• 약학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.572-575
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• 1998

Chitosan has been known to have hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects in animal studies. Chitosan also absorbs bile acids in vitro and in vivo, which might result in the hypocholesterolemic action. Trialkyl chitosan derivatives were prepared and tested for bile acid absorption activity in vitro. The derivatives showed enhanced absorption capacities which were comparable to cholestyramine.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.727-731
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• 2005

Synthesized Ile-Ala-Val-Pro (IAVP) peptide, which has the highest hypocholesterolemic effect among a number of synthesized derivatives of Ile-Ala-Val-Pro-Gly-Glu-Val-Ala (IAVPGEVA) isolated from 11S globulin of soy protein by pepsin digestion, was selected for investigation in the present study. Using a recombinant Syrian hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), we studied in detail the inhibition of this enzyme by IAVP and compared the action of this peptide to that of lovastatin, a known competitive inhibitor of this enzyme. The concentration of IAVP required for 50% inhibition ($IC_{50}$) of HMGR activity in given experimental conditions was $340\;{\mu}M$. Kinetic analysis revealed that the studied peptide is a competitive inhibitor of HMGR with respect to both 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), with an equilibrium constant of inhibitor binding ($K_i\;=\;[E][I]/[EI]$) of $61{\pm}1.2\;{\mu}M$ and $157{\pm}4.4\;{\mu}M$, respectively. At the same conditions, $K_i$ and $IC_{50}$ for lovastatin were $2.2{\pm}0.1\;nM$ and 12.5 nM, respectively. Thus, the given peptide interacts with HMGR as a bisubstrate, consequently blocking access of both substrates to the active sites. The achieved results suggest the design of new peptide sequences having a higher relative affinity to binding sites of this enzyme and an enhancement of their hypocholesterolemic properties.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.933-936
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• 2001

본 연구는 건강한 20대 한국 성인의 장에서 내산성과 내담즙성이 강한 비피더스균을 분리하여 비피더스균의 형철 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 알아보기 위하여 체중 200g 정도 되는 Sprague-Dawley 종 희준 숫컷을 대상으로 우유, 비피더스균을 첨가항 우유, 캡슐화된 비피더스균을 첨가한 우유와 비피더스균에 의해 발혀된 발효유를 투여한 결과 우유, 비피더스 균을 첨가한 우유와 캡슐화된 비피더스균을 첨가항 우유를 투여한 실험군에서 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하 효과가 나타나지 않았으나 비피더스 발효유를 먹인 실험군에서 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하시키는 효과를 볼 수 있었으므로 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하 효과를 나타내는 것은 발효유에 있는 젖산균 그 자체가 아니라 발효유라는 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides(CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These result suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2010

There is an increasing interest in curcumin (Curcuma longa L.) as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective agent via decreased blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) level. The aim of this study was to investigate further the potential mechanism in the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin by measuring cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of bile acid from cholesterol, at the mRNA level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 45% high fat diet or same diet supplemented with curcumin (0.1% wt/wt) for 8 weeks. The curcumin diet significantly decreased serum triglyceride (TG) by 27%, total cholesterol (TC) by 33.8%, and LDL-cholesterol by 56%, respectively as compared to control group. The curcumin-supplemented diet also significantly lowered the atherogenic index (AI) by 48% as compared to control group. Hepatic TG level was significantly reduced by 41% in rats fed with curcumin-supplemented diet in comparison with control group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the curcumin diet significantly increased fecal TG and TC. The curcumin diet up-regulated hepatic CYP7A1 mRNA level by 2.16-fold, compared to control group p (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that the increases in the CYP7A1 gene expression may partially account for the hypocholesterolemic effect of curcumin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 1984

