• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hyundai Motor Company

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Study of NO Storage and Reduction on LNT by Micro Bench-Flow Reactor (마이크로 벤치-플로우 리액터를 이용한 LNT 촉매의 NO 흡장과 정화성능에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Joo-Wung;Hwang, Seung-Kwon;Hwang, In-Goo;Park, Sim-Soo;Lee, Jin-Ha;Yeo, Gwon-Koo
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.35 no.8
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    • pp.789-798
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    • 2011
  • We carry out an experimental investigation to analyze the basic performance of NO(nitric oxide) storage in a lean phase and also analyze the NO reduction achieved by the spraying of reducing agents in the rich phase of the exhaust gas in an LNT(Lean NOx Trap). This is an after-treatment system used to reduce the NOx emissions from a diesel engine. If the stored NO is reduced, we measure the outlet concentration downstream of the LNT. The test LNT material used in the experiments is commercial LNT. After being canned into stainless-steel(SUS304), it was built in a micro bench-flow reactor. Compositions of feed gases, three heated and three no heated gases were sprayed upstream of the LNT to analyze the characteristics. We use various temperatures and space velocities as response variables.

Quantitative Analysis of Quadrupole Noise Sources upon Quick Opening The Throttle (쓰로틀밸브 급개방시 기류소음의 4극음원에 대한 정량적 해석)

  • Kim Jaeheon;Cheong Cheolung;Kim SungTae;Lee Soogab
    • Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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    • spring
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    • pp.469-474
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    • 2002
  • In recent years, modularization of engine parts has increased the application of plastic products in air intake systems. Plastic intake manifolds provide many advantages including reduced weight, contracted cost, and lower intake air temperatures. These manifolds, however, have some weakness when compared with customary aluminium intake manifolds, in that they have low sound transmission loss because of their lower material density. This low transmission loss of plastic intake manifolds causes several problems related to flow noise, especially when the throttle is opened quickly. The physical processes, responsible for this flow noise, include turbulent fluid motion and relative motion of the throttle to the airflow. The former is generated by high-speed airflow in the splits between the throttle valve and the inner-surface of the throttle body and surge-tank, which can be categorized into the quadrupole source. The latter induces the unsteady force on the flow, which can be classified into the dipole source. In this paper, the mechanism of noise generation from the turbulence is only investigated as a preliminary study. Stochastic noise source synthesis method is adopted for the analysis of turbulence-induced, i.e. quadrupole noise by throttle at quick opening state. The method consists of three procedures. The first step corresponds to the preliminary time-averaged Navier-Stokes computation with a $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model providing mean flow field characteristics. The second step is the synthesis of time-dependent turbulent velocity field associated with quadrupole noise sources. The final step is devoted to the determination of acoustic source terms associated with turbulent velocity. For the first step, we used market available analysis tools such as STAR-CD, the trade names of fluid analysis tools available on the market. The steady state flows at three open angle of throttle valve, i.e. 20, 35 and 60 degree, are numerically analyzed. Then, time-dependent turbulent velocity fields are produced by using the stochastic model and the flow analysis results. Using this turbulent velocity field, the turbulence-originated noise sources, i.e. the self-noise and shear-noise sources are synthesized. Based on these numerical results, it is found that the origin of the turbulent flow and noise might be attributed to the process of formulation and the interaction of two vortex lines formed in the downstream of the throttle valve. These vortex lines are produced by the non-uniform splits between the throttle valve and inner cylinder surface. Based on the analysis, we present the low-noise design of the inner geometry of throttle body.

