• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1980.09a
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• pp.1-3
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• 1980

To investigate the effect of ginseng on blood pressure (B.P.) in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and essential hypertension ginseng extract was given per se daily in 58 SHR and 35 essential hypertensive patients. SHR were divided into 5 groups according to the dosage of ginseng. In essential hypertension 1,000mg of ginseng extract was given. The B.P. in SHR was measured by tail cuff method. In essential hypertension side effect and changes in various laboratory examinations were evaluated. In SHR ginseng appeared to have hypertensive effect when it is given in small amount(10mg/kg). However, when it is given 60mg/kg/day or more difinite B.P. lowering effect was observed. The hypotensive effect was dosedependant and it lasted for 37days of observation. In essential hypertension in 12 $(80\%)$ among 15 patients hypotensive effect was seen with ginseng administration along and the effect lasted for 12 weeks. In the rest of hypertensive patients it is required addition of diuretics of other antihypertensive drugs to decrease B.P., no appreciable side effect was seen. In laboratory examinations no significant changes were seen except for serum cholesterol, ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}-lipoprotein,$ and hematocrit. There was some evidence of relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) and ginseng in hypotensive action.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2024

Objectives: Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure performed by intraoral approach with established and safe techniques; however, excessive blood loss has been reported in rare cases. In response, investigative efforts to identify methods to reduce the amount of blood loss have been made. Among such methods, the administration of tranexamic acid was reported to reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss. However, few studies to date have reported the effect of tranexamic acid in orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the administration of tranexamic acid on intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing bimaxillary (maxillary and mandibular) orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia. Patients and Methods: A total of 156 patients (mean age, 27.0±10.8 years) who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia performed by the same surgeon between June 2013 and February 2022 were included in this study. The following data were collected from the medical records of each patient: background factors (age, sex, and body mass index), use of tranexamic acid, surgical procedures, previous medical history, duration of surgery, American Society of Anesthesiology physical status findings before surgery, intraoperative blood loss as a primary outcome, in-out balance, and blood test results. Descriptive statistics were calculated for statistical analysis, and a t-test and the chi-squared test were used for between-group comparisons. Group comparisons were performed after 1:1 propensity score matching to adjust for confounding factors. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Comparison between the groups based on the use of tranexamic acid revealed a significant difference in operation time. Propensity score matching analysis revealed that intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid group. Conclusion: The administration of tranexamic acid was effective in reducing intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 1984

Attempts were to investigate the effects of 'Bojungikgi-tang' on the digestive system, blood pressure and diuresis. The results showed that relaxing action was shown on the isolated ileum in mice and that strong antagonistic actions were seen on $BaCl_2$, acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of the ileum in mice and guinea-pigs that the relaxing effect of the intestinal smooth muscle was recognized. Inhibitory effects on transport rate in the small intestine of mice and castor oil-induced catharsis in mice were noted. Inhibitory action on the secretion of gastric juice, pH ascending effect and decreasing effect of the free acidity and total acidity were recognized. Continuous hypotensive action was seen, but when the vagus nerve was cut, hypotensive action was remarkably decreased. The diuretic effect was also recognized.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 1979

This study was undertaken to search for a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in natural crude products in Korea. Betula schmidtii Regel, a tree belonging to the Betulaceae family, is cultivated for the most part of our country, and their cortecies or tree milk has been used as folk remedy, which exerted good antiinflammatory effect on rheumatic fever, arthritis or rheumatism. The rats were treated with several extracts from Betula schmidtii Regel, that is, extracts of water, methanol from inner cortecies, extracts of ether, methanol, hexane, chloroform or butanol from outer and total cortecies. In this experiment, we measured the blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized rats, and atropine, diphenhydramine, phentolamine, propranolol, epinephrine, hexamethonium and hydralazine were pretreated prior to Betula extracts to clarify the mechanism of the hypotensive action. The results of the experiment were as follows; 1. BOIE(Betula outer cortex water-insoluble extract) and BICE(Betula inner cortex chloroform extract) elevated the blood pressure and heart rate. 2. BIME(Betula inner cortex methanol extract), BIBE(Betula inner cortex butanol extract) and BIWE (Betula inner cortex water extract) significantly lowered the blood pressure and heart rate. 3. With the pretreatment of hydralazine, the hypotensive effect of Betula schmidtii Regel was significantly blocked. From the above results, it is suggested that the hypotensive effect of Betula schmidtii Regel is due to the direct vasodilation of blood vessel.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.980-987
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the hypotensive effect of egg white protein (EWP) hydrolysate (EWH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The hydrolysis of EWP was effectively performed with a combination of 0.5% bromelain and 1% papain at 50℃ for 60 min. The resulting hydrolysate did not elicit an allergic reaction as confirmed by human mast cell activation test. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the SHRs fed the EWH diet were observed to be significantly or numerically lower than those of the other groups during the experimental period of 28 d. EWH treatment significantly (p<0.05) upregulated the nitric oxide levels in hCMEC/D3 cells and the plasma of the SHRs compared to those in the control. Moreover, EWH ingestion significantly (p<0.01) reduced the plasma angiotensin II level of the SHRs compared with that in the control. In conclusion, beyond its basic nutritional value, EWH prevents and manages hypertension, and thus can be an invaluable resource for functional food development.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 1979