The present study was designed to observe the effects of soyprotein and casein with or without cholesterol on serum and liver lipids in male rats. The 6 experimental groups were as fellows ; SF ; soyprotein, cholesterol-free diet. SC ; soyprotein, 0.5% cholesterol added diet. CF ; casein, cholesterol-free diet CC ; casein,0.5% cholesterol added diet. SCF ; protein mixture of soyprotein and casein(1 : 1), cholesterol-free diet SCC ; mixed protein, 0.5% cholesterol added diet. The hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects of soyprotein were observed at 3 weeks, but these effects disappeared at 6 weeks. The hypocholesterolemic effect of soyprotein was more obvious when the 0.5% cholesterol was supplemented in the diets. The serum free cholesterol level was not affected by the dietary protein source or the dietary cholesterol, therefore, the difference in serum total cholesterol among groups seems due to the difference in cholesterol esters. There was a tendency of a higher percentage of HDL in soyprotein groups compared to casein groups at 1 week, however, this tendency disappeared with time. The liver cholesterol and triglyceride contents were not differ among cholesterol-free diet groups, however, with addition of cholesterol, those of soyprotein groups were significantly lower than casein groups. The higher serum arginine/lysine ratio of soyprotein groups may offer the part of explanation of its hypocholesterolemic effect.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 1998년도 제46회 춘계 유가공 심포지움 - 우유 및 유제품의 기능성
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• pp.22-29
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• 1998

Various peptides derived from food are among the most potent physiologically active agents known, and include anticancer peptides, angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor exhibiting antihypertension action, opioid peptides, antithrombotic peptides, hypocholesterolemic peptides, immunomodulators, calcium absorption enhancers, and other peptides. Hydrophobic peptides extracted from a Cheddar-type cheese slurry were fractionated by gel chromatography and repeated HPLC. A peptide fraction from HPLC showed high cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines such as a human colon carcinoma, and comprised of Tyr, Ser, Leu, Gly, and others. Hypocholesterolemic peptides were isolated from peptic hydrolyzates of casein and soy proteins. Macropeptides of 1,000${\sim}$5,000 dalton were effective on reducing the cholesterol level of mouse serum. Peptides showing high Krigbaum hydrophobicity and ANS surface hydrophobicity resulted in high hypocholesterolemic effect and fecal steroid concentrations. Caseinomacropeptides (CMP) were isolated from whey powder and treated with soluble and immobilized trypsin to obtain antithrombotic peptides. One fraction from the CMP hydrolyzed with immobilized trypsin for 24h exhibited high antithrombotic activity with 52.5% inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results suggested that peptides from various milk products could be utilized as a good bioactive agents for developing health functional foods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1741-1745
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• 2004

Administration of milk and fermented milks produced from indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria on serum lipids and bile acids, fecal bile acids and microflora was estimated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Anaerobic lactic acid bacteria decreased and coliforms increased in the feces of the control group; however, the number of fecal lactic acid bacteria remained unchanged when rats were administered milk and fermented milks. Only fermented milk made from Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and total bile acids. Milk and fermented milks did not influence the HDL cholesterol. Triglyceride and phospholipid levels were significantly lower in the rats fed fermented milk of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 than rats fed milk and fermented milk of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-29862, but not significantly different from the control group. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lc. lactis subsp. lactis IS-10285 was attributed to its ability to suppress the reabsorption of bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation and to enhance the excretion of bile acids in feces of hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2007

The present study was performed to elucidate the hypocholesterolemic action of chitosan on the diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=24) were fed with chitosan-free diet (Control), diets containing 2% or 5% chitosan for 4 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets. Body weight gain and food intake of rats did not differ among the groups. The chitosan treated groups showed significant improvement in the plasma concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol compared to the control group (p<0.05). Also, the chitosan treated groups decreased the liver concentration of total lipid and total cholesterol compared to the control group (p<0.05). The activity of hepatic cholesterol $7{\alpha}-hydroxylase$ (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, was increased by 123% and 165% for the 2% or 5% chitosan diets, respectively. These findings suggest that enhancement of hepatic CYP7A1 activity may be a mechanism, which can partially account for the hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary chitosan in cholesterol metabolism.

• 식품산업과 영양
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2000