• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to analyze mutant lines of Chinese cabbage ($Brassica$ $rapa$ ssp. $pekinensis$) using gene tagging system (plasmid rescue and inverse polymerase chain reaction) and to observe the phenotypic characteristics. Insertional mutants were derived by transferring DNA (T-DNA) of $Agrobacterium$ for functional genomics study in Chinese cabbage. The hypocotyls of Chinese cabbage 'Seoul' were used to obtain transgenic plants with $Agrobacterium$ $tumefaciens$ harboring pRCV2 vector. To tag T-DNA from the Chinese cabbage genomic DNA, plasmid rescue and inverse PCR were applied for multiple copies and single copy insertional mutants. These techniques were successfully conducted to Chinese cabbage plant with high efficiency, and as a result, T-DNA of pRCV2 vector showed distinct various integration patterns in the transgenic plant genome. The polyploidy level analysis showed the change in phenotypic characteristics of 13 mutant lines was not due to variation in somatic chromosome number. Compared with wild type, the $T_1$ progenies showed varied phenotypes, such as decreased stamen numbers, larger or smaller flowers, upright growth habit, hairless leaves, chlorosis symptoms, narrow leaves, and deeply serrated leaves. The polyploidy level analysis showed the change in phenotypic characteristics of 13 mutant lines was not due to variation in somatic chromosome number. To tag T-DNA from the Chinese cabbage genomic DNA, plasmid rescue and inverse PCR were applied for multiple copies and single copy insertional mutants. Mutants that showed distinct phenotypic difference compared to wild type with 1 copy of T-DNA by Southern blot analysis, and with 2n = 20 of chromosome number were selected. These selected mutant lines were sequenced flanking DNA, mapped genomic loci, and the genome information of the lines is being recorded in specially developed database.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cattle slurry on productivity of whole crop barley and Italian ryegrass and environmental pollution in paddy land. Cropping systems used in this study were consisted of two designs, such as whole crop barley applied with cattle slurry (WCB) and Italian ryegrass applied with cattle slurry (IRG). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yields of WCB and IRG were 7,520 kg/ha and 10,320 kg/ha, respectively. The yields of IRG significantly increased as compared with that of WCB (p<0.05). The yield of Italian ryegrass in 1st cutting time was about 2-fold higher than that of 2nd cutting time. The contents of crude protein of IRG were higher than that of WCB. However, the contents of NDF, ADF and TDN were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments. The pH, and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$ and organic matter (OM) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment increased as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). After the end of experiment, the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg and Na in leaching water in paddy land cultivated with WCB and IRG were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of mathematical transformation on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations for the prediction of chemical composition and fermentation parameters in corn silage. Corn silage samples (n=407) were collected from cattle farms and feed companies in Korea between 2014 and 2015. Samples of silage were scanned at 1 nm intervals over the wavelength range of 680~2,500 nm. The optical data were recorded as log 1/Reflectance (log 1/R) and scanned in intact fresh condition. The spectral data were regressed against a range of chemical parameters using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate analysis in conjunction with several spectral math treatments to reduce the effect of extraneous noise. The optimum calibrations were selected based on the highest coefficients of determination in cross validation ($R^2{_{cv}}$) and the lowest standard error of cross validation (SECV). Results of this study revealed that the NIRS method could be used to predict chemical constituents accurately (correlation coefficient of cross validation, $R^2{_{cv}}$, ranging from 0.77 to 0.91). The best mathematical treatment for moisture and crude protein (CP) was first-order derivatives (1, 16, 16, and 1, 4, 4), whereas the best mathematical treatment for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was 2, 16, 16. The calibration models for fermentation parameters had lower predictive accuracy than chemical constituents. However, pH and lactic acids were predicted with considerable accuracy ($R^2{_{cv}}$ 0.74 to 0.77). The best mathematical treatment for them was 1, 8, 8 and 2, 16, 16, respectively. Results of this experiment demonstrate that it is possible to use NIRS method to predict the chemical composition and fermentation quality of fresh corn silages as a routine analysis method for feeding value evaluation to give advice to farmers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella on the change of nutritive value, quality and microbes regarding the mixture silage of Italian ryegrass and hairy vetch (IRG-HV silage). The content of crude