• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to investigate compliance with health behaviors among patients who are hypertensive. Method: The participants in this study were 121 outpatients with hypertension. Compliance with health behaviors was measured using a questionnaire developed by the researchers. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and chi square test. Results: According to tile general characteristics of the participants, compliance with medication and diet was higher among women than men, among high school graduates than middle school graduates or those with lower academic qualifications, and among those who were unemployed compared to those who were employed. Compliance with alcohol abstinence or not smoking was higher among women than men, and among those who were unemployed compared to those who were employed. According to the risk factors of hypertension, compliance with health behaviors was significantly higher in those who had associated diseases. The participants in the group with a hypertension morbidity period longer than 10 years did exercise more than 3 times a week and regularly weighed themselves once or more a week. The item showing highest compliance concerning medication and diet was 'Take prescribed drugs regularly', while the one showing lowest was 'Take drugs with knowledge about their side effects'.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the suitability and readability of printed educational materials for patients with hypertension in Korea. Methods: A total of 33 written educational materials related to hypertension were collected from public health centers, hospitals, and internet web site. Among them, we analyzed 19 materials which fit the inclusion criteria: leaflets (n=9), booklets (n=3), and guide book (n=7). Two trained nurses evaluate the materials using suitability assessment tool (SAM; Doak, Doak, & Root, 1996) and graded lexical items for teaching Korean (Kim, 2003). Results: Overall, 14 (73.7%) of 19 materials scored adequate, and 5 (26.3%) scored inadequate. On the average, the education materials contained 36.1% to 50.5% of 1st grade reading level words and 12.9% to 21.6% of 4th grade level and over. Conclusion: The reading level of the materials was higher than a 6th grade reading level. It is proposed that the written educational materials should be developed by health professionals according to suitability and quality by taking the target group's literacy capacity into consideration.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2001

Essential hypertension is considered to be a multifactorial disease that is influenced not only by environmental factors but also by genetic factors. Genes involved in lipoprotein synthesis, modification and metabolism are candidates for essential hypertension. The purpose of this study was to estimate gene frequencies of paraoxonase/arylesterase (PON1) gene in Korean population and investigate the relationship between genotypes of this gene and essential hypertension or cardiovascular risk factors. In order to estimate the genotype frequencies, Alw I RFLP of PON1 gene was used as genetic marker. There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between normotensives and essential hypertensives, respectively. However, Alw I RELP of PON1 gene were significantly associated with plasma HDL-cholesterol level in Korean population (one-way ANOVA test, p=0.008). Therefore, our result suggest that this RFLP of PON1 gene may be protective marker on cardiovascular disease in Korean population.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2002

Gly460Trp polymorphism of a-adducin gene has been reported to be associated with hypertension in some populations, and we, therefore, attempted to replicate this finding in Korean population. There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of Gly460Trp polymorphism in Korean normotensives and hypertensives, respectively. The meta-analysis revealed that the Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio across the studies was 1.17 (95%CI 1.04-1.31), and that there was significant evidence against homogeneity of the odds ratio among the studies included (Breslow-Day test = 27.34, df = 9, p = 0.001). Although the meta- analysis appeared in favour of association between the Gly4601tf polymorphism of $\alpha$-adducin gene and hypertension, there was the considerable heterogeneity among the studies and the evidence is also rather borderline. Further comprehensive approaches are needed to resolve this debatable issue.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

Drinking excessive alcohol has been recognized as a risk factor for hypertension. However, the mechanism by which alcohol intake causes hypertension still remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol itself acts as a stress factor on vasculature and indirectly modulates vascular contractility. After end of exposure to 1, 2.5 and 5% ethanol for 45 min, rat aortic strips were subjected to contractile responses, immunoblot for Hsp70 and the measurement of levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exposure to 5% ethanol not only augmented contractions to KCl or phenylephrine, but also increased expression of Hsp70 and the levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation. There were no significant differences in contractions produced by $1\;{\mu}mol/L$ phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, a protein kinase C activator, whether the tissues were exposed to 5% ethanol or not. This is the first report to show that even short exposure to ethanol has a delayed effect to increase vascular smooth muscle contractility through a modulation of thick filament regulation. It may be a mechanism by which ingestion of alcohol induces hypertension.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

Objectives This study was performed to investigate the effects of obesity, food, physical activity and stress on blood pressure changes for children and for adolescents. Methods The participants were the first and the fourth grade elementary school students and the first grade of middle school students. They were asked to measure the blood pressure, height, weight and were asked to complete questionnaires. Results The systolic and diastolic blood pressure of male was significantly higher than that of female and the prevalence of hypertension among the first and the fourth grade elementary school students and the first grade of middle school students were 15.6%, 13.6%, and 7.8%, respectively. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were highly correlated with the level of blood pressure. However, food, and physical activity, stress and depression were poorly correlated with the level of blood pressure. Conclusions This study proved that blood pressures in children and in adolescent were closely related with obesity, sex, and height.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.92-108
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• 2009

