• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2000

In this study, a potential mechanism through which the hesperidin might work on the effect was examined in vivo. Male rats were fed a high cholesterol synthetic diet (1%, wt/wt) with hesperidin (0.1%, wt/wt) for 42 days. Activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase was significantly lowered by the hesperidin supplement compared to the control. Hesperidin did not significantly alter plasma or hepatic lipids, but tended to lower those lipid levels. Hesperidin also subsequently reduced the fecal neutral sterols compared to the control(253.3mg/d vs.521.9 mg/d). The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase resulting from the hesperidin supplementation could count for the reduction in fecal neutral sterols that appears to compensate for the decreased cholesterol biosynthesis. The dose of hesperidin in a high choles-terol diet should apparently be more than 0.1% to exhibit the hypocholesterolemic response in these rats. It remains to be determined whether the observed alterations in cholesterol metabolism are specific to the rat or also could be applied to the humans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 1991

Twenty college women were led experimental diet which composed ot basal diet plus different kinds of dietary rats at 27% Cal. Equal amount of 13.5g of corn oil, perilla oil or fish oil was supplied for 2 weeks as a source of n6 linoleic acid(LA). n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid (LL). or n3 EPA + DHA. respectively. Plasma total Chol level was reduced by perilla and fish oils, significantly only by fish oil. Plasma Chol level was rather increased by corn oil(P<0.05), but was decreased by double amount of corn oil supplement. Therefore, hypocholesterolemic effect of fatty acids was in the order of n3 EPA+DHA>n3 LL>n6 LA and influenced by the degree of fat unsaturation. Plasma TG level was also significantly decreased by n3 EPA+ DHA and increased by n6 LA. Hypotriglyceridemic effect of fatty acids was also in the order of n3 EPA + DHA> n3 LL>n6 LA and influenced by the unsaturation. However, the reduction of plasma TG was more influenced by the fatty acid structure rather than the fat unsaturation. There were no significant effects on lipoprotein pattern 3nd chemical compositions of lipoprotein by different dietary PUFAs. but fish oil diet significantly increased the relative proportion of HDL-Chol. In conclusion. cholesterol- lowering effect of dietary PUFAS seemed to be a function of total fat unsaturation but hypotriglyceridemic effect seemed to be more linked to the ratty acid structure rather than the degree of unsaturation. The hypolipidemic effect of n3 PUFAs was significant so that fish oil or perilla oil may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic disease.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different sources of $\omega$3 fatty acid in the diet with a similar polyunsaturated/saturated (P/S) fatty acid ratio and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid ratio as well as excess DHA on the plasma fatty acid composition and cholesterol level of rats. Three experimental diets contained 10% (w/w) dietary lipids. The control diet and one treatment diet were corn oil-based diets with different $\omega$-3 fatty acid sources: perilla (CO) or fish oil (CF), respectively. In order to examine the effect of excess DHA, the other treatment diet (FO) was a fish oil-based diet with corn oil to supply essential fatty acids at the level of 1.8% (w/w) of the diet. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets for 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Pups were weaned to the same diet of dams at 21 days of age. Plasma fatty acid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed for pups at 3th, 7th and 10th week after birth. Plasma DHA concentrations increased significantly as the level of fish oil supplementation increased. Three-, seven- and ten-week old rats fed on CO diet which contained only $\alpha$-lino1enic acid as a $\omega$-3 fatty acid Source had Plasma DHA levels of 4.85%, 3.15% ana 2.47%, respectively, suggesting that rats at this period of development can convert $\alpha$-linolenic acid to DHA. But the ability to form DHA might be limited, since dietary DHA showed to be more effective in raising the plasma level of DHA. There was a significant negative correlation between DHA and cholesterol concentration of the rat plasma at 7th week (r=0.34, p<0.05) and l0th week after birth (r=036, p<0.05), proving the hypocholesterolemic effect of DHA.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.162-166
• /
• 2001

인삼의 석유에텔추출물(PESF) 및 이 추출물중 함유성분인 panaxydol이 고콜레스테롤 식이를 한 흰쥐와 생쥐의 혈청 및 간조직중 콜레스테롤 및 지질성분에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2% 콜레스테롤 사료에 PESF(800mg/kg 사료) 및 panaxydol(100mg/kg 사료)을 첨가하여 2주동안 식이한 혈청중 지질성분의 변화는 대조군에 비해PESF와 panaxydol을 투여한 시험군에서 혈청 TC가 각각 20%, 18%, LDL-C는 각각 35%, 32% 유의하게 감소되었다. 2. Panaxydol(5, 10mg/kg b.w./day)을 1% 콜레스테롤 식이와 병용으로 3일간 복강 투여한 결과, 혈청 TC, TG 및 LDL-C가 대조군에 비해 유의성있게 감소하였고, 간 조직중 콜레스테롤 함량도 유의적으로 감소되었다. 3. PESF 및 panaxydol은 고콜레스테롤혈증을 억제하는 생리활성이 있고, 또한 PESF에서의 이러한 작용은 이 추출물 중에 함유되어 잇는 panaxydol이 크게 관여한 것으로 사료되며, 그 기전은 본 실험결과만으로는 알 수 없지만, 여러 문헌상 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 콜레스테롤 흡수억제에 기인 할 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 2016

HMG-CoA reductase는 체내 콜레스테롤 생합성에 있어서 속도제한단계(율속) 효소이다. 본 연구는 HMG-CoA reductase에 대한 이소플라본 배당체의 저해 효과를 연구하였다. $100{\mu}M$의 농도에서 genistein-7-O-triglucoside(G2-genistin)는 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 약 18% 정도 저해하였으나, daidzein-7-O-triglucoside는 저해 효과를 갖지 않았다. 시리아햄스터 HMG-CoA reductase의 반응속도 실험에서 G2-genistin은 농도에 관계없이 $V_{max}$의 저해 정도가 일정하였으며, 이것은 G2-genistin이 HMG-CoA reductase의 경쟁적 저해제로 작용함을 시사하고 HMG-CoA reductase의 활성을 직접적으로 저해함으로써 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량을 감소시킬 수 있음을 예상할 수 있다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