protein of IRG-HV silage in only the LAB treatment was not different as compared to the control. However, the content of crude protein significantly increased in the treatment of LAB with chlorella, compared to both the control and LAB treatments (p<0.05). Acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, total digestible nutrient and in vitro dry matter digestibility of IRG-Alfalfa silage were not significantly different in all treatments. Further, the pH of IRG-HV silage in only the LAB treatment was not different as compared to control, but decreased in both LAB and chlorella treatments (p<0.05). The content of lactic acid in the LAB treatment increased as compared to the control, and also significantly increased in the LAB treatment with chlorella (p<0.05). In addition, the number of LAB in LAB treatment increased as compared to the control, and significantly also increased in the LAB treatment with chlorella (p<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that IRG-HV silage improved with addition of both LAB and chlorella.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of total neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and forage-derived NDF (fNDF) on nutrient intake and milk production in Holstein dairy cows. Thirty-six Holstein dairy cows at weeks 4 to 20 of lactation were included in this study. The cows were arranged in a randomized complete block design and assigned to one of six diets: 1) 38% NDF with 18% fNDF (HN-HF); 2) 38% NDF with 15% fNDF (HN-MF); 3) 38% with 12% fNDF (HN-LF); 4) 34% NDF with 18% fNDF (LN-HF); 5) 34% NDF with 15% fNDF (LN-MF); and 6) 34% with 12% fNDF (LN-LF). The cows were fed a total mixed ration twice daily (07:00 and 18:00 h) and given ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the experiment. Data on the intake of nutrients (DM, NEl, CP, NDF, fNDF, NFC), milk yield, composition, fat-corrected milk (FCM), fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM), and energy corrected milk (ECM) were analyzed. Lower dietary concentrations of total NDF or fNDF resulted in an increase in DM, NEl, and NFC intake (p<0.01), milk yield (p<0.05) and a lower milk fat concentration (p<0.01). The LN treatment showed no significant differences in milk fat concentration compared to the HN however, further reduction in fNDF decreased milk fat content (p<0.01). The lowest level of milk fat was observed in the LN-LF diet group. Changes in the dietary concentrations of NDF or fNDF did not affect the concentrations of milk protein or SNF (solid not fat), although the yield of milk protein and SNF increased with higher milk yield (p<0.01). The level of fNDF influenced the level of FCM (p=0.07), as well as FPCM and ECM yield (p<0.05). A highly positive correlation between fNDF intake and milk fat concentration was observed in animals with low NDF compared to those offered high NDF. A strong correlation was also observed between milk yield and low NDF intake compared to high NDF intake.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

Background and Purpose：Nausea, vomiting and weight loss are common problems that are encountered in the course of cancer patient treatment who are receiving radiotherapy. In this study, we are aiming to analyze the effect of megestrol acetate on quality of life of head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy, resulting from improvement of weight loss, appetite and nutritional status via multicenter, open-labeled, observational clinical trial. Material and Methods：A total of 270 patients from 10 medical institutes who are receiving radiotherapy or who have completed radiotherapy within 3 months, between February 2007 and February 2008, were selected as candidates for the study. Megestrol acetate suspension(megace) was given to the subjectives once a week for 4 weeks with the amount of 20ml(megestrol 800mg). Measurement of weight and questionnaire surveys were carried out three times: at the start of the study, 4 weeks after the start of the medication, and 4 weeks after the end of the medication, respectively. Results：The group who has received megace had a total number of 199, and control group was 70. The group who have received megace showed mean weight loss of 1kg in 8 weeks, compared with the weight loss of 5.5kg in control group, which showed that the medication was effective in reducing the amount of weight loss(P=0.027). The group who received megace had a tendency to report a reduced rate of decrease in the score of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and QOL score, but it did not have statistical significance(P>0.05). Conclusion：Megestrol acetate have reduced the degree of weight loss significantly, and it has a tendency to reduce the rate of decrease in appetite, aggravation of nausea and vomiting, and quality of life.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 2014

