• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2011

The subject of variable step size maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms has been addressed in the literature. However, most of the addressed algorithms tune the variable step size according to two variables: the photovoltaic (PV) array voltage ($V_{PV}$) and the PV array current ($I_{PV}$). Therefore, both the PV array current and voltage have to be measured. Recently, maximum power point trackers that arc based on a single variable ($I_{PV}$ or $V_{PV}$) have received a great deal of attention due to their simplicity and ease of implementation, when compared to other tracking techniques. In this paper, two methods have been proposed to design a variable step size MPPT algorithm using only a single current sensor for stand-alone battery storage PV systems. These methods utilize only the relationship between the PV array measured current and the converter duty cycle (D) to automatically adapt the step change in the duty cycle to reach the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV array. Detailed analyses and flowcharts of the proposed methods are included. Moreover, a comparison has been made between the proposed methods to investigate their performance in the transient and steady states. Finally, experimental results with field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are presented to verify the performance of the proposed methods.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2013

In order to analyze the electrical performance of ZnO surge arresters stressed by the combined DC and AC voltages that are generated in DC/AC converter systems, the leakage current properties of ZnO surge arrester blocks deteriorated by impulse currents were investigated. The test specimens were deteriorated by the 8/$20{\mu}s$ impulse current of 2.5kA and the leakage currents flowing into the deteriorated zinc oxide(ZnO) arrester blocks subjected to the combined DC and power frequency AC voltages are measured. As a result, the leakage currents flowing through deteriorated ZnO surge arrester blocks were higher than those flowing through the fine ZnO surge arrester blocks and the larger the injection number of 8/$20{\mu}s$ impulse current of 2.5kA is, the greater the leakage current is. The leakage current-voltage curves(I-V curves) of the fine and deteriorated ZnO surge arrester blocks stressed by the combined DC and AC voltages show significant difference in the low conduction region. Also the cross-over phenomenon is observed at the voltage close to the knee of conduction on plots of I-V curves.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.295-299
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• 2007

This paper presents the photovoltaic(PV) water pumping system with a maximum power point tracking(MPPT). The wale- pumping system uses a variable speed single phase induction motor(SPIM) driven a centrifugal pimp by field oriented control(FOC) inverter. The MPPT using a DC-DC converter controlled the duty cycle to track maximum power from PV under different insolation conditions. The duty cycle directly relate with a flux producing current control($i_{ds}$). The FOC inverter uses a current control voltage source inverter(CC-VSI). The simulation results are shown that the characteristics and performance of drive system, which varies as each conditions of light by expresses in voltage ($V_{dq}$), current($I_{dq}$), speed of motor and torque.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2003년도 춘계전력전자학술대회 논문집(2)
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• pp.503-506
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• 2003

The photovoltaic generators have a nonlinear V-I characteristics and maximum power points which vary with the illumination levels and temperatures. Using maximum power point tracker with the intermediate converter can increase the system efficiency by matching the PV systems to the load. A novel MPPT control for photovoltaic system is proposed. The system input parameters are (dP, dI, and last incremental of duty ratio $L\deltaD$)and the output is the new incremental value (new ${\deltaD}$) according to the maximum power point under various illumination levels. Using fuzzy logic controller allows extracting the maximum power rapidly and without significant oscillations. Also FLC provides excellent features such as fast response, good performance and the ability to change the fuzzy parameters to improve control system.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권1B호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 전류펌핑 알고리즘을 이용한 클락 동기용 3.3V 단일 공급 전압하에서 3-250MHz 입력 록킹 범위를 갖는 2중 루프 구조의 CMOS PLL 회로를 설계하였다. 본 논문은 전압 제어 발진기 회로의 전압대 주파수의 선형성을 향상시키기 위한 전류펌핑 알고리즘을 이용한 PLL 구조를 제안한다. 설계된 전압 제어 발진기 회로는 75.8MHz-1GHz 의 넓은 주파수 범위에서 높은 성형성을 가지고 동작한다. 또한, 록킹 되었을 때 루프 필터 회로를 포함한 저하 펌프 회로의 전압 변동 현상을 막는 위상 주파수 검출기 회로를 설계하였다. 0.6$\mu\textrm{m}$ N-well single-poly triple metal CMOS 공정을 사용하여 모이 실험 한 결과, 125MHz의 입력 주파수를 갖고 1GHz의 동작 주파수에서 3.5$\mu\textrm{s}$의 록킹 시간과 92mW의 전력 소모를 나타내었다. 측정 결과 V-I 컨버터 회로를 포함한 VCO 회로의 위상 잡음은 100kHz의 옵셋 주파수에서 -100.3dBc/Hz를 나타내었다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2013

In lighting system where several large-area organic light-emitting diode (OLED) lighting panels are involved, panel aging may appear differently from each other, resulting in a falling-off in lighting quality. To achieve uniform light output across large-area OLED lighting panels, we have employed an optical feedback circuit. Light output from each OLED panel is monitored by the optical feedback circuit that consists of a photodiode, I-V converter, 10-bit analogdigital converter (ADC), and comparator. A photodiode generates current by detecting OLED light from one side of the glass substrate (i.e., edge emission). Namely, the target luminance from the emission area (bottom emission) of OLED panels is monitored by current generated from the photodiode mounted on a glass edge. To this end, we need to establish a mapping table between the ADC value and the luminance of bottom emission. The reference ADC value corresponds to the target luminance of OLED panels. If the ADC value is lower or higher than the reference one (i.e., when the luminance of OLED panel is lower or higher than its target luminance), a micro controller unit (MCU) adjusts the pulse width modulation (PWM) used for the control of the power supplied to OLED panels in such a way that the ADC value obtained from optical feedback is the same as the reference one. As such, the target luminance of each individual OLED panel is unchanged. With the optical feedback circuit included in the lighting system, we have observed only 2% difference in relative intensity of neighboring OLED panels.

