• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2017

Modern watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum.& Nakai var. lanatus) have fruits with diverse phenotypes, including fruit shape, rind patterns, and flesh color. Molecular markers enable efficient selection of plants harboring desirable phenotypes. In the present study, publicly available DNA markers tightly linked to fruit shape, rind stripe pattern, and flesh color were evaluated using 85 watermelon accessions with diverse fruit phenotypes. For fruit shape, the dCAPS SUN - Cla011257 marker revealed an 81% of marker - trait match for accessions with elongated or round fruits. For rind stripe pattern, the SCAR wsb6-11marker was effective for selecting Jubilee-type rind pattern from other rind patterns. For flesh color, the Clcyb.600 and Lcyb markers derived from a mutation in the Lycopene ${\beta}$ - cyclase (Lcyb) gene, were effective at selecting red or yellow flesh. Forty-eight accessions possessing diverse fruit - related traits were selected as a reference array and their genetic relationships assessed using 16 SSR markers. At a coefficient of 0.11, the 48 accessions grouped into two major clades: Clade I and Clade II. Clade I subdivided further into subclades I - 1 and I - 2 at a coefficient of 0.39. All accessions with colored flesh were classified into Clade I, whereas those with white - flesh were classified into Clade II. Differences in fruit traits between subclades I - 1 and I - 2 were observed for rind pattern and fruit color; a majority of the accessions with Crimson-type striped or non-striped rind were grouped together in subclade I - 1, while most accessions in subclade I - 2 had a Jubilee - type rind stripe pattern. These results imply that reference array watermelon accessions possess distinguishable genetic structure based on rind stripe pattern. However, no significant grouping pattern was observed based on other fruit-related traits.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1319-1329
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• 2018

SSRs were successfully isolated from the Perilla crop in our current study, and used to analyze Perilla accessions from East Asia. Analyses of the clear genetic diversity and relationship for Perilla crop still remain insufficient. In this study, 40 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer sets were developed from RNA sequences using transcriptome analysis. These new SSR markers were applied to analyze the diversity, relationships, and population structure among 35 accessions of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types. A total of 220 alleles were identified at all loci, with an average of 5.5 alleles per locus and a range between 2 and 10 alleles per locus. The MAF (major allele frequency) per locus varied from 0.229 to 0.943, with an average of 0.466. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) value was 0.603, ranging from 0.102 to 0.837. The genetic diversity (GD) ranged from 0.108 to 0.854, with an average of 0.654. Based on population structure analysis, all accessions were divided into three groups: Group I, Group II and the admixed group. This study demonstrated the utility of new SSR analysis for the study of genetic diversity and population structure among 35 Perilla accessions. The GD of each locus for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, cultivated var. crispa, and weedy var. crispa were 0.415, 0.606, 0.308, and 0.480, respectively. Both weedy accessions exhibited higher GD and PIC values than their cultivated types in East Asia. The new SSR primers of Perilla species reported in this study may provide potential genetic markers for population genetics to enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity, genetic relationship and population structure of the cultivated and weedy types of P. frutescens in East Asia. In addition, new Perilla SSR primers developed from RNA-seq can be used in the future for cultivar identification, conservation of Perilla germplasm resources, genome mapping and tagging of important genes/QTLs for Perilla breeding programs.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.101-109
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• 2002

A lot of SSRs (simple sequence repeats) in peach and pear from enriched genomic libraries and in peach from a cDNA library were developed. These SSRs were applied to other related species, giving phenograms of 52 Prunus and 60 pear accessions. Apple SSRs could also be successfully used in Pyrus spp. Thirteen morphological traits were characterized on the basis of the linkage map obtained from an $F_2$ population of peach. This map was compiled with those morphological markers and 83 DNA markers, including SSR markers used as anchor loci, to compare different peach maps. Molecular markers tightly linked to new root-knot nematode resistance genes were also found. A linkage map including disease-related genes, pear scab resistance and black spot susceptibility, in the Japanese pear Kinchaku were constructed using 118 RAPD markers. Another linkage map, of the European pear Bartlett, was also constructed with 226 markers, including 49 SSRs from pear, apple, peach and chewy. Maps of other Japanese pear cultivars, i.e., Kousui and Housui, were also constructed. These maps were the first results of pear species.