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Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Deodorant by Adding a Metal Oxide to the Essential Oils (식물정유물질에 금속산화물을 첨가한 탈취제의 휘발성유기화합물질의 제거에 관한 연구)

  • Lim, You-Young;Lee, Min-Ho;Jeon, Soo-Bin;Yang, Kyeong-Soon;Jeong, Hae-Eun;Oh, Kwang-Joong
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.96-105
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    • 2016
  • VOCs emissions from industries cause the air pollution and odor. In the industrial facilities, the existing odor treatment techniques have limits and problems. In this study, the optimum essential oil and metal oxide selected by screening test. lavender oil, cypress oil and TiO2 were determined by deodorant materials and those were blended by 5%, 45%, 10%, respectively. In addition, the result of batch type experiments depending on the dilution rate, injection, rate, temperature showed that the optimum condition of deodorant is 6 mL of injection rate, and 200 times of dilution rate and the removal efficiency increased in proportion with temperature. In addition, the activation energy was calculated from the rate equation, which appeared in the 3-4 times lower than conventional deodorants.

Technical Trends of Hydrogen Manufacture, Storage and Transportation System for Fuel Cell Vehicle (연료전지자동차용 수소제조와 저장·운반기술동향)

  • Kil, Sang-Cheol;Hwang, Young-Gil
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.48-59
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    • 2016
  • The earth has been warming due to $CO_2$ gas emissions from fossil fuel cars and a ship. So the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle(FCV) using hydrogen as a fossil fuel alternative energy is in the spotlight. Hyundai Motor Company of Korea and a car companies of the US, Japan, Germany is developing a FCV a competitive. Obtained hydrogen as a by-product of the coke plant, oil refineries, chemical plants of steel mill, coal is reacted with steam at high temperatures, methane gas, manufacture of high purity hydrogen Methane Steam Reforming and hydrogen detachable reforming method using the Pressure Swing Adsorption or Membrane Reforming technical or decomposition of water to produce electricity. Hydrogen is the electronic industry, metal and chemical industries, which are used as rocket fuel, etc. are used in factories, hospitals, home of the fuel Ene.Farm system or FCV. And a method of storing hydrogen is to store liquid hydrogen and a method for compressing normal hydrogen to the hydrogen container, by storing the latest hydride or Organic chemical hydride method is used to carry the hydrogen station. Korea is currently 13 hydrogen stations in place and in operation, plans to install a further 43 places.

Studies on Photoprotection of Walnut Veneer Exposed to UV Light (자외선 노출에 의한 Walnut 베니어의 광 변색 방지 연구)

  • Park, Se-Yeong;Hong, Chang-Young;Kim, Seon-Hong;Choi, June-Ho;Lee, Hyo-Jin;Choi, In-Gyu
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.221-230
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of several chemical treatments to prevent photodegradation of wood veneer by external UV (Ultraviolet) light. Of woods, walnut veneer is selected as a raw material for this study since it is known as a luxurious wood with dark color giving an esthetic effect. Alcohol-benzene, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution were used for investigate the effect on color stabilization. Despite the removal of the extractive compounds, which is known as a discoloration component, a significant color change of walnut wood veneer was observed. Meanwhile, the veneers treated by 20 and 30% $H_2O_2$ solution at $75^{\circ}C$ for 1 h also showed the no positive effect of color stability exposed to UV light although they have a bleaching effect on wood veneer. Besides, it was difficult to maintain the original color of walnut veneer due to the elution of the extractive compounds. On the other hands, the veneer treated by NaClO solution indicated the good performance on color stability despite of the intensive UV light test. However, when the concentration exceeds 3%, surface roughness and fiber damage occurred simultaneously. Therefore, the walnut species should be treated with proper concentration when sodium hypochlorite is applied to the veneer.

Prediction of Stacking Angles of Fiber-reinforced Composite Materials Using Deep Learning Based on Convolutional Neural Networks (합성곱 신경망 기반의 딥러닝을 이용한 섬유 강화 복합재료의 적층 각도 예측)

  • Hyunsoo Hong;Wonki Kim;Do Yoon Jeon;Kwanho Lee;Seong Su Kim
    • Composites Research
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.48-52
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    • 2023
  • Fiber-reinforced composites have anisotropic material properties, so the mechanical properties of composite structures can vary depending on the stacking sequence. Therefore, it is essential to design the proper stacking sequence of composite structures according to the functional requirements. However, depending on the manufacturing condition or the shape of the structure, there are many cases where the designed stacking angle is out of range, which can affect structural performance. Accordingly, it is important to analyze the stacking angle in order to confirm that the composite structure is correctly fabricated as designed. In this study, the stacking angle was predicted from real cross-sectional images of fiber-reinforced composites using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning. Carbon fiber-reinforced composite specimens with several stacking angles were fabricated and their cross-sections were photographed on a micro-scale using an optical microscope. The training was performed for a CNN-based deep learning model using the cross-sectional image data of the composite specimens. As a result, the stacking angle can be predicted from the actual cross-sectional image of the fiber-reinforced composite with high accuracy.

