• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2017

During a survey of fungal diversity of the order Hypocreales in Korea, two Acremonium isolates, CNUFC-1YSRS2-4 and CNUFC-GSNPF3-1, were isolated from soils collected on a bank of the Yeongsan River, Naju, and in a forest on the Mt. Daegak located on Sinsi Island, Gunsan, South Korea, respectively. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and D1/D2 domains of 28S ribosomal DNA, the isolates CNUFC-1YSRS2-4 and CNUFC-GSNPF3-1 were identified as A. variecolor and A. persicinum, respectively. These 2 species represent novel Hypocreales isolates in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2022

Hypocreales is one of the largest orders within the class Sordariomycetes in Ascomycota. Several species of this order are cosmopolitan and have a broad range of habitats. Here, we isolated several fungal strains from environmental samples, including freshwater sediment and plant litter. The strains were identified via molecular and phylogenetic analyses of rDNA and other DNA markers, such as TUB, RPB2, and EF1. The morphological characteristics of the fungi were investigated using microscopy, and culture characteristics were assessed from their growth on several media. We identified 17 species previously unrecorded in Korea: Dactylonectria hordeicola, Flavocillium bifurcatum, Fusarium luffae, Ilyonectria ilicicola, Ilyonectria qitaiheensis, Ilyonectria robusta, Lecanicillium aphanocladii, Nectria ulmicola, Neonectria lugdunensis, Ovicillium oosporum, Pseudonectria foliicola, Sarocladium spinificis, Scolecofusarium ciliatum, Trichoderma appalachiense, Trichoderma subviride, Trichoderma taiwanense, and Trichoderma tsugarense.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2012

Halophyte samples, such as Suaeda japonica, Phragmites australis, Limonium tetragonum, Suaeda maritima were collected from Go-chang salt marsh. Thirty-nine endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the roots of halophytes naturally growing in salt marsh. All endophytic fungal strains isolated were analyzed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) containing ITS1, 5.8 s and ITS2 region. Endophytic fungal strains belong to eight orders, i.e., Eurotiales (36%), Pleosporales (26%), Hypocreales (18%), Incertae sedis (8%), Glomerellales (5%), Sordariales (2%), Xylariales (2%), and Capnodiales (3%). On genus level, they were composed of Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniothyrium, Dothideomycete, Fusarium, Gibberella, Macrophoma, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Phaeosphaeria, Phoma, Pleosporales, Pseudozyma, Talaromyces, and Termitomyces. Of them, Penicillium (26%), Fusarium (13%) of Eurotiales and Hypocreales were predominant.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.300-310
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• 2013

The coastal sand-dune plants of eight species; Argusia sibirica, Calystegia soldanella, Elymus mollis, Lithospermum zollingeri, Raphanus sativus, Salsola collina, Zoysia macrostachya, and Zoysia sinica were collected from the Shindu-ri coastal sand dune. Ninety-eight endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the roots of these plants, analyzed, and identified by sequences in their internal transcribed spacers (ITS) at the ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions. The diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from coastal sand-dune plants was confirmed with various diversity indices. The fungal strains belonged to thirteen orders: Capnodiales (3.09%), Eurotiales (70.10%), Glomerellales (1.03%), Helotiales (3.09%), Hypocreales (9.28%), Mortierellales (2.06%), Onygenales (1.03%), Ophiostomatales (1.03%), Pleosporales (1.03%), Polyporales (1.03%), Russulales (1.03%), Saccharomycetales (2.06%), and Xylariales (1.03%). Of the endophytic fungal strains collected, Penicillium (59.18% in Eurotiales) and Fusarium (5.10% in Hypocreales) were the most abundant in coastal sand-dune plants. The endophytic fungal strains isolated from C. soldanella were more diverse compared to strains from the other coastal sand-dune plants.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2014

Forty-two endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of coastal plants, such as Aster sphathulifolius Maxim., Aster tripolium L., Phragmites australis, and Puccinellia nipponica Ohwi, naturally growing in Taean peninsula. The identity of the endophytic fungal strains was analyzed using the sequence of internal transcribed spacer regions. All fungi belonged to the phylum Ascomycota, and they were classified into eight orders (Botryosphaeriales, Capnodiales, Diaporthales, Dothideales, Eurotiales, Helotiales, Hypocreales, and Pleosporales) and thirteen genera (Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cadophora, Cladosporium, Davidiella, Diaporthe, Fusarium, Gibberella, Macrophomina, Metarhizium, Neosartorya, Penicillium, and Phoma). Among the analyzed fungi, the fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium in Eurotiales were the most widely distributed. The host plant Aster tripolium L. was found to contain the most diverse endophytic fungal species among the coastal plants.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.64-74
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• 2015