To evaluate microbiological and aflatoxin safety on traditional dried persimmon, a total of 315 samples were collected from 105 farms. The collected samples were assessed on aflatoxin and microorganisms (Aerobic plate count, coliform count, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus). The the APC of sliced dried persimmon, dried persimmon, and semi dried persimmon were $3.93{\pm}0.96$, $2.12{\pm}0.93$, and $1.50{\pm}1.08{\log}\;CFU/g$, respectively. S. aureus was detected in 40.0% of sliced dried persimmon, 29.5% of dried persimmon, and 23.5% of semi dried persimmon. E. coli recovered from dried persimmon and semi dried persimmon was 6.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. However, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were not detected. According to the result of aflatoxin by ELISA and UPLC, aflatoxin was not detected in any sample. These data suggested that safety management system should be introduce to the farms producing traditional dried persimmon to enhance the safety of traditional dried persimmon.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.862-870
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• 1998

This study shows the application of Ci-ELISA method for monitoring the denaturation of myosin by the frozen treatment in order to differentiate thawed beef from chilled. Hanwoo M.Semitendinosus (n=25) was treated under the two different frozen process as follows; simple frozen treatment (Exp-1) at 4 different temperatures, -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively, and repeated thawing-refreezing treatment (Exp-2) stored at 4 different temperatures, -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively. Antibodies (Abs) were produced from rabbits immunized with myosin whole molecule (MWM) isolated from beef round, heavy meromyosin S-1 (S-1) and light meromyosin (LMM) prepared by digestion of MWM. Each immunoglobulin G (IgG) was separated from antiserum. At 6 month storage, IA of anti-MWM IgG for myosin was decreased to 32.67, 32. 23, 51.52 and 34.27% in Exp-1 and to 14.82, 15.61, 25.3 and 23.7% in Exp-2 at -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively (P<0.05). In Exp-1, the reactivities of anti-LMM IgG were decreased to 25.12, 21.42, 49.05 and 28.96%, and those of Exp-2 were to 11.88, 9.56, 20.63 and 12.64% at -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively, at 6 times thawing (P<0.05). Conclusively, myosin was denaturated by freezing treatment and LMM or myosin rod part might have suffered from more extreme demage than HMM S-1, and samples at $-50^{\circ}C$ were slightly injured less than others by freezing treatment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.241-255
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental geochemical characteristics for the acid mine drainage and stream sediments in the abandoned Honam coal mine area. For the chemical analysis, stream winter samples were collected at 54 sites and for the mineralogical and chemical analysis, stream sediments samples were collected at 34 sites. Physical and chemical characteristics of stream water were measured at the site and chemical compositions were analyzed by ICP-AES, ICP-MS and IC. Mineralogical characteristics of stream sediments samples were determined using XRD, SEM and EDS. In physical and chemical properties, stream water shows thats pH 2.85~8.12, Eh -62~215 mV, EC 0.205~146 ms/m, ER 0.234~255 {$\Omega}{\cdot}$m, DO 0.03~1068 mg/L and TDS 10.96~1420mg/L. In chemical compositions, we obtain that K 0.118~3.184 mg/L, Mg 2.1~114.48 mg/L, Ca 2.59~l25.02 mg/L, Al 0.01~44.72 mg/L, Fe 0.108~89.49 mg/L and Na 5.45~125.41 mg/L. Stream sediments are commonly composed of quartz, illite and goethite in the result of x-ray diffraction. After heat treatment at 98$0^{\circ}C$, the hematite peaks are distinctly shown. In consideration of heavy metals (include Fe) for steam sediments, Fe ranges 22575~34713 ppm, Zn 41.66~970.3 ppm, Cd 0.52~52.07 ppm, Cu 1.25~198.5 ppm and Pb 0.43~77.35 ppm.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 1992

Tetradentate Schiff base Cobalt(II)(3MeOSED)$(H_2O)_2$ complexe was synthesized and allowed to react with dry oxygen to form oxygen adducts of Cobalt(III) complexes such as ${\mu}$-peroxo type [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(DMF)]$_2O_2$ and [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(DMSO)]$_2O_2$in DMF and DMSO or superoxo type [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(Py)]$O_2$ in pyridine. The oxygen adducted complex was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and DPP method with glassy carbon electrode in 0.1M TEAP-DMF (-DMSO,-Py) as supporting electrolyte solution. As a result the reduction reaction process occurred to four steps including prewave Of $O_2^-$in 1 : 1 oxygen adducted superoxo type [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(Py)]$O_2$complex and three steps not including prewave of $O_2^-$ in 1 : 2 oxygen adducted ${\mu}$-peroxo type [Co(III)-(3MeOSED)(DMF)]$_2O_2$ and [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(DMSO)]$_2O_2$. A superoxo type [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(L)]$O_2\;(L: CH_3OH)$ was generated with oxygen in methanol. Selectively oxidized hydrazobenzene $(H_2AB)$ to trans-azobenzene(t-AB) and the rate constant k for oxidation reaction of the following equation is $(2.96 {\pm} 0.2)$${\times}$ $10^{-1}$M/sec. $H_2AB$ + Co (II)(3MeOSED)$(L_2)+O_2\;{\rightleftarrow^K}$ [Co(III)(3MeOSED)(L)]$O_2{\cdot}H_2AB{\longrightarrow^K}$ Co(II(3MeOSED)$(L)_2$+t-AB+$H_2O_2 $.