Semiological Implication of Dance Images in TV Advertisement (TV광고에 나타난 무용이미지의 기호학적 의미에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Ayoung
    • Trans-
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    • v.1
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    • pp.21-44
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    • 2016
  • Advertisement is composed with symbol and sign with messages trying to express. Especially, ad with dancer introduces goods or meaning of contents with the motion of dance. In this, contents of dance or motion of dancer contains symbol and sign, understanding how ad and dance are expressed meanings with which symbol and the symbolic meaning of dance or dancer on ad. To that end, this study is for analyzing expressed symbol with dance corresponds with the aim of ad and finding the way or attitude of how normal people accept dance by reevaluating symbolic meaning of dance itself. In this study, advertisement producer and director's related data is secured for understanding direction and intention of producer, and previous study related with the study purpose, image, and effect are analyzed for understanding image of dance as a physical sign on TV advertisement. With data from www.TVCF.co.kr. TV advertisement analysis is conducted only with four ads in 2008(Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., Lotte Dept. Store(premium sale/gift card), Hyundai Motor Company Santa Fe -Pilobolus) and one ad in 2011(PNS The zone Sash Italy Arena di Verona when dance was used for advertisement with the highest frequency per year. Also, based on considered important factors from repeatedly watching each advertisement, scenes where movement or motion of dancer and screen word is greatly changed are analyzed as a priority. Image analysis of dance is conducted with structure studies based on physical image(line, costume, expression) and dan image(type motion, qualitative feature, mood of dance). As a result, the symbolic dance image appeared in TV advertisement can be discussed as follows. First, symbol and sign of dance on advertisement corresponds with material objects of advertisement. For instance, on the TV advertisement where Lee Youngwoo appeared, his motion as a signifer means challenge for the future of Nam Kwang Eng. & Const Co., with fast turn, jump, assemble turning jump, and sliding. Second, physical image of dancer depending on intention of sender corresponds in general, but there are somewhat differences in image of dance. This makes people to unconsciously recognize symbolic image of dance on TV ad while they watch it at the same time. Especially, when it comes to advertisement, it exposes frequently with broadcasting of organized programs from a broadcaster, living long-time memory. It can be differ based on idea and character of each of receiver. Advertisement is a medium making people naturally adopt cultural art for ordinary people in their lives. Broadcasting public art from TV advertisement widely exposes pure art to people, which was only avaliable for minority, sublimating it as an art of public culture.

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Removal Efficiency of the Deodorization Equipment and Characteristics of Malodor during the Process in Co-treatment of Sewage and Food Waste of Su-young Wastewater Treatment Plant in Busan (부산수영하수처리장 하수와 음식물쓰레기 병합처리 시 공정별 악취특성 및 후처리시설 효율평가)

