologies and strict organizations, a revised research model based upon TAM was developed in order to assess the usage of the C4I system. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the usage of C4I in the Korean Army. The research model, based upon TAM, was extended through a belief construct such as self-efficacy as one of mediating variables. The self-efficacy has been used as a mediating variable for technology acceptance, and the variable was included in the research model. The external variables were selected on the basis of previous research. The external variables can be classified into following: 1) technological, 2) organizational, and 3) environmental factors on the basis of TOE(Technology-Organization-Environment) framework. The technological factor includes the information quality and the task-technology fitness. The organizational factor includes the influence of senior colleagues. The environmental factor includes the education/train data. The external variables are considered very important for explaining the behavior patterns of information technology or systems. A structured questionnaire was developed and administrated to those who were using the C4I system. Total 329 data were used for statistical data analyses. A confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation model were used as main statistical methods. Model fitness Indexes for measurement and structured models were verified before all 18 hypotheses were tested. This study shows that the perceived usefulness and the self-efficacy played their roles more than the perceived ease of use did in TAM. In military organizations, the perceived usefulness showed its mediating effects between external variables and dependent variable, but the perceived ease of use did not. These results imply that the perceived usefulness can explain the acceptance processes better than the perceived ease of use in the army. The self-efficacy was also used as one of the three mediating variables, and showed its mediating effects in explaining the acceptance processes. Such results also show that the self-efficacy can be selected as one possible belief construct in TAM. The perceived usefulness was influenced by such factors as senior colleagues, the information quality, and the task-technology fitness. The self-efficacy was affected by education/train and task-technology fitness. The actual usage of C4I was influenced not by the perceived ease of use but by the perceived usefulness and selfefficacy. This study suggests the followings: (1) An extended TAM can be applied to such strict organizations as the army; (2) Three mediation variables are included in the research model and tested at real situations; and (3) Several other implications are discussed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.55-72
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• 2010

Recently, the battlefield environment has changed from platform-centric warfare(PCW) which focuses on maneuvering forces into network-centric warfare(NCW) which is based on the connectivity of each asset through the warfare information system as information technology increases. In particular, C4I(Command, Control, Communication, Computer and Intelligence) system can be an important factor in achieving NCW. It is generally used to provide direction across distributed forces and status feedback from thoseforces. It can provide the important information, more quickly and in the correct format to the friendly units. And it can achieve the information superiority through SA(Situational Awareness). Most of the advanced countries have been developed and already applied these systems in military operations. Therefore, ROK forces also have been developing C4I systems such as KJCCS(Korea Joint Command Control System). And, ours are increasing the budgets in the establishment of warfare information systems. However, it is difficult to evaluate the C4I effectiveness properly by deficiency of methods. We need to develop a new combat effectiveness evaluation method that is suitable for NCW. Existing evaluation methods lay disproportionate emphasis on technical factors with leaving something to be desired in human factors. Therefore, it is necessary to consider technical and human factors to evaluate combat effectiveness. In this study, we proposed a new Combat Effectiveness evaluation algorithm called E-TechMan(A Combat Effectiveness Evaluation Algorithm Considering Technical and Human Factors in C4I System). This algorithm uses the rule of Newton's second law($F=(m{\Delta}{\upsilon})/{\Delta}t{\Rightarrow}\frac{V{\upsilon}I}{T}{\times}C$). Five factors considered in combat effectiveness evaluation are network power(M), movement velocity(v), information accuracy(I), command and control time(T) and collaboration level(C). Previous researches did not consider the value of the node and arc in evaluating the network power after the C4I system has been established. In addition, collaboration level which could be a major factor in combat effectiveness was not considered. E-TechMan algorithm is applied to JFOS-K(Joint Fire Operating System-Korea) system that can connect KJCCS of Korea armed forces with JADOCS(Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System) of U.S. armed forces and achieve sensor to shooter system in real time in JCS(Joint Chiefs of Staff) level. We compared the result of evaluation of Combat Effectiveness by E-TechMan with those by other algorithms(e.g., C2 Theory, Newton's second Law). We can evaluate combat effectiveness more effectively and substantially by E-TechMan algorithm. This study is meaningful because we improved the description level of reality in calculation of combat effectiveness in C4I system. Part 2 will describe the changes of war paradigm and the previous combat effectiveness evaluation methods such as C2 theory while Part 3 will explain E-TechMan algorithm specifically. Part 4 will present the application to JFOS-K and analyze the result with other algorithms. Part 5 is the conclusions provided in the final part.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

By the use of open source and 16bit Microcomputer, IDB(Integrated Development Board) for embedded technical education was designed and developed. Based on 16bit MCU H8/300H, LED, LED Matrix, motors, sensors and various I/O circuitry, and the connection to a computer via the SCI, and $16{\times}2$ character LCD was designed and implemented on IDB. In addition, the software development environment was build by the assembler and H8 C compiler which is provided to the open-source software. And memory expansion was considered to include TRON(Real time OS) and uClinux. To verify the developed board, IDB was fabricated by PCB machine, and the fuction was confirmed by the basic I/O control program.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.5_2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