• 센서학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1996

교류-직류 변환방법으로 교류전압 및 전류를 정밀측정하기 위한 평면형 다중접합 열전변환기를 제작하였다. 실리콘 기판에 지지된 $Si_{3}N_{4}$ (200 nm) / $SiO_{2}$ (400 nm) / $Si_{3}N_{4}$ (200 nm) 샌드위치구조의 두께 $0.8\;{\mu}m$ (크기 $2{\times}4\;mm^{2}$)의 멤브레인 위에 가열선과 열전대 접합을 형성하였다. 멤브레인의 세로방향 중앙에 NiCr 가열선을 배치하고, 가열선 주위 또는 그 위에 동-콘스탄탄(Cu- CuNi44)으로 $48{\sim}156$ 개의 열전대의 열(熱)접합을 형성하였으며, 열전대의 냉(冷)접합은 실리콘 기판 위에 형성하였다. 직류 10 mA의 입력에 대한 열전대의 출력전압은 종류에 따라 $76\;mV{\sim}382\;mV$를 얻었으며, 입력 5 mA일때 출력전압의 단기안정도는 ${\pm}5{\sim}15\;ppm4/ 10 min이었다. 공기분위기에서 감응도는 $3.9{\sim}14.5V/W$로 측정되었고, 열전대의 수가 48개인 모델 BF48의 경우 공기중에서의 감응도가 3.9 V/W로써, 56개의 열전대를 갖는 3차원구조 다중접합 열전변환기의 진공분위기에서의 감응도보다 2배 이상 크게 나타났다. 또한 측정전류 10 mA 이하, 측정주파수 $5\;Hz{\sim}2\;kHz$에서의 교류-직류 변환차이는 약 ${\pm}1\;ppm$ 이하이었고, 5 kHz 및 10 kHz에서는 약 $2{\sim}3\;ppm$ 이었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2015

This article presents a closed loop control of DC series motor fed by DC chopper controlled by an PID controller based intelligent control using ANN (Artificial Neural Network). The PID-ANN controller performances are analyzed in both steady state and dynamic operating condition with various set speed and various load torque. Here two different motor parameters are taken for analysis (220V and 110V motor parameters). The static and dynamic performances are taken for comparison with conventional PID controller and existing work. The steady state stability analysis of the system also made using the transfer function model. The equation model is also done to analysis the performances by set speed change and load torque change. The proposed controller have better control over the conventional PID controller and the reported existing work. This system is initially simulated using MATLAB / Simulink and then experimental setup done using P89V51RD2BN microcontroller.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.280-283
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• 2004

This paper discribes the design concept, fabrication process and measuring result of 2.5kV Gate Commutated Thyristor devices. Integrated gate commutated thyristors(IGCTs) is the new power semiconductor device used for high power inverter, converter, static var compensator(SVC) etc. Most of the ordinary GTOs(gate turn-off thyristors) are designed as non-punch-through(NPT) concept; i.e. the electric field is reduced to zero within the N-base region. In this paper, we propose transparent anode structure for fast turn-off characteristics. And also, to reach high breakdown voltage, we used 2-stage bevel structure. Bevel angle is very important for high power devices, such as thyristor structure devices. For cathode topology, we designed 430 cathode fingers. Each finger has designed $200{\mu}m$ width and $2600{\mu}m$ length. The breakdown voltage between cathode and anode contact of this fabricated GCT device is 2,715V.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.639-643
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• 2001

Recently, photovoltaic system has been studied widely as a renewable energy system, because it does not produce environmental pollution and it has infinity energy source from the sun. A study on photovoltaic system has a lot of problems like as reappearance and repetition of some situation in the laboratory experiment for development of MPPT algorithm and islanding detection algorithm, because output characteristics of solar cell are varied by irradiation and surface temperature of solar cell. And this system is consisted a lot of solar cell unit. Therefore, the assistant equipment which emulates the solar cell characteristics which can be controlled arbitrarily by researcher is require to the researchers for reliable experimental data. In this paper, the virtual implement of solar cell (VISC) system is proposed to solve these problems and to achieve reliable experimental result on photovoltaic system. VISC system emulates the solar cell output characteristics, and this system can substitute solar cell in laboratory experiment system. To realize the VISC, mathematical model of solar cell is studied for driving converter and the DC/DC converters are compared in viewpoint of tracking error using computer simulation. And then analysis of parallel and series characteristics was done for combination of VISC model.