  • Lee, Hyung-Don;Kang, Dae-Jong;Lee, Min-Ho;Kang, Dong-Hyo;Oh, Kwang-Joong
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.379-389
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    • 2012
  • Environmental issues are being paid more attention due to income growth, urban overcrowding, and population growth in Korea. Among the various environmental problems, odor damage is the one of the serious factors. To take example for food waste combination treatment in Su-young wastewater treatment plant in Busan, many complaints occurred because this plant locate around residential areas. The purpose of this work is not only to analyze odorous elements and their contributions but also to evaluate odor quotient (OQ), sum of odor quotient (SOQ), and treatment efficiency of bio-filter. The results of dilution sensory test of complex odor, grinder, leachate, hopper indicated higher order complex odors happen in July and August. The main odorous elements consisted of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methly mercaptan and acetaldehyde, which were analyzed by instrumental detection method, and methyl mercaptan was exceeded over 3,571 times of threshold. In addition, result of contribution of odor was methyl mercaptan (49.95 to 59.08%), hydrogen sulfide (20.43 to 29.27%), trimethylamine (8.82 to 13.42%) and acetaldehyde (9.17 to 11.35%). Other facilities were compared with the contribution of the odor using OQ and SOQ during the process. Sulfur compounds, acetaldehyde, and trimethylamine are high contribution of odor using OQ as well as odor intensity of grinding process is highest. As a result, sulfur compounds (e.g., methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide) are highest for OQ and SOQ of grinding process is highest as 7,067. The removal efficiency of deodorization equipment was more than 90.00% in ammonia and amines, but the average efficiency of sulfur compounds was 53.51%. Thus, this facility is more higher contribution of acetaldehyde and trimethylamine than other treatment facilities. And food waste treatment in environmental area needs to consider appropriate capacity and refers to other bio-filter operating conditions.

A Study on the Relationship between Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Health Promoting Life Style among Some Workers (일부 직업인들의 근골격계 자각증상과 강증진생활양식간의 연관성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang Hong-Gu;Lee Eun-Kyoung;Jun Sun-Young;Kim Sang-Deok;Jeoung Jae-Yeal;Lee Yong-Gil;Jahng Doo-Sub;Song Yung-Sun;Lee Ki-Nam
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.40-68
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    • 2001
  • In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant difference in gender, age, residence style and employment period and nutrition in gender, age, residence style and employment period. Stress management showed significant difference in residence style and employment period and however not in personal relationship. 7. Health promotion life style relating with existence and kind of pain showed significant difference in all area except personal relationship area. In absence of pain, there was statistically significant high score in all area even in total health promotion life style and all area. Accounting of kind of pain, cases of $1{\sim}2$ kinds of pain and $5{\sim}6$ kinds of pain showed relatively high score and it was lower than mark of subject stated absence of pain. 8. Subjects appeal symptom were classified by symptom region and difference of total and each areas were evaluated. General area (p=0.002), self-realization (p=0.012), health management (p=0.023), physical exercise (p=0.028), nutrition management (p=0.028) and stress control (p=0.001) showed statistically significant difference and not in personal relationship area. Especially, elbow, shoulder and neck area marked high and group appealed pain of knee, arm and elbow, foot and ankle marked low. Based on those results, subjective symptom should be accounted seriously in diagnosis of occupational musculoskeletal disease of laborer and among subjective symptom, general characteristics of gender, age, condition of living, education level and employment period make effect. Generally subject appeal symptom marked lower than subject without symptom appeal and it means that life management of subject appealing musculoskeletal pain make important role in management and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disease.

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Research on the Relation between Musculoskeletal symptoms and Diagnosis using Moire Topography among Workers at an Automobile Manufacturing Plant (자동차회사 근로자를 대상으로 한 근골격계 자각증상과 moire 영상 진단과의 관계 연구)

