• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.17
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

인슐린의존형당뇨병 환자의 혈당조절의 방법으로 먼저 식이요법과 운동이 권장되며, 이러한 방법으로 혈당조절이 만족스럽지 않을 때 경구혈당강하제를 사용하는 것은 혈당조절과 합병증 예방에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 국내에서는 경구혈당강하제로 설폰요소제, 비구아나이드제인 메트포르민(metformin) 및 알파글루코시다제(${\alpha}$-glucosidase) 억제제인 아카보스(acarbose) 등이 사용되고 있다. 새로 개발중인 트로글리타존, 지방산 산화 억제제 등의 약제는 아직 임상에서 널리 사용되고 있지는 않다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.75-75
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• 1997

뛰어난 혈당강하작용을 가지고 있는 oxirane carboxilic acid의 analogue 합성과 관련하여 oxirane carboxilic acid의 기본골격을 용이하게 형성할 수 있고 동시에 다앙한 관능기를 갖는 side chain을 도입할 수 있는 방법을 개발함으로써 다양한 유도체들을 합성하는데 이용하고자 함. 방법 및 결과 $\alpha$,$\beta$-unsaturated ester로부터 dioxirane을 이용한 직접적인 epoxidation을 통해서 보통의 방법으로는 얻기 어려운 oxirane carboxilic acid의 ester를 높은 수율로 합성할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었으며 특히 분자내에 cpoxide 존재하에서도 Mitsnobu 방법을 이용한 O-alkylation에 의해 aryl ether 결합을 형성할 수 있는 방법이 개발되었으며 이들 방법을 이용하여 다양한 유도체들을 합성하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.202-208
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• 2004

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic derangement with hyperglycaemia being the most characteristic symptom of diabetes. Hyperglycaemia can be caused by an increase in the rate of glucose production by the liver or by a decrease in the rate of glucose use by peripheral tissues. Impaired glucose transport is one of the major factors contributing to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. The ability of insulin to mediate tissue glucose uptake is a critical step in maintaining glucose homeostasis and in clearing the post-prandial glucose load. Glucose transport is mediated by specific carriers called glucose transporters (GLUTs). In this article, the functional importance and molecular mechanisms of insulin-induced glucose transport and development of hypoglycaemic agents which increase glucose transport are reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to detect signals of adverse events (AEs) of DPP-IV inhibitors using the KIDs-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KAERS) database. Methods: This study was conducted using AEs reported from January 2009 to December 2018 in the KIDs-KAERS database. For signal detection, disproportionality analysis was performed. Signals of DPP-IV inhibitor that satisfied the data-mining indices of reporting odds ratio (ROR) were detected. Results: Among the total number of 10,364 AEs to all oral hypoglycemic agents, the number of reported AEs related to DPP-IV inhibitors was 1,674. Analysis of reported AEs of DPP-IV inhibitors at the SOC levels showed that Respiratory system disorders were the highest at 4.31 (95% CI 3.01-6.17), followed by Skin and appendages disorders at 2.04 (95% CI 1.74-2.38). When analyzing AEs reported at the PT level, pharyngitis was the highest at 73.90 (95% CI 17.59-310.49), followed by arthralgia at 6.08 (95% CI 2.04-18.11), and coughing at 5.21 (95% CI 2.07-13.15). Conclusions: Based on the result of the study, deeper consideration is required according to the characteristics of the patients in prescribing DPP-IV inhibitors among oral hypoglycemic agents, and continuous monitoring of the occurrence of related Adverse Drug Reactions during administration is also required.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.661-674
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• 2023

Abstract: This retrospective study delved into the effects and safety considerations associated with the concomitant usage of hypoglycemic agents and herbal extracts, specifically Pyeongwi-san (PWS) or HyangsaPyongwi-san (HSPWS) in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Methods: The investigation involved 38 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who received PWS or HSPWS treatment at Kyung Hee University Korean Medical Hospital from January 2012 to December 2022. By investigating clinical attributes and conducting laboratory assessments, this study aimed to discern the impact of these herbal extracts on blood glucose levels, encompassing fasting blood sugar (FBS) and mean 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels. Furthermore, the safety profile of the herbal extracts was assessed by comparing liver function indicators, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alongside kidney function markers, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Results: Following the administration of the herbal extracts, no statistically significant alterations in FBS and mean PP2 levels emerged compared to the baseline levels. Notably, the safety evaluation revealed no significant differences in liver and kidney function parameters following herbal extract administration. Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that using PWS or HSPWS alongside hypoglycemic medications could be a beneficial additional method for addressing digestive symptoms in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Notably, this combination seems to have no negative interactions with other drugs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2016

