• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.288-300
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• 2011

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Hwangryungeehwang-tang (HRGHT), which has traditionally been used in Korean medicine for treating diabetes, by administering aqueous extracts to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Three different dosages of HRGHT extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment (60 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). 6 groups, of 8 rats per group were used in the present study, selected 3 weeks after streptozotocin treatment based on blood glucose levels and body weights. Changes to the body weights, blood glucose levels, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were observed, as well as changes on the pancreatic, hepatic and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) contents for lipid peroxidation and glutathione contents for antioxidant effects. The results were compared with a potent antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related complications are already confirmed. Results : Significant decrease of blood glucose levels, serum LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal MDA contents and significant increase of body weights, serum HDL levels, pancreatic, hepatic and renal GSH contents were detected in HRGHT extracts 100 and 200 mg/kg administered groups as compared to the streptozotocin control group. The lowest dosage of HRGHT treated group, 50 mg/kg, did not show any favorable effects as compared with the streptozotocin control. Conclusions : HRGHT has favorable effects on diabetes and related hyperlipidemia. Therefore, more detailed mechanism studies should be conduced in future with efficacy tests of individual herbal compositions of HRGHT and screening of the biological active compounds in the herbs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 1998

Our previous study demonstrated that dietary taurine or glycine supplementation significantly lowered plasma and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. In the present study, the effect of long term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation, for the purpose of preventing and/or treating of hyperlipidemia and other known biological functions, on plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations and profiles were evaluated in rats. Three groups of male rats(110-130g) were fed a control diet(CD), taurine-supplemented diets(TSD ; CD+ 1.5% taurine) or glycine-supplemented diet(GSD ; CD+1.5% glycine) for 5 weeks. Plasma and hepatic free amino acid concentrations were determined by an automated amino acid analyzer based on ion-exchange chormatography. The feeding of TSD for 5 weeks yielded a 444% higher plasma taurine concentration , and the feeding GSD for the same period resulted in a 143% higher plasma glycine level in rats compared to those fed DB. Hepatic taurine concentration was significantly higher in rats fed TSD(145% increase) compared to the control rats. However, hepatic glycine concentration was not influenced by dietary glycine supplementation , which implies that the massive dose of glycine entering the body was more rapidly metabolized or excreted than taurein. Dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in similar changes in plasma free amino acid concentrations, except in levels of taurine and glycine. Plasma levels of histidine, lysine, phenylalanine , alanine, proline, hydroxypoline, $\alpha$-aminogutyric acid, cystathionine and ethanolamine were significantly higher in rats fed TSD or GSD than those fed GD. Glycine supplementation did not change hepatic free amino acid concentrations as compared to CD. Concentrations of most hepatic free amino acids were not influenced by dietary taurine supplementation with the exception of significantly higher levels of asparate and tyrosine(56-63% increase) and lower levels of histidine and glutamate(33-34% decrease) compared to the control rats. These results suggest long-term dietary taurine or glycine supplementation resulted in increases in most plasma free amino acid levels, but did not cause a characteristic change in plasma aminogram pattern compared to rats fed CD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.728-732
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• 2006

In this study, the effects of corn peptide consumption on plasma lipid profiles were investigated in high cholesterol diet-fed rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 21) were fed with corn peptide-free (control) diet, diets containing 2% or 5% com peptide for 5 weeks. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by adding l% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid to all diets. No difference was found in food intake and body weight gain among groups. The corn peptide treated groups showed significant improvement in the plasma level of HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) compared to the control group, while the plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not affected.5oio corn peptide supplemented diet reduced plasma level of triglycerides (p<0.05) The atherogenic index was decreased in the corn peptide treated groups. These results suggest that consumption of corn peptide may lead to an amelioration of metabolic syndrome as well as a reduction of cardiovascular disease and hyperlipidemia through increasing the level of HDL-cholesterol, and decreasing the level of triglycerides in plasma.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

${\varepsilon}$-Polylysine (EPL) is used as a natural preservative in food. However, few studies have been conducted to assess the beneficial functions of dietary EPL. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inhibition of neutral and acidic sterol absorption and hepatic enzyme activity-related fatty acid biosynthesis following EPL intake. EPL digest prepared using an in vitro digestion model had lower lipase activity and micellar lipid solubility and higher bile acid binding capacity than casein digest. Male Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet containing 1% (wt/wt) EPL or L-lysine. After 4 weeks of feeding these diets, the marked decrease in serum and liver triacylglycerol contents by the EPL diet was partly attributed to increased fecal fatty acid excretion. The activities of hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which are key enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis, were enhanced in rats fed EPL diet. The increased fatty acid biosynthesis activity due to dietary EPL may be prevented by the enhancement of fecal fatty acid excretion. The hypocholesterolemic effect of EPL was mediated by increased fecal neutral and acidic sterol excretions due to the EPL digest suppressing micellar lipid solubility and high bile acid binding capacity. These results show that dietary EPL has beneficial effects that could help prevent lifestyle-related diseases such as hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was designed to test the effect of a warm environment and Bujaijung-tang on immune and lipid metabolism in rats. Methods : The extract from Bujaijung-tang was made by the pharmacy department of Kyung-Hee oriental medical hospital. The animals were divided into four groups, by room or warm environment and Bujaijung-tang administration. Each group had 8 Sprague-Dawley Rats. We measured body temperature twice a week, body weight three times a week. After 3 weeks of experiment, serum lipid level, WBC, differential count, lymphocyte proliferation and immune cytokine concentration were measured. Results : 1. warm environment induced weight loss in rats. 2. warm environment induced a decrease of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol gain. 3. warm environment and Bujaijung-tang induced an increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ concentration. Conclusions : The warm environment had a hyperlipidemia modulating effect. The warm environment and Bujaijung-tang had an immune modulating effect.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.348-353
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• 2006