• 한국식물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물생명공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.101-109
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• 2002

A lot of SSRs (simple sequence repeats) in peach and pear from enriched genomic libraries and in peach from a cDHA library were developed. These SSRs were applied to other related species, giving phenograms of 52 Prunus and 60 pear accessions. Apple SSRs could also be successfully used in Pyrus spp. Thirteen morphological traits were characterized on the basis of the linkage map obtained from an Fa population of peach. This map was compiled with those morphological markers and 83 DHA markers, including SSR markers used as anchor loci, to compare different peach maps. Molecular markers tightly linked to new root-knot nematode resistance genes were also found. A linkage map including disease-related genes, pear scab resistance and black spot susceptibility, in the Japanese pear Kinchaku were constructed using 118 RAPD markers. Another linkage map, of the European pear Bartlett, was also constructed with 226 markers, including 49 SSRs from pear, apple, peach and cherry. Maps of other Japanese pear cultivars, i.e., Kousui and Housui, were also constructed. These maps were the first results of pear species.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2021

Agaricus bisporus is a popular edible mushroom that is cultivated worldwide. Due to its secondary homothallic nature, cultivated A. bisporus strains have low genetic diversity, and breeding novel strains is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of globally collected A. bisporus strains using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Agaricus bisporus strains were divided based on genetic distance-based groups and model-based subpopulations. The major allele frequency (MAF), number of genotypes (NG), number of alleles (NA), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were calculated, and genetic distance, population structure, genetic differentiation, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were assessed. Strains were divided into two groups by distance-based analysis and into three subpopulations by model-based analysis. Strains in subpopulations POP A and POP B were included in Group I, and strains in subpopulation POP C were included in Group II. Genetic differentiation between strains was 99%. Marker AB-gSSR-1057 in Group II and subpopulation POP C was confirmed to be in HWE. These results will enhance A. bisporus breeding programs and support the protection of genetic resources.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2001

Winter bud explants from 15 individual angelica tree (Aralia elata) were cultured in vitro to find out optimal conditions for somatic embryo induction as well as plant regeneration. Calli are induced and grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D for 4 weeks and subcultured on a half-strength MS medium without phytohormones to induce somatic embryos. Inter-simple sequence repeat (I-SSR) markers were analyzed with total DNAs extracted from the trees. Genotype effects on somatic embryo induction were examined by cluster analysis. Callus induction rate varied from 58.5 to 100% among the genotypes. Somatic embryo induction rate also greatly varied from 0 to 100% among the genotypes. There was a significant difference in somatic embryo induction rate even among the individual trees that showed close genetic relationships each other. This suggested that somatic embryo induction rate in Aralia elata be influenced by a few major specific genes rather than whole genomic similarity among individual trees. Four individuals of Ulneong-7, Cheju-1, Shingu and China, which are recalcitrant to somatic embryo induction, turned out to have a close genetic relationship, suggesting that both physiological and genetic factors affect somatic embryo induction. The results suggest that genotype selection be the most important factor to achieve an efficient propagation, although cultural optimization through medium and explant manipulation may also play crucial roles in somatic embryogensis as well as plant regeneration of these species.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 물황철나무(Populus koreana Rehder) 집단을 대상으로 I-SSR 표지자를 이용해 유전다양성과 유전적 공간구조를 분석하였다. 물황철나무는 중국, 러시아 극동지역과 북한의 고산 계곡부 등에 서식하는 낙엽활엽 교목이다. 물황철나무는 남한에서 강원도 일대에 제한적으로 분포한다. 특히 오대산 집단은 물황철나무의 남방한계지로서 유전자원보존의 중요성이 강조된다. 8개의 I-SSR primer로 유전다양성을 추정한 결과, Shannon의 다양성 지수(I)는 0.230, 이형접합도의 기대치(He)는 0.151로 유사한 생활사를 갖는 타 수종에 비해 유전다양성이 매우 낮게 나타났다. 유전적 군락을 확인하기 위해 공간적 자기상관성 분석을 수행한 결과, 조사 지역 내의 물황철나무 집단은 400 m 이내에서 유전적으로 유사한 군락구조를 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 물황철나무 집단의 현지외 유전자 보존을 위한 표본추출 시, 개체 간 거리를 400 m 이상으로 두는 것이 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2008

