• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.230-243
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• 1996

Root surface exposure due to gingival recession after periodontal surgery, dentin exposure after root planing elicit pain response when exposed to mechanical, heat, chemical or osmotic stimulation. Especially, patients treated with periodontal surgery, show high frequency and there have been reports showing the 1 out of 7 patients have dentin hypersensitivity. There have been many studies on the clinical effects of various materials on the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. but, none could provide absolute clinical efficacy. In this study, 45 teeth from 30 patients, who had had periodontal surgery and showed dentin hypersensitivity after surgery were chosen for the experimental group and they were illuminated with laser, 15teeth were chosen for the control group and they were not exposed to laser. After this dentin hypersensitivity was elicited by tactile, compressed air, cold water and then, the degree was evaluated using NRS(Numerical Rating Scale). And during LLLT(Low Level Laser Therapy) semiconductor laser using Gallium - Arsenide as a diode was illuminated for 180 seconds at a frequency of 7(500Hz). This therapy was done 10 times, and each time the changes in dentin hypersensitivity was evaluated using NRS. The results were as follows : 1. After treat with LLLT on dentin hypersensitivity due to periodontal surgery, 22.2% showed total loss of dentin hypersensitivity, 60.0% showed loss of tactile dentin hypersensitivity, 48.8% showed loss of compressed air dentin hypersensitivity, 22.2% showed loss of cold water dentin hypersensitivity. 2. As a result of clinical evaluation of dentin hypersensitivity using NRS, there was significant increase in improvement of dentin hypersensitivity in the experimental group compare to the control group(P<0.05). And there was almost no natural loss of dentin hypersensitivity in the control group. 3. In comparison of the stages of evaluation, there was significant difference in between experimental and control group. after the second visit(P<0.05), and the difference increased with each visit.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 2018

Objectives This study was aimed to examine cold hypersensitivity tendency in the hands, feet and abdomen according to Sasang constitution among Koreans. Methods Multi stage stratified sampling was conducted for random selection of 1,100 participants aged ${\geq}19years$, based on sex, age, region in Oct.2010. Cold hypersensitivity was measured using a questionnaire to score the extent of cold hypersensitivity in the hands, feet, abdomen. Subjects' constitution was diagnosed by Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15). The cold hypersensitivity scores according to Sasang constitution were analyzed using logistic regression and one way ANOVA. Results On the one way ANOVA, Soeumin group's cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet scores were significantly higher than those of Taeeumin and Soyangin groups. However, there was no significant difference in the abdominal cold hypersensitivity scores by constitution. The regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, and sociodemographic variables, showed that Soeumin group had significantly higher cold hypersensitivity effects of the hands (${\beta}=0.105$, p = 0.002) and feet (${\beta}=0.099$, p = 0.003) than Taeeumin group. Conclusions Soeumin group significantly had higher cold hypersensitivity scores in the hands and feet than Taeumin and Soyangin group.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2004