  • Chun Eun-Joo;Lee Young-Gil;Jahng Doo-Sub;Lee Ki-Nam;Song Yung-Sun
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.69-92
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    • 2001
  • The purposes of this study were to offer foundation making more certain standards of musculoskeletal disorder diagnosis, We researched musculoskeletal symptoms degrees, frequencies, and cares and then examined relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions using moire topography among workers at an automobile manufacturing plant. Therefore we propose the possibility of moire topography as diagnosing utilities of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study was to examine the general characteristics, complaints of musculoskeletal symptoms, and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates of cervicobrachial and lumbar area by survey among 435 workers at an automobile manufacturing plant and then to show each frequency and percentage, In the diagnosis using moire topography, we studied pain control necessity of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, 435 subjects were classified by 5 levels: A(no symptoms), B(need management), C(need treatment) and then more divided by B1(light symptoms)/B2(heavy symptoms), C1(light symptoms)/C2(heavy symptoms), And musculoskeletal areas were divided by 2 parts, cervicobrachial area(neck, shoulder, arm&elbow, and wrist&hand) and lumbar area, Then, frequency and percentage of each musculoskeletal areas(cervicobrachial and lumbar area) were appeared. At last, Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to observe the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and general characteristics and the relation between diagnosis using moire topography and work-related complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area, Results: The subjects employed for this research were categorized into; by gender, all of them were males(l00%): by age, under 35 years 12 %, 36-40 years 56.3%, 41-45 years 26.3 %, and above 46 years 5.3% with 36-40 years accounting for most of it. By living location, owned houses represented 69.7%, rented houses 23.4%, monthly-rented 1.6%, the others 5.3%; by education, middle school and lower represented 3.0%, high school 89.4%, and junior college and higher 7.6% with high school occupying most of the group. By marital status, married represented 95.2%, unmarried 4.1%, and the others 0.7% with most of them married; by alcohol, drinking represented 81.8% and non-drinking 18.2%; by smoking status, smoking represented 53.6%, non-smoking 46.4% with no big difference between them. By working time(hours/week), below 50 represented 26.9%, 50-60 67.6%, above 60 5.5%; by working time(hours/day), below 9 represented 21.6%, 10-12 73.1%, above 13 5.3%; by job tenure(years), below 10 represented 25.1%, 11-15 54.3%, 16-20 15.2%, above 21 5.5%. By personal income per year, below 30 million won represented 11.0%, 30-40 84.8%, above 40 4.1%; by sleeping hours, below 6 hours represented 26.7%, 7-8 hours 69.9%, above 9 hours 3.4%. Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related musculoskeletal disorder rates were 63.9% and 54.9% with shoulder area occupying most of both them. By pain degree of musculoskeletal symptoms, shoulder area represented $2.73{\pm}0.84$, lumbar area $2.66{\pm}0.86$, wrist and hand area $2.59{\pm}0.86$, neck area $2.55{\pm}0.74$, and arm and elbow area $2.48{\pm}0.71$. By cares about musculoskeletal symptoms, taking medication or care represented 34.4%-46.7%, absence or leave 15.4%-28.7%, and job transfer 6.3%-11.5%. So experienced cases more than one thing among cares about musculoskeletal symptoms represented 39.6%-54%. In the diagnosis using moire topography, pain control necessity of cervicobrachial area was shown below; A(no symptoms) 20.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 64.6%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 11.5%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 3.0%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) 0.2%. By lumbar area, A(no symptoms) 8.7%, B1(need management/light symptoms) 52.2%, B2(need management/heavy symptoms) 30.3%, C1(need treatment/light symptoms) 8.7%, C2(need treatment/heavy symptoms) was none. In the relation between pain control necessity and general characteristics, age(P=0.013), education(P=0.000), and job tenure(P=0.012) with pain control necessity showed differences with significance. The relation between pain control necessity and complaint of musculoskeletal symptoms of cervicobrachial and lumbar area showed no difference with significance; in cervicobrachial area represented P=0.708, lumbar area P=0.318 Conclusions: This study for musculoskeletal symptoms on workers at automobile manufacturing plant showed that complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were so high, 63.9%. But Pearson's chi-square test analysis was utilized to study the relation between musculoskeletal symptoms and the diagnosis using moire topography, showed no differences with significance. They have no differences with significance, but the prevalence rates of diagnosis using moire topography for cervicobrachial and lumbar area were more higher than complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms; complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms were 52.4%, 34.5% and the diagnosis using moire topography were 79.3%, 91.3% for cervicobrachial and lumbar area. The results of this study indicate that the diagnosis using moire topography can find weak musculoskeletal disorders that an individual can not feel, not be judged work-related musculoskeletal disease. Therefore, this study has an important meaning that diagnosis using moire topography can predict and control own physical condition complete musculoskeletal disorders beforehand, since oriental medicine theory considers that prevention is important.

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