Knowledge of genetic diversity and of the genetic relationships among elite breeding materials has had a significant impact on the improvement of crops. In maize, this information is particularly useful in i) planning crosses for hybrid and line development, ii) in assigning lines to heterotic groups and iii) in plant variety protection. We have used the SSR technique to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 76 Korean waxy corn accessions, representing a diverse collection from throughout Korea. Assessment of genetic diversity among members of this group was conducted using 30 microsatellite markers. Among these 30 microsatellite markers, we identified a total of 127 alleles (with an average of 4.2 and a range of between 2 and 9 alleles per locus). Gene diversity at these 30 microsatellite loci varied from 0.125 to 0.795 with an average of 0.507. The cluster tree generated with the described microsatellite markers recognized two major groups with 36.5% genetic similarity. Group I includes 63 inbred lines, with similarity coefficients of between 0.365 and 0.99. Group II includes 13 inbred lines, with similarity coefficients of between 0.45 and 0.85. The present study indicates that the 30 microsatellite loci chosen for this analysis are effective molecular markers for the assessment of genetic diversity and genetic relationships between Korean waxy corn accessions. Specifically, this study's assessment of genetic diversity and relationships between a set of 76 Korean waxy corn inbred lines will be helpful for such activities as planning crosses for hybrid and line development and association mapping analyses of maize breeding programs in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