Cold hypersensitivity means a condition feeling cold at a temperature when one should not feel so. Cold hypersensitivity has been diagnosed based on the patient's subjective complaints. But these days, cold hypersensitivity can be diagnosed by the help of D.I.T.I.(Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging) This study is designed to verify the validity of diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity by D.I.T.I. Thermographic findings of 100 outpatients who visited the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from June 2000 to November 2000 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 50 patients who complained cold hypersensitivity, and for the control group, 50 patients who did not complain cold hypersensitivity. For the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity of the hands, thermographic measurements were performed on two pairs of areas(palm-upper arm and back of hand-upper arm). And for that of the feet, other two pairs of areas(anterior thigh-top of the feet and posterior thigh-heel). When the criterion for thermal deviation between the palm and the upper arm was appointed as higher than $0.3^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was 94.0% and the specificity, 90.0%. And when the criterion for that between the anterior thigh and the top of feet was appointed higher than $2.0^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was 94.0% and the specificity, 76.0%. Through this study, the diagnostic standard for cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet could be presented.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to analyze basic data for cold hypersensitivity patients with a questionnaire and investigate correlation between cold hypersensitivity and Heart Rate Variability(HRV). Methods : 49 patients who complain of cold hypersensitivity on hands and feet in ambulatory care were investigated in Oriental Gynecology, Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center and Women medical center, Kangnam Koreana hospital from May 1, 2006 to October 20, 2006. All patients were asked to answer a questionnaire. After careful I examination to rule out other disease which may affect Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) and HRV data, patients were taken thermography for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity Based on the result of thermography, the patients were divided into two groups(Objective cold hypersensitivity and Subjective cold hypersensitivity). Then, these two groups were compared using HRV data which was measured in the supine position for 5 minutes. Results: 1. For most patients, cold hypersensitivity first developed during puberty. 2. The parts of the body that felt cold first time were hands and feet. 3. The cold sensation was increased in winter or at bedtime Showing that the sensation can be changed according to the level of coldness. 4. Among women who sufferfrom cold hypersensitivity, very few of them were treated. 5. More than half of cold hypersensitivity patients's family member also had a cold hypersensitivity. 6. The decrease in mean values of LF/HF ratio was observed in objective cold hypersensitivity group than subjective cold hypersensitivity group and the decrease was significant(P=0.014) when examined by Student t-test. Conclusions : It is necessary that the cold hypersensitivity patients should be treated carefully considering the facts mentioned above. And it can be suggested that dysautinomia be related with cold hypersensitivity and be evaluated by HRV.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.123-139
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• 2013

Purpose: Cold hypersensitivity is regarded to be associated with blood circulation. This study is aims to evaluate the effects and safety of oxygen chamber therapy on cold hypersensitivity by comparing the temperature and Visual Analogue Scale. Methods: 42 outpatients who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University Oriental Hospital from July 11th, 2013 to August 28th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference greater than $0.3^{\circ}C$ between upper arm and palm and also with more than VAS 4 of cold hypersensitivity were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. 42 outpatients diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity are divided into two groups, one is the experimental group consisted of 21 patients and other was control group consisted of 21 patients. The experimental group had oxygen chamber therapy 10 times for 4 weeks. Thereafter the effects of oxygen chamber therapy on cold hypersensitivity was analyzed with t-text using SPSS for Windows version 21. Results: After the oxygen chamber therapy, experimental group had considerable improvement on cold hypersensitivity, in consequence of decreasing rate of thermal difference and VAS of cold hypersensitivity. Ear deafness and hand numbness were reported as an adverse effects in experimental group, but there was no serious adverse effects. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed oxygen chamber therapy could be effective and safe to reduce cold hypersensitivity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2015

Objectives : Cold hypersensitivity has been regarded to be associated with Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). This study aims to investigate the indicator of cold hypersensitivity of hands and evaluate the correlation between indicator of coldness of hands and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Methods : We studied 55 patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands who visited in SeMyung University Hospital from 17 August 2015 to 21 August 2015. Thermometer and VAS scale were used for the diagnosis of cold hypersensitivity. After careful examination to rule out other disease which may affect thermometer and HRV data, patients were taken thermometer, those with thermal difference between upper arm (L4) and palm(P8), also asked to answer a VAS scale of cold hypersensitivity of hands, VAS more than 4 were enrolled for evaluation. Results : There was significant correlation between L4-P8 temperature difference and VAS score of cold hypersensitivity. In HRV data, normalized high frequency (HF normal) was significantly correlated with L4-P8 temperature difference, which was objective indicator of cold hypersensitivity of hands. Conclusions : L4-P8 temperature difference using thermometer is objective indicator of cold hypersensitivity, based on VAS scale. Cold hypersensitivity is highly related with ANS, regulating body heat and temperature. HRV is considered to be widely used in cold hypersensitivity in hands for evaluation of ANS.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.140-151
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• 2014