Control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is strongly correlated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, the most common and fatal diabetic complication. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of garlic and aged black garlic on glycemic control and blood lipid profile in animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three week-old db/db mice (C57BL/Ks, n=21) were fed AIN-93G semipurified diet or diet containing 5% freeze-dried garlic or aged black garlic for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Body weight and food intake of garlic and aged black garlic group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Fasting serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased and insulin level was significantly increased in garlic group compared with control group (p<0.05). Consumption of aged black garlic significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and tended to decrease serum glucose. Garlic consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, while aged black garlic significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest that garlic exerts hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect and aged black garlic improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in db/db mice.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2010

Chlorella has been reported to have certain beneficial physiological effects, including hypocholesterolemic, antihypertensive, antioxidative, and anti-tumor activities in animal and human studies. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activities of an 80% methanol extract(CE-Met), hexane fraction (CE-Hex), and ethyl acetate fraction (CE-EA) of Chlorella ellipsoidea in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage. Treatment with various concentrations of the C. ellipsoidea extract resulted m a significant, dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production by LPS-induced macrophages. The C. ellipsoidea extract significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production accompanied by an attenuation of IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ formation in macrophages. These results suggest potent inhibit이y effects on the production of inflammatory mediators by a C. ellipsoidea extract. Thus, C. ellipsoidea extract may be a potent anti-inflammatory agent for troubled skin.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2000

The effects of dietary Ca and Na levels on lipid metabolism in hyper lipidemic/hypercholesterolemic rats were examined. In Expt. 1, normal rats were divided into six groups and fed high fat(15%, w/w)/cholesterol(1%, w/w) diet containing two levels of Na, low (0.05) or high(1.5%) and three levels of Ca, low(0.1%), normal (0.5%), or high(1.5%) for 8 weeks. In Expt. 2, hyperlipidemia / hypercholesterolemia rats were induced by feeding high fat / cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. They were divided into four groups and fed the high fat / cholesterol diet, containing two levels of Na, low or high and two levels of Ca, low or high for 4 weeks. In Expt. 1, total lipid and total cholesterol contents in serum and liver were significantly lower in rats fed high Ca diet than in rats fed normal or low Ca diet regardless of dietary Na levels. Serum TG was the highest in rats fed low Ca and low Na diet. In Expt. 2, Serum total lipid, TG, and total cholesterol levels decreased by 24, 35, 26% respectively in rats fed high Ca diet regardless of dietary Na levels. Serum total lipid level tended to increased in rats fed low Na diet. The total lipid and TG contents in liver slightly decreased in rats fed high Ca diet. Another observation was that high Ca intake significantly faciliated the fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion regardless of dietary Na levels. There results suggest that the hypolipidemidc/hypocholesterolemic effects of high Ca diet could be partly due to increase in lipid and cholesterol excretion and these effects may be independent of dietary Na levels.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.263-269
• /
• 2017

The mineral contents, and free amino acid, and fatty acid composition of rack and bag or suspended cultured oysters Crassostrea gigas were compared. The moisture content did not change much from 82.8% to 86.3% in the different culture methods. The glycogen level was low 4.7% during rack and bag culture but high 7.2% during suspended culture. The sodium level was the highest during suspended culture, while copper and zinc level were highest during rack and bag culture. The taurine level was 1,385-1,375 mg/100 g in oyster cultured using the rack and bag method, but that in the market sample was lowest at 1,015.8 mg/100 g. Hydroxyproline, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, and alanine were detected at high levels in the experimental oysters. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content was similar among samples. The docosahexaenoic acid level was 14% with rack and bag culture and 12% with suspended culture, whereas the eicosapentaenoic acid level was 15% with rack and bag culture and 20% with suspended culture. The atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenicity index (TI), and hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic (h/H) ratio were important factors in the nutritional evaluation. The AI and TI values were 0.5-0.2, and the h/H ratio were 2.0 and 2.4 with the rack and bag and suspended culture, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.437-445
• /
• 2003

As obesity is known to be related to hyperlipidemia, insulin and leptin resistance, and other chronic diseases, much recent research has focused on functional food materials and their anti-obesity activity. This study was performed to study the effects of Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide AIPI on the anti-obesity function in normal rats and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. F344 male rats were divided into four groups: Normal-control (CONT), normal-AIPI, DIO-CONT and DIO-AIPI. The groups were provided with water (in the CONT groups) or another drink for 4 weeks. The final body weights of rats in the DIO-AIPI group were lower than those in the CONT group. Abdominal adipose tissue weight per kg of body weight in the DIO-AIPI group was significantly lower than that in the DIO-CONT group. Also, the final levels of serum-triglyceride, serum-total cholesterol and serum-low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the DIO-AIPI group were lower than those in the DIO-CONT group. Moreover, the serum-high density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the normal-AIPI group was significantly higher than that in the normal-CONT group. Finally, the serum-leptin concentration was significantly lower in the DIO-AIPI group. Total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol contents in the feces of the DIO-AIPI group were as high as 142％, 199％, and 165% of the respective values of the DIO-CONT GROUP. These results indicate that orally administered Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide not only has hypotriglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, but also has the effect of reducing the body weight and the abdominal adipose tissue weights obese rats. Therefore, we expect that Artemisia Iwayomogi oligosaccharide AIPI may have an anti-obesity function in F344 diet-induced obese rats. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 437∼445, 2003)