• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.20-21
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• 2001

Free radicals and oxidative stress playa crucial role in the pathophysiology of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. We have demonstrated that IH 636 proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) provides excellent protection against free radicals in both in vitro and in vivo models, and exhibits significantly better efficacy as compared to vitamins C, E and $\beta$-carotene.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.20-21
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• 2002

The inflow of Ca$\^$2＋/ through voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-channels) regulates a variety of cellular functions including neuronal excitability, cardiac pacemaker activity, hormone secretion, smooth muscle contraction, and fertilization. Not only are T-channels enormously important for the normal operation of cells, they also playa critical role in pathophysiological conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy and absence epilepsy.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.84.1-84
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.337.1-337.1
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• 2002

Hypertrophy and the alteration of renal cell growth have been reported as early abnormality in diabetic nephropathy. However, the effects ot high PKCglucose and its action mechanism in renal proximal tubular cell (PTC) have not been elucidated. High glucose condition increases diacyl glycerol (DAG) and activates protein kinase C (PKC) in renal tubular cells. The PKC activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK. (omitted)

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes numerous changes that destabilize homeostasis, of which anemia is one of its important complications. Anemia significantly reduces the quality of life in children with CKD and plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease such as left ventricular hypertrophy, a major cause of mortality in those with advanced CKD. The treatment of anemia is a pivotal factor in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in children with CKD, representing one of the methods for enhancing patients' quality of life.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.871-886
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• 2008

Objective : Gypsum fibrosum has been traditionally used in treatment of febrile diseases and recently been shown to have anti-inflammatory effect. Chronic renal failure has a serious clinical symptoms including proteinuria, azotemia, anemia, and hyperlipidemia and has characteristic histopathological changes, glomerular hypertrophy, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and crescentic sclerosis, We investigated the effects of gypsum fibrosum on renal functional and histopathological disorder in chronic renal failure rat model induced 5/6 nephrectomy. Methods : Using Sprague-Dawley rats, CRF was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. The rats were divided into 3 groups, normal, conrol, and gypsum administered orally with gypsum fibrosum 500mg/kg/day. Body weight, 24 hr proteinuria, hematologic analysis, and histological morphologic changes were followed up after 8 weeks. The glomerular macrophage/monocyte infiltration, $TGF-{\beta}_1$, type IV collagen, and angiotensin II type1 receptor($AT_1$) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Resuls : In the CRF control group, functional parameters and histopathologic changes clearly indicated the development of CRF. 24 hr proteinuria significantly increased in the CRF control group over the normal group, and serum creatinine level was lower in the gypsum group than in the control group, LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the gypsum group than in the control group. Morphological investigations showed a variety of characteristic features of CRF, glomerular hypertrophy, increasing cellular density of glomerulus, deposition of extra-cellular matrix, fibrotic change, and glomerular sclerosis in the control group, but in the gypsum group, these features diminished significantly. In observation of renal type IV collagen and $AT_1$ expression, positive area significantly increased in the control group over the normal group, and it significantly decreased in the gypsum group compared to the control group. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that gypsum fibrosum inhibits $AT_1$ and type IV collagen expression in renal tissues and attenuates progression of glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in chronic renal failure rats, which lead to amelioration of renal function. From these results, we suggest that gypsum fibrosum may have renoprotective effects and could be a useful remedy agent for treating chronic renal failure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.273-286
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• 2013

Objectives: The present study was conducted in order to investigate the reproductive toxicity in rats exposed to 1,4-dichlorobutane. Methods: The test chemical was administered orally at 0, 8.3, 50 and 300 mg/kg/day. Males were administered daily for 10 weeks prior to the mating period. Females were administered from between two weeks before mating to the 21stday of lactation. Results: In both sexes, a decrease in body weight and an increase in the weights of the liver and kidneys were observed. In males, discoloration of the liver, hepatocyte hypertrophy and mineralization in the kidneys were observed. In females, animal deaths, dystocia and pup deaths due to maternal dysfunction were observed. In F1 animals of both sexes, a decrease in body weight was observed at 300 mg/kg/day. An increase in the weights of the liver in both sexes, mineralization in the kidneys of males, animal deaths, hepatocyte hypertrophy and pup deaths due to maternal dysfunction were observed at 50 mg/kg/day. Mineralization in the kidneys of males was observed at 8.3 mg/kg/day. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) of 1,4- dichlorobutane were considered to be under 8.3 mg/kg/day for males, 8.3 mg/kg/day for females, more than 300 mg/kg/day for fertility in both sexes, 8.3 mg/kg/day for maternal functions and 50 mg/kg/day for F1 offspring. The absolute toxic dose was believed to be 8.3 mg/kg/day for males, 50 mg/kg/day for females, 50 mg/kg/day for maternal functions and 300 mg/kg/day for F1 offspring. However NOAEL for fertility could not be determined since there were no treatment-related changes. Conclusions: Under the present experimental conditions, 1,4-dichlorobutane is a Category 1B Reproductive Toxicant (presumed human reproductive or developmental toxicant).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2007