This study suggests a model for continuing and comprehensive management of hypertension or Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korea. Moreover, this paper computed the contribution cost of hypertension or T2DM management using the healthcare medical cost, which could have occurred from stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that were successfully prevented from the effective hypertension or T2DM management. Additionally, these costs were compared with the cost of implementing the hypertension or T2DM management model suggested in this study. This study used the medical fee summary of the health insurance claims submitted to National Health Insurance Corporation by medical facilities for services provided during the period from January 1st 1999 to December 31st 2006. The prevalence rate with treatment referred to cases in which patients submitted their medical claims at least once during the period, along with an accordant diagnosis. The incidence rate with treatment referred to cases in which patients who never submitted claims for the accordant disease during the five years from 1999 to 2003 submitted claims for the accordant disease in 2004 and 2005. The relative risk of the occurrence of stroke, MI and ESRD was 11.0, 13.6, and 30.3, respectively. The attributable risk of hypertension or T2DM for stroke was 0.730, and that for MI and ESRD were 0.773 and 0.888, respectively. Based on these, the contribution cost of hypertension or T2DM is estimated to be 986.3 billion Korean Won(KRW) for stroke patients, 330.5 billion KRW for MI patients, and 561.7 billion KRW for ESRD patients as in 2005. Hence, the total contribution cost of hypertension or T2DM to stroke, MI, and ESRD is 1.878 trillion KRW. The estimate for operational costs included an annual expenditure of 50,000 KRW per each recipient and an annual subsidy of 0.22 million KRW per person for the 1.6 million low.income individuals with hypertension or T2DM to cover their out.of.pocket medical expenses. Under this assumption, it took approximately 0.6 trillion KRW to manage 5 million high.risk patients in the low. and mid.income range, coverings up to 50% of costs. In conclusion, considering the potential benefits of preventing stroke, MI, and ESRD, the costs seems to be reasonable.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 1991

This Study was carried out to measure the noise and to evalulate the prevalence of the noise-induced hearing loss and the hypertension in metal manufacturing workers. To perform this sutdy 116 workers were tested their hearing level and hypertension. 1. In frequency analysis, the $C_5$-dip phenomenon occurred around 4000 Hz. 2. Noise intensity was correlated significantly with hearing loss at 500, 1,000, 8,000 Hz (p<0.01). 3. Average hearing loss value by 4-divided method was $32.91{\pm}5.60dB$. 4. Hearing loss steadily increased to the 10th year and steadily after that at 4000 Hz. 5. The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss of 6,027 workers was 1.81 %. 6. The prevalence of hypertension of 116 workers was 11.2 %.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.775-780
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• 1989

This study concerns the late results observed at follow-up[average: 32.5 months] of 23 patients, in whom Patent Ductus Arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension among 55 patients. They were operated from May 1984 to July 1987 in Chonnam University Medical School. There was predominance of woman [2.5:1]. No operative death occurred. All of patients subside preoperative symptoms, but 1 patient diagnosed recannalization of duct at follow-up. Systolic murmur was found over the pulmonary area in 5 patients [22 %], but it may be not related to systolic pulmonary arterial pressure[SPAP]. Also, SPAP were normalized in 74 % of patients and had mild hypertension in 26 % of patients. Although the patients had Patent Ductus Arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension, successful surgical correction was carried out safely in all instance but one, by ligation and facilitated by hypotensive anesthesia.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Hypertension is a complex disease that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental influences and heritability is influenced by about one-third to one-half. However, the specific genetic variants determining risk for hypertension are still largely unknown. Here, we performed association analysis to elucidate the possible relations of genetic polymorphisms in ESR1 gene with blood pressure traits. By examining genotype data of a total of 3,804 women in the Korean Association REsource (KARE) study, we discovered the ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with blood pressure and hypertension. The highest significant polymorphisms were rs2982571 (${\beta}=-1.56$, $P=6.8{\times}10^{-3}$) with systolic blood pressure (SBP), rs9322335 (${\beta}=-0.61$, P=0.013) with diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and rs851985 (OR=0.78, CI: 0.65~0.94, $P=8.6{\times}10^{-3}$) with hypertension. In the 5 SNPs (rs2982571, rs851985, rs851983, rs851981, and rs851980), their ${\beta}$-values in SBP and/or DBP showed consistent trends with the odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension, and these 5 SNPs were composed with one LD block. Consequently, we found statistically significant SNPs in ESR1 gene that are associated with both blood pressure and hypertension traits. These results suggested that the individuals with the minor alleles of the 5 SNPs in the ESR1 gene may be less susceptible to the development of hypertension in the Korean women.