This study was attempted to investigate the pharmacological action, especially depressor action of Phellodendri cortex and to elucidate the mechanism of its action, making use of Phellodendri cortex methanol extract (PCME) because its hypotensive action is not clear. Influence of PCME on the blood pressure of the rabbits and cats were observed in this study. PCME, when given intravenously in the rabbits and cats, elicited the hypotensive action, but intraventricular PCME in the rabbits did not show depressor action. Accumulation and tachyphylaxis by PCME administered into the ear-vein of the rabbits were not shown. Depressor effect of PCME in the rabbits was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with phentolamine, guanethidine, chorisondamine and atropine, but not by propranolol, diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine and vagotomization. The pressor activity of angiotensin was unimpaired after injection of maximal hypotensive doses (100mg/kg) of PCME, but the pressor activity of norepinephrine and carotid occlusion was abolished markedly. In addition, PCME given into jugular vein of the cats weakened norepinephrine pressor responses and caused the reversal of epinephrine pressor responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive action of PCME may be due to dual mechanisms by interference with peripheral sympathetic function, alpha adrenoceptor blocking action, and peripheral parasympathomimetics action, muscarinic action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-149
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• 1994

Intravenous administration of hydro-methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus (3-10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradcardiac effects. These effects remianed unaltered in atropinized animals indicating that cardiovascular effects of the plant extract are not medliated through activation of muscarinic receptors. In the in vitro studies, it suppressed the spontaneous contractions of guinea-pig paired atria, rat ulterus and rabbit jejunum in a concentration-dependent (0.1-1 mg/ml) manner. It also inhibited histanmine or acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig ieum indicating non-sepcific spasmolytic action. In rabbit aorta, it inhibited norepinephrine $(10\;mu{M)}$ as well as $K^+$ (80mM)-induced contractions at similar concentrations (0.1-1 mg/ml). These data indicate that cyperus scariosus contains $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker-like constituent(s) which may explain hypotensive effect observed in vivo and the general spasmolytic activity of plant explain its folkloric use in diarrhoea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1980

Berberine, when administered into a ear-vein of the rabbit anesthetized with urethane, produced a long-lasting, dose related fall in blood pressure, but intraventricular berberline did not elicit the hypotensive response. This hypotensive activity of berberine was not influenced by pretreatment of vagotomization and atropine. Depressor responses induced by berberine were not impaired by diphenhydramine, chlorisondamine, guanethidine and propranolol, but reduced significantly by phentolamine pretreatment. Berberine attenuated markedly prossor responses of norepinephrine and epinephrine. These results suggest that berberine causes the hypotensive activity that is attributable to alpha adrenoceptor blockade, but not to a direct relaxant effect upon vascular smooth muscle.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.463-475
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• 1993

Pharmacological effects of lemakalim on cardiovascular system were investigated using isolated rat hearts and conscious SHRs subjected to hyperkalemic and hypokalemic condition. In the isolated hearts perfused with normal physiological salt solution(4.7 mM KCI), lemakalim increased cardiac function and coronary flow, and these effects were significantly potentiated under hypokalemic(1.2, 2.5 mM KCI), but attenuated under hyperkalemic(IO mM KCI) condition. In conscious SHRS, lemakalim(0.1, 0.2, 0.3mg/kg, p.o.) produced a dose-related decrease in systolic blood pressure, the maximal hypotensive effect being reached around 0.5 hr after dosing. The intensity and the duration of hypotensive effect of lemakalim were significantly increased when administered in combination with dihydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg, p.o.), but decreased with triamterene(32 mg/kg, p.o.). It appears that the differential effects of two types of diuretics on the hypotensive action of lemakalim are due to their hypokalemic and hyperkalemic action, respectively. It is conclued that the concomitant use of $K^{+}$ channel openers and hypokalemic diuretics may be an appropriate model of combination therapy in the treatment of hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.448-451
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• 2006

To investigate the hypotensive effect of germinated brown rice, spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed with experimental diets for 6 weeks; control group fed with standard diet, rice group fed with diet containing 50% rice, brown rice group fed with diet containing 50% brown rice and germinated brown rice group fed with diet containing 50% germinated brown rice. Body weight gain and FER (food efficiency ratio) of germinated brown rice group, $86.3\;{\pm}\;11.1\;g$ and $10.4\;{\pm}\;1.4%$, were significantly lower than those of other groups. Systolic blood pressure of germinated brown rice group after feeding for 6 weeks was $169.2\;{\pm}\;6.2\;mmHg$, which was significantly lower than those of other groups and decreased largely compared to that of beginning stage. And blood triglyceride of germinated brown rice group, $138.4\;{\pm}\;29.5\;mg/dL$, was significantly lower than those of other groups, but all groups didn't s show significantly difference in total and HDL-cholesterol of blood. These results suggested that germ mated brown rice had hypotensive effect on spontaneously hypotensive rats.