Background: This study examined the hypoglycemic and kidney protective effect of black ginseng in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods and Results: Diabetes was induced by treating mice with streptozotocin (STZ) for four weeks. In vivo studies were performed in order to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the black ginseng prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) extract. The body weight and blood glucose level were measured. Moreover, after the mice were sacrificed, the kidneys were isolated and histological changes were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were also measured. The results showed that administration of black ginseng increased body weight. Compared to blood glucose levels in STZ mice, blood glucose levels were reduced by 48% in STZ mice supplemented with 300 mg/kg of black ginseng, and by 69% in STZ mice supplemented with 900 mg/kg. Furthermore, histopathological examination of STZ mouse kidneys revealed, changes in the kidneys, epithelial cell damages, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerulus hypertrophy. However, a significant reduction of glomerular water droplets (indicative of glomerulus hypertrophy) was observed in the kidneys of STZ mice supplemented with black ginseng extract. Conclusions: These results suggest that black prosapogenin (GBG05-FF) ginseng extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance and renal protective agents as part of dietary supplements or novel drugs.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.173-197
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• 2022

Treatment options for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have expanded considerably over the past few decades. Whereas neurohormonal modulation remains central to the management of patients with HFrEF, other pathways have been targeted with drugs that have novel mechanisms of action. The angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) which enhance levels of compensatory molecules such as the natriuretic peptides while simultaneously providing angiotensin receptor blockade have emerged as the preferred strategy for inhibiting the renin angiotensin system. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors which were developed as hypoglycemic agents have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with HF regardless of their diabetic status. These agents along with beta blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are the core medical therapies for patients with HFrEF. Additional approaches using ivabradine to slow heart rate in patients with sinus rhythm, the hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate combination to unload the heart, digoxin to provide inotropic support and vericiguat to augment cyclic guanosine monophosphate production have been shown in well-designed trials to have beneficial effects in the HFrEF population and are used as adjuncts to the core therapies in selected patients. This review provides an overview of the medical management of patients with HFrEF with focus on the major developments that have taken place in the field. It offers prospective of how these drugs should be employed in clinical practice and also a glimpse into some strategies that may prove to be useful in the future.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.205.2-206
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• 2003

This experiment was designed to evaluate the immune responses after treatment of diabetes by using water extract of traditional herbal drugs on the splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vivo. We found two herbal materials of the hypoglycemic agents based on inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. These potential herbal drugs which remarkably inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase in STZ-induced diabetic mices (STZ 150 mg/kg, i.p.) were Mori radicis Cortex(MRC, 2.32 mg/mouse) and Cudraniae radicis Cortex (CRC, 2.24mg/mouse). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.342.3-343
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• 2002

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia. and impaired insulin action. Insulin resistance is considered to be the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. which also leads to dyslipidemia, hypertension. and obesity. Thazolidinediones are a class of oral insulin-sensitizing agents that improve glucose utilization without increasing insulin release. They significantly reduce glucose, lipid and insulin levels in rodent models of NIDDM and obesity, and recent clinical data support theri efficacy in obese diabetic patients. (omitted)

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Child obesity has become a significant health issue in Korea. Prevalence of obesity in school-age children in Korea has been alarmingly rising since 2008. Prevalence of obesity among infants and preschool-age children in Korea has doubled since 2008. Obese children may develop serious health complications. Before nutritional counseling is pursued, several points should be initially considered. The points are modifiable risk factors, assessment for child obesity, and principles of treatment. Motivational interviewing and a multidisciplinary team approach are key principles to consider in managing child obesity effectively in the short-term as well as long-term. Nutritional counseling begins with maintaining a daily log of food and drink intake, which could possibly be causing obesity in a child. Several effective tools for nutritional counseling in practice are the Traffic Light Diet plan, MyPlate, Food Balance Wheel, and 'Food Exchange Table'. Detailed nutritional counseling supported by a qualified dietitian is an art of medicine enabling insulin therapy and hypoglycemic agents to effectively manage diabetes mellitus in obese children.