• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2021

As blockchain technology has emerged as a security issue for IoT, technology which integrates block chain into IoT is being studied. In this paper is a research concerning token-based IoT service access control technology for data sharing, which propose a possessor focused data sharing technic by using the permissioned blockchain. To share IoT health data, a Hyperledger Fabric Network consisting of three organizations was designed to provide a way to share data by applying different access control policies centered on device owners for different services. In the proposed system, the device owner issues access control tokens with different security levels applied to the participants in the organization, and the token issue information is shared through the distributed ledger of the HFN. In IoT, it is possible to lightweight the access control processing of IoT devices by granting tokens to service requesters who request access to data. Furthmore, by sharing token issuance information among network participants using HFN, the integrity of the token is guaranteed and all network participants can trust the token. The device owners can trust that their data is being used within their authorized rights, and control the collection and use of data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.62-64
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• 2019

4차 산업 혁명에 들어서며 블록체인 기술이 크게 주목받고 있다. 블록체인의 간단한 정의는 분산 환경에서 모든 노드들이 수정할 수 없는 원장을 관리 하는 것이다. 블록체인은 크게 public 블록체인과 private 블록체인으로 구분할 수 있다. 이중 private 블록체인에 대한 연구가 활발히 이뤄지고 있고, 실제 많은 기업이나 연구소에서 실제 환경이나 시스템에 적용 시키려는 노력을 하고 있다. 많은 블록체인 플랫폼 중 하이퍼레저는 가장 활발히 개발이 진행되고 있는 오픈 소스 프로젝트 중 하나이다. 하이퍼레저는 Linux Foundation에서 주관하는 프로젝트로 그 중 가장 널리 알려져 있는 플랫폼으로 패브릭이 있다. 패브릭은 private 블록체인 기술로 비즈니스 상황에서 조직간 블록체인 환경을 구성하는 것에 초점이 맞춰져 있는 플랫폼이다. 패브릭은 클라이언트가 트랜잭션을 제출한 후 원장에 저장될 때까지의 과정을 독립적으로 실행되는 3 단계로 구분해 놓고 있다. 3단계는 실행, 순서화, 검증 단계로 이루어져 있다. 본 논문에서는 실행과 순서화 단계에 대해 처리시간 분석을 진행한다. 분석한 데이터를 기반으로 어떤 단계의 영향이 가장 큰지 살펴보고 차후 연구에 이용할 것이다. 차후 연구는 실행과 순서화 단계에 대한 처리시간을 줄일 수 있는 연구를 진행할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.110-112
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• 2019

블록체인은 4차 산업혁명 핵심 키워드 중 하나이다. 하지만 현재 블록체인 기술을 접목시킨 사례는 굉장히 적다. 그것은 블록체인 시스템에서 트랜잭션을 처리하는 속도가 느린 것을 이유로 볼 수 있다. 기존에 빠른 속도로 많은 트랜잭션을 처리하던 시스템에 비해 느린 블록체인 기술을 접목시키는 것은 어려움이 있다. 때문에 블록체인 연구는 합의 알고리즘, 다양한 네트워크 구성 등을 이용하여 트랜잭션 처리 속도를 늘리는 연구들이 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스 프로젝트인 하이퍼레저 패브릭의 트랜잭션 처리 속도를 향상시키기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 패브릭은 블록에 트랜잭션을 추가하기 위해 독립적으로 수행되는 3단계를 거쳐 수행된다. 그 중 1번째 단계인 보증 단계의 최적화를 진행한다. 패브릭에서 클라이언트로부터 피어가 반복적인 요청을 받을 때 매번 같은 네트워크에 속해 있는 노드인지 확인을 하게 되는데, 한번 보증을 완료한 노드는 일정 기간 동안 노드 확인을 거치지 않고 체인 코드를 수행하여 트랜잭션을 처리하도록 하는 방법을 제안한다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.743-749
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• 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing technology along with artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Recently, increasing cases of developing knowledge services using information collected from sensor data have been reported. Communication is required to connect the IoT and AI, and 5G mobile networks have been widely spread recently. IoT, AI services, and 5G mobile networks can be configured and used as sensor-mobile edge-server. The sensor does not send data directly to the server. Instead, the sensor sends data to the mobile edge for quick processing. Subsequently, mobile edge enables the immediate processing of data based on AI technology or by sending data to the server for processing. 5G mobile network technology is used for this data transmission. Therefore, this study examines the challenges, opportunities, and solutions used in each type of technology. To this end, this study addresses clustering, Hyperledger Fabric, data, security, machine vision, convolutional neural network, IoT technology, and resource management of 5G mobile networks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2021