Objectives: Cold hypersensitivity has been regarded to be associated with digestive function. This study is aims to evaluate the correlation between digestive function and coldness of hands. Methods: We made a research of 80 women who is in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University. The patients were subjected to thermometer, and those with thermal difference between upper arm and palm were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. The patients were divided into two group by cold hypersensitivity group (n=20), and non-cold hypersensitivity group (n=19), and 39 women are mesured by Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K) to evaluate the severity of functional dyspepsia. Results: There was no difference between two groups on age, height, weight. In functional dyspepsia symptom score, 6 symptoms (Pain in upper abdomen, Burning in upper abdomen, Cramps in upper abdomen, Pressure in upper abdomen, Vomiting, Bad breath) out of 15 were significantly increased in cold hypersensitivity group compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. And in quality of life score, 3 domains (Tension/sleep, Interference with daily activities, Knowledge/control) out of 5, and total quality of life score were significantly decreased in cold hypersensitivity group compared with non-cold hypersensitivity group. Conclusions: This study shows the correlation between cold hypersensitivity and digestive function.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.116-123
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to research correlation of the malondialdehyde level in urinalysis with cold hypersensitivity. Methods: We studied 128 patients visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Hospital from March, 2013 to May, 2013. The subjects were categorized into two groups: cold hypersensitivity group (n=46) and control group (n=79). Patients in cold hypersensitivity group had been stressed because of severe cold hypersensitivity. First, We investigated the difference of the level of malondialdehyde between two groups. In addition, temperature of the two points, ST32 and LR3, was measured by using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) to find out whether the extent of cold hypersensitivity is related to the level of malondialdehyde. Results: There is no different characteristics between two groups. The average of malondialdehyde in cold hypersensitivity group ($1613.15{\pm}1260.71$) is significantly higher than in control group ($1170.01{\pm}1015.66$)(p=0.04). But there is no correlation between level of malondialdehyde and the extent of cold hypersensitivity (r=-0.22, p=0.13). Conclusions: Although the level of malondialdehyde in cold hypersensitivity group is higher than in control group, there is no significant correlation between level of malondialdehyde and the extent of cold hypersensitivity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.964-972
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• 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study is to report the effect of Yukmijiwhang-tang-gamibang on the treatment of hypersensitivity vasculitis. Case presentation: A patient with hypersensitivity vasculitis was treated with herbal medicine (3 times a day) and dressing (once per day) for 16 days. The severity of hypersensitivity vasculitis was assessed using the numeral rating scale (NRS) and pruritus score. After treatment, pain and itching symptoms were reduced, the NRS score improved from 5 to 1, and the pruritus score improved from 2 to 0. No adverse reactions were noted and no relapse of hypersensitivity vasculitis occurred within 38 days after the end of treatment. This result shows that herbal medicine could be effective and safe for treating hypersensitivity vasculitis. Conclusion: According to the results, Korean medicine such as Yukmijiwhang-tang-gamibang can be effective and safe for the treatment of hypersensitivity vasculitis.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2011

Purpose :To analyze body composition in postpartum women with cold-hypersensitivity, their edema index, skelectal muscle's weight and body fat were measured and analyzed with cold hypersensitive postpartum women compared with those of non-cold hypersensitivity. Methods : We studied 38 postpartum women visiting Gangnam Kyung-Hee Korean Hospital from 1 st October 2010 to 30th september 2011. they were subjected to Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging and those with thermal difference greater than $0.3^{\circ}C$ between anterior forearm and center of hand were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. Cold hypersensitivity group were consisted of 11 women, the other were consisted of 26 women. All of them were measured Edema index, skelectal muscle's weight and body fat by Inbody720(body composition scanner). We studied the difference of Body composition factor between two groups and relationship between cold-hypersensitivity, Edema index, skelectal muscle's weight and body fat by Independent Samples T-test and Spearman Correlation. Results : No significant differences were observed in edema index, skelectal muscle's weight and body fat between two groups. Conclusion : There was no significant relationship among the Cold-hypersensitivity and Body composition factor(Edema index, skelectal muscle's weight. body fat). But furthemore large scale study is required.