작물과학원에서 육성한 찰옥수수 자식계통들을 대상으로 SSR 마커를 이용하여 자식계통간 유연관계 등을 분석하고 계통군화 시켜 교배 모, 부본 선정의 기초 자료로 이용하고자 하였으며 종실의 품질특성들과 연관되어 있는 분자마커를 선발하여 품질육종의 효율성을 높이고 고품질 찰옥수수 품종육성에 이용하기 위한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 64개 자식계통의 genomic DNA증폭에 의해 30개 microsatellite 마커를 이용하여 전체 225개, 마커 별로는 $2{\sim}13$개, 평균 7.5개의 alleles가 관찰되었으며 PIC값은 $0.14{\sim}0.87$의 범위였고 평균 0.69의 다양성을 보였다. 2. 증폭된 밴드의 유무를 이용하여 계통간 유전적 거리를 구하였으며 이를 근거로 군집분석을 한 결과 9개 군으로 분류할 수 있었고 특히 I군의 경우 64계통 중 41%인 26계통이 포함되었으며 나머지 군들은 $3{\sim}9$개의 자식계통이 포함되었다. 3 유전적 거리에 의한 자식계통군의 분류 결과를 기존에 육성된 교잡종들과 비교해 본 결과 찰옥1호의 모, 부본인 KW1, KW2는 각각 I군과 VII군, 찰옥2호의 모, 부본인 KW7, KW3은 각각 I군과 VIII군에 속해 있었으며, 고식미 교잡종인 찰옥4호는 모, 부본인 KW33과 KW35는 I군과 IV군, 일미찰의 모, 부본인 KW51, KW35도 I군과 IV군에 속해 있어서 원연간에 교잡이 이루어 진 것으로 나타났다. 4. 30개 SSR 마커에 의해 발생된 대립인자와 품질관련 특성들과의 연관성을 분석한 결과 아밀로펙틴 함량 등 8개 형질과 관련되는 마커를 선발하였다. 이 마커들 중 umc 1019는 아밀로펙틴, 단백질 함량과 연관되었으며 umc1020은 아밀로펙틴 함량, 최고점도 및 전체적 기호도와 관련되었고 bnlg1537은 백립중, 립장, 립폭과 관련이 높은 것으로 나타났다.작할 수 있었다. 이 환원유(還元乳)를 일정(一定)한 조건(條件)에서 한국 영양권장량과 비교(比較)했을 때, 모든 영양소(營養素)를 충분(充分)히 공급(供給)할 수 있었는데 나이아신 만이 권장량에 미달하였다. 또한 분유(粉乳) C에서 철분이 약간 미달했고, 비타민A는 1일(日) 권장량에 6배(倍)나 되어 앞으로 재검토(再檢討)를 요(要)하는 문제라 하겠다. 4. 아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)은 분유간(粉乳間)에 다수 차계(差界)를 보였으며, 필수(必須)아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)이 우유에 가까웠던 점(點)으로 보아 아미노산 조절(調節)은 없었는듯 하였다. 발효유의 아미노산(酸) 조성(組成)은 우유와 거의 같았다. 5. 지방산(脂肪酸)의 조성(組成)은 전체(全體) 포화지방산대(飽和脂肪酸對) 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)의 비(比)가 3종(種)의 분유간(粉乳間)에 비슷하였고, 특히 필수지방산(必須脂肪酸)의 조성(組成)이 모유(母乳)와 유사(類似)하거나 높아 이들 지방산(脂肪酸)이 첨가(添加)되어 있음을 나타냈다. 이상의 여러 결과(結果)들을 종합(綜合)할 때 3종(種)의 분유간(粉乳間) 영양효과(營養效果)는 비슷하고, 조제분유(調製粉乳)의 일반조성(一般組成), 무기질(無機質) 및 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)에 있어서 모유(母乳)에 상당히 접근(接近)하는 것으로 믿어진다. 한편 철분, 비타민 등(等)의 강화(强化)로서 단일식품(單一食品)으로서의 효용성(效用性)을 높인 것은 사실이나, 일부 영양소(營養素)의 지나친 강화(强化)문제는 좀더 신중히 다루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.성(構成) polyol은 glycerol뿐이 었으며 세포외(細胞外) 지질(脂質)의 구성(構成) polyol은 glycerol, mannitol, xylitol 및 arabitol 이었다.로 보아 glucosamine 2분자(分子)에 한계의 인(燐)이 monoester결합(結合)을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 8. spot A화합물(化合物)은 glucosaminiyl

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2012

설악산 눈잣나무 천연집단은 국내 유일하게 분포하는 남방한계 분포지 수종으로 유전자원보존을 위하여 침엽의 형태적 해부학적 특성과 I-SSR 표지자를 이용한 유전변이를 조사하였다. 8가지 침엽특성에 대한 ANOVA 분석결과 모든 특성에서 개체 간에 통계적인 유의성이 인정되었다. 조사된 66개체의 평균특성은 침엽길이 53.59 mm, 침엽폭 0.78 mm, 침엽지수 68.98 및 침엽두께 0.65 mm, 최대기 공열수 4.56개, 최소기공열수 3.80개, 전체기공열수 8.36개 및 수지구수 1.71개로 각각 나타났다. 특히, 수지구는 모두 바깥쪽에 위치하는 외위 형태의 1~3개 범위로 수지구 2개 유형이 69.47%을 나타낸 반면 1개 유형은 30.45%를 나타냈다. 선발된 9개 I-SSR Primer에서 총 78개의 증폭산물을 얻었으며, 다형적 유전자좌의 비율은 61.5%, 유효대립유전자의 수 1.698개, 이형접합도의 기대치 0.388 및 Shannon의 다양성지수 0.567로 각각 나타났다.