Recently, user-driven privacy control technology, such as distributed ID management, has been gaining attention. However, the existing blockchain-based access control studies have not provided a sufficient level of privacy control method to users. This paper proposes a method that combines permissioned blockchain technology and a recent privacy control standard. To allow users to participate in privacy control, a token-based user access control service that conforms to the UMA2 standard was applied to the blockchain dApp. By combining the blockchain and UMA2, the proposed method provides a user-centered privacy control function that the existing blockchain could not provide. In addition, we solved the problem of privacy, security, and availability of entities, which are the disadvantages of UMA2.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4400-4419
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• 2021

In the 4th Industrial Revolution, the healthcare industry is undergoing a paradigm shift from post-care and management systems based on diagnosis and treatment to disease prevention and management based on personal precision medicine. To optimize medical services for individual patients, an open ecosystem for the healthcare industry that allows the exchange and utilization of personal health records (PHRs) is required. However, under the current system of hospital-centered data management, it is difficult to implement the linking and sharing of PHRs in practice. To address this problem, in this study, we present the design and implementation of a patient-centered PHR platform using blockchain technology. This platform achieved transparency and reliability in information management by eliminating the risk of leakage and tampering/altering personal information, which could occur when using a PHR. In addition, the patient-consent system was applied to a PHR; thus, the patient acted as the user with ownership. The proposed blockchain-based PHR platform enables the integration of personal medical information with scattered distribution across multiple hospitals, and allows patients to freely use their health records in their daily lives and emergencies. The proposed platform is expected to serve as a stepping stone for patient-centered healthcare data management and utilization.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2023

With the growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, the number of IoT devices developers need to manage has increased exponentially. Many IoT standards have been proposed to allow those devices to communicate efficiently in day-to-day tasks. However, we lack trusted interworking entities for devices from different standards to collaborate securely. This paper proposes a blockchain platform that bridges multiple heterogeneous IoT platforms to co-exist and interwork. Specifically, we designed an interworking proxy application entity (IPE) implemented as a chaincode in Hyperledger Fabric to collect and process data coming from/to oneM2M and LWM2M architecture. The use of blockchain will guarantee network reliability and data integrity so that cross-standard communications can be audited and processed securely. Based on our evaluation, we show that the interworking between oneM2M and LWM2M through our blockchain platform is feasible. Furthermore, the proposed system can process up to 206 transactions per second with 1,000 running applications, which is about an 87% increase from the previously referenced study.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.385-392
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• 2022

As energy-saving techniques based on human behavior patterns have recently become an issue, the occupant-centered control system is adopted for estimating personal preference of indoor environment and optimizing environmental comfort and energy consumption. Accordingly, IoT devices have been used to collect indoor environmental quality (IEQ) data and personal data. However, the need to safely collect and manage data has been emerged due to cybersecurity issues. Therefore, this paper aims to present a framework that can safely transmit occupant-centered data collected from IoT to a private blockchain server using Hyperledger fabric. In the case study, the minimum value product of the mobile application and smartwatch application was developed to evaluate the usability of the proposed blockchain-based occupant-centered data collection framework. The results showed that the proposed framework could collect data safely and hassle-free in the daily life of occupants. In addition, the performance of the blockchain server was evaluated in terms of latency and throughput when ten people in a single office participated in the proposed data collection framework. Future works will further apply the proposed data collection framework to the building management system to automatically collect occupant data and be used in the HVAC system to reduce building energy consumption without security issues.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2023

As remote services and remote work become commonplace, the use of the Metaverse has grown. This allows transactions like real estate and finance in virtual Second Life. However, conducting economic activities in the Metaverse presents unique security challenges compared to the physical world and conventional cyberspace. To address these, the paper proposes solutions centered on authentication and privacy. It suggests improving data preprocessing based on Metaverse data's uniqueness and introduces a new authentication service using NFTs while adhering to W3C's DID framework. The system is implemented using Hyperledger Indy blockchain, and its success is confirmed through implementation analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.987-997
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• 2018

Blockchain has tamper-free, so many applications are developing to leverage tamper-free features of blockchain. MIT Media Labs proposed BlockCerts, educational certificate blockchain System, to solve problems of legacy certificate verifications. Existing educational certificate blockchain Systems are based on public blockchain such as bitcoin, Ethereum, so any entity can participate educational institute in principal. Moreover, the exisitng educational certricate blockchain system utilizes the integrity of blockchain, but the confidentiality of the educational certificate is not provided. This paper propose a digital certificate system based on private blockchain, name HyperCerts. Therefore, only trusted entity can participate in the private blockchain network, Hyperledger, as the issuer of digital certificate. Furthermore, the practical byzantine fault tolerance is used as consensus algorithm, HyperCerts reduce dramatically the latency of issuing digital certificate and required computing power. HyperCerts stores the hash value of digital certificate into the ledger, so breach of personal information by malicious entity in the private blockchain is protected.