• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2009

Postprandial hypoglycemic effect of mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) was compared in two animal models: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous non-obese animal model for type II diabetes, and their counterpart control Wistar rats. First, the effect of a single oral administration of mulberry leaf aqueous extract (MLE) on postprandial glucose responses was determined using maltose or glucose as substrate. With maltose-loading, MLE reduced peak responses of blood glucose significantly in both GK and Wistar rats (P < 0.05), supporting the inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase by MLE in the small intestine. With glucose-loading, MLE also significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations, measured at 30 min, in both animal models (P < 0.01), proposing the inhibition of glucose transport by MLE. Next, dried mulberry leaf powder (MLP) was administered for 8 weeks by inclusion in the diet. By MLP administration, fasting blood glucose was significantly reduced at weeks 4 and 5 (P < 0.05), but then returned to values that were similar to those of the control at the end of experimental period in GK rats. Insulin, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides tended to be decreased by MLP treatment in GK rats. All other biochemical parameters were not changed by MLP administration in GK rats. Collectively, these findings support that MLE has significant postprandial hypoglycemic effect in both non-obese diabetic and healthy animals, which may be beneficial as food supplement to manage postprandial blood glucose. Inhibitions of glucose transport as well as $\alpha$-glucosidase in the small intestine were suggested as possible mechanisms related with the postprandial hypoglycemic effect of MLE.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of black ginseng (9 times-steamed ginseng) on hypoglycemic action in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats as well as changes in ginsenoside composition by the steaming process. As the number of steaming cycles increased, the amounts of crude saponin and most ginsenoside contents decreased, while the amount of ginsenoside- Rg3 and the ratio of PD/PT (=[$Rb_1+Rb_2+Rc+Rd+Rg_3]/[Re+Rb_1+Rh_1]$) increased. This ginsenoside composition is a unique characteristic compared to other types of ginseng products. In order to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the black ginseng extract, in vivo studies were performed in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The studies showed that the administration of the black ginseng extract decreased high blood glucose levels (more than 300 mg/dL) to a normal level (102 mg/dL). These results suggest that this black ginseng extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and can be used as an anti-diabetic substance for dietary supplements or new drugs.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is "Black Onion Extract") were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug at a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. To test anti-hyperglycemic activity, the ripe onion juice was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral gavage at single dose of 15 mL/kg b.w. per day for 7 consecutive days. Oral administration of the ripe onion juice at either dosed level of 5 or 15 mL/kg b.w. showed no remarkable acute hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The two dosed levels caused a relatively small reduction, only 18% and 12% (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w., respectively) decrease in glucose levels at 2 h after glucose loading in normal rats. However, at 3 h after glucose loading, blood glucose levels in the ripe onion juice-dosed rats were decreased to the corresponding blood glucose level in tolbutamide-dosed rats. Although showing weak hypoglycemic potential compared to that of tolbutamide, oral administration of ripe onion juice (15 mL/kg b.w.) for a short period (8 days) resulted in a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels that had elevated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the commercial product "Black Onion Extract" may possess antihyperglycemic potential in diabetes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.42-44
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• 2008

Metformin which is an oral hypoglycemic agents, acts by enhancing insulin sensitivity, decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing peripheral utilization of glucose. Deliberate self poisoning with oral hypoglycemic agents is rare. The lactic acidosis associated with metformin toxicity is well described in the medical literature. Metformin overdose even in otherwise healthy patients may produce a profound and life threatening lactic acidosis. We report a case of massive metformin ingestion(75g) in a patient presenting with lactic acidosis and hypotension. She died 24h after presenting to our emergency department despite bicarbonate treatment and hemofiltration therapy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.866-871
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• 2010

The antidiabetic effects of Rosa rugosa Radix were investigated in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats. Research methods and procedure: In the present study, effects of oral administration of Rosa rugosa Radix extract(100, 250, and 500 mg/kg body wt.) for 28 days on the level of serum glucose, total cholosterol, triglycerides, cereatinine, aspartate amino transferase(AST) and alanine amino transferase(ALT) in normal and streotozotocine-induced diabetic rats were evaluated. Oral administrations of the Rosa rugosa Radix extract significantly decreased serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, and ALT levels, while increased serum insulin and HDL-C in diabetic rats(p<0.05). The hypoglycemic effect of the Rosa rugosa Radix extract was more effective than normal group. It is concluded that the Rosa rugosa Radix must be considered as excellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.615-621
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• 1996

Experiments were carried out in humans to assess the relationship between viscosity and post-prandial glucose response of soluble fibers. Eight(3 male and 5 female) healthy individuals were tested for their glucose response after taking control meals or 3 test fiber meals of different viscosities. Meal viscosity of the test food was adjusted to be between 200 and 70, 000 cps. There was a significant increase in post-prandial glucose response(p=0.01) in control meals by solely increasing the volume of water. Fiber with the highest viscosity konjac mannan demonstrated the lowest relative glucose response(70.1$\pm$6.6), followed by medium viscosity xanthan (79.3$\pm$8.7)and low viscosity psyllium (86.3$\pm$10.5). The difference is significant at the level of p<0.05. However, no significant difference in relative glucose response of the same fiber was found when the 4 levels of water were added to make different meal viscosity of each fiber (p=0.476). This result suggested that hypoglycemic action of soluble dietary fibers is related to fiber viscosity rather than meal viscosity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.88-92
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• 1982

Insulin administration rectally with the liposome has the hypoglycemic effect in the rabbits. The reducton in blood sugar was maximum at about 60 minutes after administration and continued for 4 hrs. at low level in these experiments. No hypoglycemic effect was observed in control administrated rectally without liposome. Rectal absorption of insulin has been effected by addition of the bile salt, as the protective agent which prevented denaturation and the phastransition of insulin in liposome-encapsulation. As a matter of the fact, a significant hypoglycemic action was obtained when the insulin-liposome was given by rectal administration. The use of this agent to enhance insulin absorption offers the possibility of a new approach to rectal insulin therapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.136-140
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• 2005

The hypoglycemic effect of Collybia confluens exobiopolymer was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In a dose-dependent study, the exobiopolymer, at 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) dose substantially lowered the plasma glucose level by 29.3%, as compared to the control group. It also lowered the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 23.3 and 30.7%, respectively, and reduced the liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels by 23.0 and 33.5%, respectively. The activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) was reduced 34.6% and 23.6% respectively, by the exobiopolymer administration, compared to the control group. The exobiopolymer was found to contain 83.2% carbohydrate and 16.8% protein. The sugar and amino acid of the exobiopolymer were also analyzed in detail.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.268-272
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• 2000

GE974, isolated from Gyrophora esculenta, showed significant inhibitory effect on several ${\alpha}-glucosidases$ in vitro in previous study. In the present study, GE974 showed significant inhibitory effect on blood glucose elevation in mice loaded with maltose, sucrose, starch and lactose. Also, it exhibited similar effect in alloxan and streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, and genetic diabetic mice(db/db mice) loaded with maltose in dose dependent manner. These results suggest that GE974 may possess hypoglycemic effect that inhibit competitively ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ activities.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.167-169
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• 2003

In the present study, Thespesia populnea was extracted with alcohol and water. The extracts were vacuum dried to yield the respective alcoholic and aqueous extracts. The extracts were screened for hypoglycemic, antidiabetic and antiulcer activities at the dose level of 500 mg/kg by standard methods. The extracts exhibited significant response for antidiabetic and antiulcer activities. The present study proved the claims of Thespesia populnea mentioned in the Indian System of Medicine.