• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2021

건선(Psoriasis)은 IL-6, CXCL8, TNF-α 및 IFN-γ뿐만 아니라 Th17 세포에서 분비되는 IL-17A 등 다양한 염증성 사이토카인에 의해 표피의 과증식(hyperkeratosis) 및 만성적 염증(inflammation)이 유발되는 난치성 피부 질환이다. 소목(Caesalpinia sappan L.)의 유효성분으로 알려진 브라질린(brazilin)은 항산화, 항염증 및 피부 장벽 개선 등의 효능이 알려졌다. 특히, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α 자극 HaCaT 각질형성세포 모델에서 브라질린의 건선 치료 소재 가능성을 보여주었다. 그러나, 직접적인 건선 유발 인자인 C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 20의 조절은 전혀 보고되지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 건선 유사 모델을 활용해 CCL20 발현 조절 여부 및 그 기작에 대해 규명하고자 하였다. IL-17A로 자극된 HaCaT 세포에서 브라질린은 CCL20, CXCL8 발현 및 signal transducer and transcription (STAT)3 인산화를 유의하게 억제하였다. 또한, 브라질린은 TNF-α/IL-17A/IFN-γ 3종 사이토카인으로 처리된 조건에서도 STAT3 인산화를 억제하며 염증성 분자(CXCL8, CCL20, IL-1, IL-6, 및 TNF-α)의 발현을 하향 조절하였다. 마지막으로 브라질린은 TNF-α/IL-17A/IFN-γ로 자극된 건선 유사 환경에서 피부 장벽 개선에도 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 위 결과들을 통해 우리는 궁극적으로 브라질린이 STAT3 인산화 억제를 통해 CCL20 발현을 하향 조절하며, 건선 유발 사이토카인들의 발현 또한 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 향후, 건선 동물모델 및 임상시험을 통해 브라질린의 건선 개선에 대한 효능이 검증된다면, 건선 환자에게 잠재적인 치료 물질로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1340-1349
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease. Methods: Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation). Results: The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Corynebacterium sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus haemolyticus, and Escherichia coli. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between $9.10{\times}10^3$ to $6.94{\times}10^6$ colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals' waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Conclusion: Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterimum bovis were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.713-719
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 대두 추출물인 LES가 DNCB에 의해 인위적으로 접촉피부염을 유발시킨 랫드의 피부 회복능에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 알레르기 접촉피부염이 유발된 피부에 LES 17.6 mg/ml를 3-5회 도포하여 피부 표면을 조직학적 분석하여 본 결과 각질이 제거된 깨끗하고 매끄러운 상태로 되었으며, 비후화된 표피층의 두께도 점차 정상군과 같은 두께로 회복시키는 효과를 나타냈다. 또한 LES는 체내 지질함량을 낮춰 정상수준으로 회복시키는 지질함량의 개선에 효과적으로 작용하고 있으며, 혈장 내 IgE의 수준도 정상군 수준으로 감소시키고 있으며, LES에 의해 염증 반응과 관련된 iNOS와 COX-2의 활성도 감소되어 피부의 과민반응 해소에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. LES에 포함된 주 성분 중 하나인 lunasin은 세포 침투와 함께 핵 내로 이동하는 것으로 확인되어 전체 유전자 또는 일부 유전자의 발현을 조절하는 데 관여할 것으로 추측된다. 이러한 결과로 보아 LES는 알레르기성 접촉피부염에 매우 효과적인 치료 효과를 나타내고 있기 때문에 기존의 알레르기성 접촉피부염 치료제를 대체할 수 있는 제제로서 응용이 기대된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