In this study, a 40% ethanol extract of Chinese yam flour (Dioscoreae rhizoma), containing $177{\pm}58{\mu}g/mL$ of dioscin, was tested in order to evaluate its pharmacological effects on the gastrointestinal tracts of Sprague-Dawley rats. Via the ingestion of the Chinese yam extract, the secretion of gastric acid was suppressed in the rats, and gastrointestinal motility increased by as much as 10%. The fecal quantity of rats fed on the Chinese yam extract also increased, by more than 40% as compared with that of the controls. The Chinese yam extract was found not to affect the growth of normal intestinal bacteria. However, a great deal of lactose-fermenting bacteria was observed in the fecal samples of rats fed for 6 weeks on 2% Chinese yam extract. This finding would appear to suggest that Chinese yam extract not only induces an improvement in digestive capability, but also affects the conversion of some intestinal flora to helpful bacteria. Our serochemical analyses indicated that serum glucose, neutral lipid, and total cholesterol levels were reduced to some degree by long-term feeding on Chinese yam extract. This finding bolsters the notion that Chinese yam extract may prove helpful as a digestion-aiding agent for patients suffering from hyperglycemia or hyperlipidemia.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

Increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. For measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (WE) or ethanol extraction (EE) and examined for total polyphenol content (TPC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and antigenotoxic activity. The in vivo antioxidant activity of spinach was assessed using blood and liver lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats fed a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD) for 6 weeks. The TPC of WE and EE were shown as $1.5{\pm}0.0$ and $0.5{\pm}0.0mg$ GAE/g, respectively. Increasing the concentration of the extracts resulted in increased ORAC value, CAA, and antigenotoxic activity for all extracts tested. HFCD-fed rats displayed hyperlipidemia and increased oxidative stress, as indicated by a significant rise in blood and liver lipid profiles, an increase in plasma conjugated diene concentration, an increase in liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and a significant decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity compared with rats fed normal diet. However, administration of 5% spinach showed a beneficial effect in HFCD rats, as indicated by decreased liver TBARS level and DNA damage in leukocyte and increased plasma conjugated dienes and Mn-SOD activity. Thus, the antioxidant activity of spinach may be an effective way to ameliorate high fat and cholesterol diet-induced oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2009

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture on lipids, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet. Methods: Hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet were divided into 5 groups: no treatment control (normal, n=8), high-fat diet only control (control, n=8), high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at CV4 group (TI, n=8), high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at CV17 group (TII, n=8), and high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at EX-HN3 group (TIII, n=8). They were given pharmacopuncture accordingly every other day for two weeks followed by analyses of lowering lipids effects, oxidative capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Results: Compared with the control, pharmacopuncture groups showed significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC), liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, neutrophils, monocytes, plasma and liver IL-$1{\beta}$, and plasma and liver IL-6. In other parameters including plasma and liver triglyceride, liver TC, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, liver TBARS, supraoxide dismutase, total protein, albumin, blood cell analysis, plasma and liver TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10, there was no significant difference between control and pharmacopuncture groups. No clear acupoint-specificity was observed. Conclusions: Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture may improve control of hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2000

Effect of potato polyphenolic compound on the concentrations of serum and liver lipids, serum glucose, and urine protein was investigated in Sprague Dawley rats by feeding a diet containing 0.5% of cholesterol for 2 weeks. Polyphenolic compound extracted from potato (Solanum tuberosum variety Dejima) was supplemented at a 0.5% level in the basal diet or the cholesterol diet. The supplementation of potato polyphenolic compounds decreased slightly the concentrations of total cholesterol and VLDL+LDL-cholesterol in serum, and atherosclerotic index in rats fed the cholesterol diet, while those measurements were not altered by the supplementation of potato polyphenolic compounds in rats fed the basal diet. In the rats fed the basal diet or the cholesterol diet containing potato polyphenolic compounds, urine protein increased by 12% and 27% at 1st week, respectively, but this change was not seen at 2nd week. The concentration of serum glucose, however, was not significantly different in the dietary groups.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder, which is characterized by proteinuria, edema (swelling), and hyperlipidemia. Maydis Stigma (Corn silk) has been widely used in Asia as a traditional medicine and is known to have a diuretic effect and is used for the treatment of edema and indigestion. Methods: The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement effect of Maydis Stigma in treating nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously injected with 75 mg/kg/day puromycin aminonucleoside, then treated with either Losartan or 200 mg/kg/day Maydis Stigma for seven days. Results: Maydis Stigma significantly decreased ascites and proteinuria level. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and plasma creatinine reduced significantly by Maydis Stigma. In addition, treatment with Maydis Stigma attenuated histological damage. Treatment with Maydis Stigma also restored podocin expression and reduced inflammation markers such as intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). Conclusions: Maydis Stigma ameliorates kidney injury in nephrotic syndrome rat models. Maydis Stigma exerts a renoprotective effect owing to its anti-inflammatory effects and reductions of ascites and proteinuria. Thus, these results indicate that Maydis Stigma is likely to be a promising agent in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome.