• Mycobiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

Chestnut blight disease caused by Cryphonectria parasitica is widely distributed throughout chestnut tree plantations in Korea. We surveyed 65 sites located at 9 provinces in South Korea, and isolated 248 virulent and 3 hypovirulent strains of chestnut blight fungus. Hypovirulent strains had dsRNA virus in the cytoplasm, which is one of the typical characteristics of hypovirulent strains. In addition, they showed more characteristics of hypovirulent strains, i.e., suppressed conidiation, reduced pigmentation in colony color, and reduced phenol oxidase activity as well as reduced pathogenicity. Hypovirulent strains, KCPH-22, KCPH-135 and KCPH-136, had a genomic dsRNA band with the molecular weight of 12.7 kb, which is the L-dsRNA of CHV1. They also had a 2.7 kb defective dsRNA band. Single conidia isolated from hypovirulent strains were cultured and various phenotypes and absence of dsRNA bands were obtained from single conidial cultures, which means that hypovirulence transmission is unstable in asexual reproduction and variations in viral heredity by asexual reproduction. Biocontrol trial using hypovirulent strains was also carried out in the chestnut tree plantations, and canker expansion in the treated trees was stopped and healed by callus formation at the margin of the canker. These results show the potentials in successful biocontrol of chestnut blight if the vegetatively compatible hypovirulent strains could be directly used around the canker formed by compatible virulent strains.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

In this study, we describe Korean isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis infected with double-stranded (ds) RNA virus (TVV). One T. vaginalis isolate infected with TVV IH-2 evidenced weak pathogenicity in the mouse assay coupled with the persistent presence of a dsRNA, thereby indicating a hypovirulence effect of dsRNA in T. vaginalis. Cloning and sequence analysis results revealed that the genomic dsRNA of TVV IH-2 was 4,647 bp in length and evidenced a sequence identity of 80% with the previously-described TVV 1-1 and 1-5, but only a 42% identity with TVV 2-1 and 3 isolates. It harbored 2 overlapping open reading frames of the putative capsid protein and dsRNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). As previously observed in the TVV isolates 1-1 and 1-5, a conserved ribosomal slip-page heptamer (CCUUUUU) and its surrounding sequence context within the consensus 14-nt overlap implied the gene expression of a capsid protein-RdRp fusion protein, occurring as the result of a potential ribosomal frameshift event. The phylogenetic analysis of RdRp showed that the Korean TVV If-2 isolate formed a compact group with TVV 1-1 and 1-5 isolates, which was divergent from TVV 2-1, 3 and other viral isolates classified as members of the Giardiavirus genus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.23-23
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• 2003

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is the most destructive disease of American and European chestnut trees. A total of 672 C prasitica was isolated from blight lesion on chestnut twigs, which were collected from major chestnut plantations all over Korea in 1999. Isolation rates were over 30% in Kyunggj-, Kyongnam-, and Chonnam-do. The highest isolation rate was 37.4% and recorded in Kyongnam-do. On the other hand, Chonbuk-do had the lowest isolation rate as 13.5%. In grouping of C parasitica by colony shape and color, yellow colony with irregular margin were the most dominant colony type with a frequency of 65.2%. When the 672 isolates were inoculated on the chestnut twigs, 380 isolates (56.5%) caused lesions larger than the standard virulent isolate EP155-2, while 158 isolates (23.4%) caused smaller lesions than the standard hypovirulent isolate UEP-1. In Bavendamm test that determines phenol oxidase activity, 97.1% of all the isolates resulted the same or darker discoloration than EP155-2, and only 12.2% resulted the same or lighter discoloration than UEP-1. In the vegetative compatibility (VC) tests, total 670 isolates were divided into 121 VC groups (VCGs). Kyongnam-, Chonnam-, and Chungnam-do, the three principal chestnut plantation area, had 49, 33, and 27 VCGs, respectively. Among the VCGs, the biggest VCG, KR-VC104, was composed of 164 isolates and the second biggest VCG had 62 isolates. But, 64 of 121 VCGs consisted of sole member. More than 65.8% of KR-VC104, was isolated from the three provinces, Kyongnam-, Kangwon-, and Chungbuk-do. In KR-VC104, 62.8%, 59.1%, and 85.9% of the isolates looked like virulent in colony type, pathogenicity test, and Bavendamm test. In ds-RNA detection tests using cellulose chromatography, 77 of total 650 isolates were ds-RNA positive and detected ds-RNA segments were approximately 12kb, 3kb, 2.7kb, 2kb, and 1.8kb in size. Among the 77 isolates, 46 isolates had 12kb and 25 isolates had 12kb and 2.7kb. Other 6 Isolates had small ds-RNA segments. Kyongnam-, Chonnam-, and Chungnam-do had 43, 16, and 5 ds-RNA positive isolates, respectively. Among the 121 VCGs, only 29 VCGs had ds-RNA positive isolates.(중략)