Purpose: Anatomically, the foot is provided with insufficient blood supply and is relatively vulnerable to venous congestion compared to other parts of the body. Soft tissue defects are more difficult to manage and palliative treatments can cause hyperkeratosis or ulcer formation, which subsequently requires repeated surgeries. For weight bearing area such as the heel, not only is it important to provide wound coverage but also to restore the protective senses. In these cases, application of flaps for hind foot reconstruction is widely recognized as an effective treatment. In this study, we report the cases of soft tissue reconstruction for which various types of flaps were used to produce good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects. Methods: Data from 37 cases of hind foot operation utilizing flaps performed between from June 2000 to June 2008 were analyzed. Results: Burn related factors were the most common cause of defects, accounting for 19 cases. In addition, chronic ulceration was responsible for 8 cases and so forth. Types of flaps used for the operations, listed in descending order are radial forearm free flap (18), medial plantar island flap (6), rotation flap (5), sural island flap (3), anterolateral thigh free flap (2), lattisimus dorsi muscular flap (2), and contra lateral medial plantar free flap (1). 37 cases were successful, but 8 cases required skin graft due to partial necrosis in small areas. Conclusion : Hind foot reconstruction surgeries that utilize flaps are advantageous in protecting the internal structure, restoring functions, and achieving proper contour aesthetically. Generally, medial plantar skin is preferred because of the anatomical characteristics of the foot (e.g. fibrous septa, soft tissue for cushion). However alternative methods must be applied for defects larger than medial plantar skin and cases in which injuries exist in the flap donor / recipient site (scars in the vicinity of the wound, combined vascular injury). We used various types of flaps including radial forearm neurosensory free flap in order to reconstruct hind foot defects, and report good results in both functional and cosmetic aspects.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-114
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.16.1-16.5
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• 2018

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral potentially malignant disorder, characterized by multifocal expression, progressive clinical evolution, and a high rate of malignant transformation. Evidence-based information regarding optimal PVL management is lacking, due to the paucity of data. The present report describes a case of PVL associated with HPV-16 infection and epithelial dysplasia treated by diode laser surgery, and the outcome of disease clinical remission over a 2-year follow-up period. Case report: A 61-year-old Caucasian male with oral verrucous hyperkeratosis presented for diagnosis. The lesions were localized on the maxillary gingiva and palatal alveolar ridge. Multiple biopsy specimens have been taken by mapping the keratotic lesion area. Microscopic examination was compatible with a diagnosis of PVL with focal mild dysplasia, localized in the right maxillary gingiva. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done for human papillomavirus (HPV) detection which revealed presence of HPV DNA, and the genotype revealed HPV 16 in the sample. The PVL in the right gingival area was treated on an outpatient basis by excision with a diode laser. This approach resulted in good clinical response and decreased morbidity over a 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: This case illustrates the benefit of a conservative approach by diode laser treatment than wide surgical excision for management of the PVL lesions associated with mild dysplasia and HPV-16 infection.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-93
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• 2008

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to this condition in humans. Methods To investigate the effect of KKHS on atopic dermatitis (AD), we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis of NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results In vivo, clinical skin severity score was significantly lower in the KKHS group than in the control group. IgE, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum decreased remarkably in the KKHS group than in the control group, and the level of IFN-${\gamma}$ production which is secreted from Th1 cell was increased by KKHS. After this experiment we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$, $CD4^+CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It results that the total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as much as normal state, and the level of $CD3^+CD69^+$ in isolated DLN and PBMCs were significantly decreased, and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by KKHS. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E), toluidine staining (mast cells marker). KKHS were very effective to the histological symptoms which are in dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Ear thickness was significantly decreased compared with the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells (ILC) and plasma cells (PC) in DLN were also decreased. Conclusions KKHS on atopic dermatitis in an in-vivo experiment using an NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effectiveness to the atopy dermatitis treatment.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.142-154
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• 2022