As science and technology develops, it is expected that more precise and various weapons will be used in a much more complicate future battlefield environment. C4I is a system that provides the proper and necessary information to commanders and their staffs to recognize the battlefield situation by connecting and visualizing the complex battlefield environment and various weapon systems together. Commanders and staffs perform battle command training based on a computer or paper map to better utilize the C4I system and Command Post eXercise(CPX) is a process of the training. This is the way for them to improve command control and decision making skills. Analyzing of line of sight(LOS), identifying communication fringe area, deploying troop strength, and determining unit maneuver are highly restricted under the 2D based CPX. In recent years, however, three-dimensional (3D) CPX simulators have been developed to overcome these drawbacks. In response to this trend, this paper proposes a multi-user based CPX simulator using augmented reality (AR) glass, which can be used as a practical war game simulator.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.19 no.3 s.87
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• pp.51-62
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• 2004

이동통신 시스템은 점차 고품질 및 고속의 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공하는 방향으로 가고 있다. 이동통신시스템의 성능과 용량은 셀 혹은 섹터에서 발생되는 간섭신호와 다중경로 페이딩, 도플러와 같은 무선 채널 특성에 의해 제한된다. 이러한 성능 저하 요소에 대응하여 전체 시스템 성능 및 용량을 늘릴 수 있는 기술이 다중안테나기술이다. 다중안테나기술은 크게 빔형성기술, 다이버시티기술, 그리고 멀티플렉싱기술로 분류된다. 본 고에서는 이들에 대한 기본개념을 소개하고, 이동통신시스템별로(3GPP, 3GPP2, IEEE802 계열) 이들에 대한 적용방식 및 연구개발 동향을 살펴본다.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

Offset lithography is the most widely used printing process in domestic printing industry, but there are no industry-wide specifications for press control to assure consistent quality across printing plants. As printing becomes more of a commodity and less of an art, it is necessary to develop a print quality specification standard suitable for Korea offset printing field. This study aims to contribute to improving the quality of domestic offset color prints by comparative study on color reproduction properties of 3 kinds of domestic process color ink composed of C(cyan), M(magenta), Y(yellow), and K(black), and of 3 kinds of domestic coated paper, using densitometric color measurement method.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.263-269
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• 2011

In this study, the compositions for the microwave dielectric materials were investigated to obtain the improved dielectric properties, the high temperature stability, and the sintering temperature of less than $900^{\circ}C$, which was necessary for cofiring with the internal conductor of silver. In addition, the dielectric sheets were prepared by the tape casting technique, after which the sheets were laminated and sintered. In this process, the optimum ratio of powder and binder, laminating pressure, temperature, and possibility for cofiring with the internal conductor were studied. Finally, multilayer chip treplexer filter for the 800-2,000 MHz range were fabricated, and the frequency characteristics of the triplexer filter were investigated. When the $0.6TiTe_3O_8-0.4MgTiO_3+3wt%SnO+7wt%H_3BO_3$ ceramics were sintered at $820^{\circ}C$ for 0.3 hours, the microwave dielectric properties of the dielectric constant of 29.91, quality factor of 33,000 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of -2.76 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ were obtained. Using the Advanced Design System (ADS) and High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), the multilayer chip triplexer filter acting at the range of 800-2,000 MHz were simulated and manufactured. The manufactured triplexer filter had the excellent frequency properties in the CDAM800, GPS and PCS frequency regions, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1998

Remote fault diagnosis and maintenance system using general telecommunication network is necessary for an effective fault diagnosis and higher productivity of NC machine tools. In order to monitor machine tool condition and diagnose alarm states due to electrical and mechanical faults, a remote data communication system for monitoring of NC machine fault diagnosis and status is developed. The developed system consists of (1) remote communication module among NC's and host PC using PSTN. (2) 8 channels analog data sensing module, (3) digital I/O module for control or NC machine, (4) communication module between NC machine and remote data communication system via RS-232C, and (5) software man-machine interface. Diagnostic monitoring results generated through a successive type inference engine are displayed in user-friendly graphics. The validity and reliability of the developed system is verified to be a powerful commercial version on a vertical machining center through a series of experiments.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.279-283
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• 2012

In is paper, we design and implement the low power, high speed touch screen controller that calculates and outputs the coordinate of touch point on the touch screen of mobile devices. The system clock is 10HMz, the number of input channels is 21, standby current is $20{\mu}A$, dynamic range of input is 140pF~400pF and the response time is 0.1ms/frame. It contains the power management unit for low power, automatic impedance calibration unit in order to adapt to humidity, temperature and evaluation board, adjacent key and pattern interference suppression unit, serial interface unit of I2C and SPI. The function and performance is verified by using FPGA and $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS standard process. The implemented touch screen is designed for using in the double layer ITO(Indium Thin Oxide) module with diamond pattern and single layer ITO module for cost-effective which are applied to mobile phone or smart remote controller.