Beetles Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and Allomyrina dichotoma Linn. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are widely used in traditional medicine, and the number of insect-rearing farms is increasing in South Korea. The purpose of this study was to establish a multiplex PCR-based assay for rapid simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens causing insect diseases. Six insect parasites such as fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae), Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula (Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae), and Serratia marcescens Bizio (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), and Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus were chosen based on the severity and incidence rate of insect diseases in South Korea. Pathogen-specific primers were designed and successfully applied for simultaneous detection of multiple infectious agents in farm-bred insects P. b. seulensis and A. dichotoma using multiplex PCR and high resolution capillary electrophoresis. Our results indicate that multiplex PCR is an effective and time-saving method for simultaneous detection of multiple infections in insects, and the QIAxcel capillary electrophoresis system is useful for quantitative evaluation of the individual impact of each infectious agent on the severity of insect disease. The approach designed in this study can be utilized for rapid and accurate diagnostics of infection in insect farms.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

Very few studies have addressed the phylogenetic diversity of fungi from Northeast India under the Eastern Himalayan range. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the phylogenetic diversity of culturable soil fungi along the altitudinal gradients of eastern Himalayas. Soil samples from 24 m above sea level to 2,000 m above sea level altitudes of North-East India were collected to investigate soil micro-fungal community structure and diversity. Molecular characterization of the isolates was done by PCR amplification of 18S rDNA using universal primers. Phylogenetic analysis using BLAST revealed variation in the distribution and richness of different fungal biodiversity over a wide range of altitudes. A total of 107 isolates were characterized belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Zygomycota, corresponding to seven orders (Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Calosphaeriales, Capnodiales, Pleosporales, Mucorales, and Mortierellales) and Incertae sedis. The characterized isolates were analysed for richness, evenness and diversity indices. Fungal diversity had significant correlation with soil physico-chemical parameters and the altitude. Eurotiales and Hypocreales were most diverse and abundant group of fungi along the entire altitudinal stretch. Species of Penicillium (D=1.44) and Aspergillus (D=1.288) were found to have highest diversity index followed by Talaromyces (D=1.26) and Fusarium (D=1.26). Fungal distribution showed negative correlation with altitude and soil moisture content. Soil temperature, pH, humidity and ambient temperature showed positive correlation with fungal distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.269-275
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• 2014

Halophytes of seven species, Carex scabrifolia Steud., Limonium tetragonum Bullock, Salicornia europaea L., Suaeda glauca Bunge, Suaeda japonica Makino, Suaeda maritima Dumort., and Triglochin maritimum L. were collected from the Taean Peninsula. Thirty-seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the root of halophytes, and analyzed using the DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacers (ITS). The diversity of all endophytic fungi was analyzed using diversity indices. The endophytic fungi associated with the halophytes belonged to seven orders; Eurotiales (78%), Capnodiales (5%), Hypocreales (5%), Agaricales (3%), Corticiales (3%), Glomerellales (3%), and Pleosporales (3%). At the phylum level, the endophytic fungi were composed of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Schizophyllum, Talaromyces, and Verticillium were confirmed. Among them, Penicillium was the most abundant in the roots of the halophytes. This study analyzed the distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi on halophytes in the Taean Peninsula.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.457-473
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• 2020

We investigated the distribution and diversity of fungi in brackish water and soil from the Eulsukdo Island, Geumgang Estuary Bank, Suncheon Bay, Dae-ho Tide Embankment and coastal sand dune in Sinduri and Bu-nam Tide Embankment, Korea. Fungi were isolated from water samples by hand-pumped filtration, and soil samples were collected and diluted. The isolated fungi were incubated in potato dextrose agar at 25℃. A total of 173 fungal strains were isolated from brackish water and identified according to their respective internal transcribed spacer via phylogenetic analysis. The diversity of all fungal strains was analyzed according to diversity indices. The fungal strains belonged to any of 18 taxonomic orders: Pleosporales, Eurotiales, Capnodiales, Hypocreales, Polyporales, Saccharomycetales, Agaricales, Glomerellales, Mucorales, Dothideales, Russulales, Xylariales, Sordariales, Myrmecridiales, Tubeufiales, Onygenales, Cantharellales, and Amphisphaeriales. Cladosporium spp. (20%), Penicillium spp. (19%), and Fusarium sp. (5%) comprised majority of the identified strains. Two species from the fungal isolates were newly identified in Korea: Sarocladium kiliense NNIBRFG3280 and Fusicolla merismoides NNIBRFG23708.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.5 s.92
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• pp.341-344
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• 1999

The genus Hypocrea, a member of the Hypocreales, has yellow to pale yellow-ochre, perithecial stromata and angular to cuboid ascospores. The isolate of Hypocrea microrufa collected on decayed tropical wood at Malaysia is compared with H. rufa and H. microsplendens. This isolation of H. microrufa will be the first record from tropical region and the first description with scanning electron microscopy. The ornamentation of ascospores used one of main taxonomic keys for identification.