지하수의 비소(As) 오염은 방글라데시의 주요 문제 중 하나이다. 독성은 부종, 피부암, 방광암, 폐암, 각화 과다증, 조산, 흑사병과 같은 심각한 건강 문제를 야기한다. 지하수의 오염은 주로 인위적 활동의 영향을 받는 지역의 지질학적 특성에서 발생된다. 방글라데시 국민의 대부분이 지하수에 식수를 의존하고 있기에 비소 오염 현황을 조사하고 물이 부족한 지역에 안전한 식수를 제공하기 위하여 비소 처리를 위한 수처리 기술이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 92개의 논문을 기반으로 방글라데시의 지하수 As 오염 관련 최근 현황과 다양한 저비용 정화 기술에 대한 트렌드를 조사하였다. 방글라데시에서 지하수 비소 오염이 가장 높은 지역은 Brahamanbariya, Tangail, Barisal, Pabna, Patuakhali 및 Kurigram등 총 4곳이며, Magura 및 Faridpur 등의 지역에서는 비소 농도가 0.05mg/L를 초과한다. WHO 표준 가이드라인 값(<0.01 mg/L)을 만족하는 지역은 Kushtia, Khagrachari, Jessore, Dinajpur, Meherpur 및 Munshiganj 등 총 6곳으로 나타났다. 수중에서 As를 처리하는 기술이 다양하다. 시간-비용효율적인 처리 방법은 Mg-Fe계 Hydrotalcite와 유사 화합물, electro-chemical As remediation (ECAR) reactor, aerated electrocoagulation 등이 적용되고 있다. 전반적으로 예산, 운영 및 유지 관리 비용, 재료의 가용성 및 전문 지식 요구 사항 등을 고려하여 수질 내 비소를 처리해야 한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2013

Objectives : Horse oil (HO) has been used long time as the folk medicine of many Asian countries such as Korea, Mongol, China, India and Japan. HO has been used for anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pruritic purposes in skin. However, it is still largely unknown whether HO modulates the skin condition. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of HO on the 1 % of 2, 4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice. Methods : To find the anti-inflammatory effect of HO, contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory response of skin, was induced on the back of Balb/c mice by sensitization and repeated application by 1% DNCB and HO treated 2 weeks on the 1% of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Excised mice skins were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and serum IgE level was measured by mouse IgE ELISA kit. Results : In this study, we found that HO reduced erythema by 1% of DNCB treated Balb/c mice. Also, HO recovered histopathological features such as the thickening of epidermis, hyperkeratosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in 1% of DNCB treated Balb/c mice. In addition, HO reduced IgE level on the serum obtained from blood of 1% of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Conclusion : Taken together, these results showed that HO could be used as a pharmaceutical material with anti-inflammatory effects by reducing of erythema, IgE level and recovering of histopathological features skin on DNCB-induced contact hypersensitivity in Balb/c mice model.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2023

여드름은 가장 흔한 피부 질환 중 하나로 청소년기에 주로 발생한다. 호르몬, 유전, 환경적 요인이 알려져 있으며, 이 외에도 피부 과각화 및 C. acnes의 과증식 등이 여드름 발병에 중요한 역할을 한다. CBD는 통증과 스트레스 완화 및 항염증 특성을 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 뿐만 아니라, CBD가 함유된 대마 추출물이 여드름 완화 및 치료에 효과적인 소재로 보고되었다. 그러나 이에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정으로, 본 연구를 통하여 피지세포에서 CBD의 항여드름 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 본 연구진은 세포에 CBD를 처리하여 지질 합성과 증식에 대한 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그런 다음 CBD가 SREBP-1를 통해 지방 생성에 대한 억제 효과를 가지는 것을 입증했다. 또한 SREBP-1의 상위 조절자인 Akt와 AMPK가 CBD에 의해 조절되는 것을 확인했다. 종합하면, 본 연구 결과를 통해 CBD가 Akt/AMPK-SREBP-1 경로 조절을 통해 지방 생성을 억제하여 여드름 완화 소재로 이용될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 과각화증으로 인한 염증에 대한 CBD의 효과를 확인하기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하며, 이는 여드름에 대한 CBD의 활용 가능성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.