The callipyge mutation in sheep is a polar overdominant mutation that results in post-natal muscle hypertrophy in the loin and hindquarters of paternal heterozygotes (+/CLPG). Sheep that are homozygous for the callipyge allele (CLPG/CLPG) do not express the muscle hypertrophy phenotype, but serve as carriers for the mutation. Callipyge sheep are characterized by improved feed efficiencies and leaner carcasses. Leptin is a protein hormone secreted from adipose tissue and has been found to affect appetite and serve as an indicator of body fat mass. To date, very little knowledge is available as to the effect of the callipyge mutation on circulating leptin levels. Due to the interaction of leptin with feed intake and energy availability, and the fact that the majority of fetal growth occurs in late gestation, it is important to understand if the callipyge mutation interacts with leptin production in late gestational ewes. Therefore, our objective was to characterize serum concentrations of leptin in late gestational callipyge ewes vs. non-callipyge ewes. We evaluated genetically verified callipyge (n=6), homozygous (n=8) and normal (n=8) ewes weekly during the last eight wks of gestation through one wk post-partum. Weights were taken and body condition scores were assigned by trained personnel weekly. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture on each sampling date and subjected to an ovine-specific leptin RIA. Genotype influences on peripheral concentrations of leptin were found to be highly significant (p=0.0005). Total leptin means for +/CLPG were 5.41${\pm}$0.40 ng/ml, CLPG/CLPG 8.11${\pm}$0.70 ng/ml, and +/+ 9.13${\pm}$0.93 ng/ml. Sampling date was also significant (p=0.0098) with all ewes showing a decrease in leptin levels throughout gestation and parturition. Using repeated measures, we were able to detect lower levels of plasma leptin in callipyge ewes, which may be indicative of their lower overall body fat content. These results indicate that the callipyge phenotype decreases the levels of adipose tissue and leptin production in gestating ewes.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2003

This research was performed to investigate the effects of the supplementation of multi-extracts of mori folium (MF) and of exercise on blood lipid profiles and tissue differentiation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The animal groups consisted of a normal-control group, a STZ-control group, three STZ-induced diabetic groups supplemented ad libitum with various amounts of MF extracts (MF-720, MF-360, and MF-180 groups), and a STZ-induced diabetic group supplemented with MF-360 combined with exercise; eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were assigned to each experimental group and were raised in the laboratory for a 10 week experimental period. The MF supplementation group showed a significant reduction in levels of serum total cholesterol and triglyceride compared to the STZ-control group. HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the MF supplementation group compared to STZ-control group. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol was significantly higher in MF supplementation group compared to the STZ-control group. The Atherogenic Index (AI) values in the MF supplementation groups were found to be significantly lower than in the STZ-control group. Serum AST and ALT levels were significantly reduced in the MF-supplementation groups compared to the STZ-control group. Total cholesterol level in the liver tissue was significantly decreased in the MF-360 group and in the MF-360 + exercise group compared to the STZ-control group. In immunohistochemical staining of the pancreatic islets of the MF-supplemented groups, a significantly higher number of insulin-immunoreactive cells were observed compared to the STZ-control group. In the MF supplementation groups, Bowman's capsules were clearly observed as hypertrophy of the glomeruli was not obvious. In the MF supplementation groups, a relative reduction in the hypertrophy of the basement membrane of the glomeruli and a significant reduction in the mesangium were observed compared to the STZ-control group. The results of this study suggest that supplementation of MF has beneficial effect in improving plasma lipid and tissue metabolism in streptozotocin-induced rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

Objectives : The conventional direct and indirect moxibustion therapies for prostate treatment could not been applied to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(Conception Vessel Meridian 1, 會陰) because of its boring body region. The position of $CV_1$(會陰) is the back side of hard part between the anus and the genital organ. The conventional moxibustion methods have many troubles in operating to the acupuncture point of $CV_1$(會陰). In order to get rid of these problems, we have suggested the special heat generating terminal especially for prostate. The features of the special heat generating terminal for prostate are the low temperature infrared heater and the adhesive moxa-pad. These features are no burnt, no fiery and especially suitable for the point of $CV_1$(會陰). Methods: The heat generating terminal which is a part of the moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer is composed of a PTC(Positive Temperature Coefficients) ceramic heater and the adhesive moxa-pad We had got the experimental demonstrations by the stimulating the acupuncture points which are $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(Bladder Meridian 28, 膀胱兪), and $CV_3$(Conception Vessel Meridian 3, 中極) with the special heat generating terminal for the prostatitis and the benign prosthetic hypertrophy. And the stimulation level was 43$^{\circ}C$ infrared heat for one hour. The type of thermography is IRIS-5000. Results : With one subject suffering the prostatitis and another subject suffering the benign prosthetic hypertrophy, we cauterized the acupuncture points $CV_1$(會陰), $BL_{28}$(膀胱兪) and $CV_3$(中極) with the special heat generating terminal for prostate. We measured the temperature variations by the thermography before and after stimulations. Finally we estimated the tendency of temperature decreasing in the region of post-stroke urinary symptoms and the improvement of nocturnal enuresis after the stimulations. Conclusions : We suggest that the special heat generating terminal of moxa-extract moxibustion cauterizer proposed herein is effective for the treatment of prostate by NIH-CPSI and IPSS.