• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.66-71
• /
• 2008

Long term exposure of Jurkat cells to 2 ATA pressure resulted in the inhibition of cell growth. Under a 2 ATA pressure, the morphological changes in the cells were visualized by electron microscopy. The cells exhibited significant inhibitory responses after three passages. However, short-term exposure study was carried out, 2 ATA pressure may have beneficial effects. The Jurkat cells were exposed to $H_2O_2$ (25 and $50{\mu}M$) in order to induce DNA damage, and then incubated under at either normal pressure or 2 ATA for 1 or 2 hours in order to recover the DNA damage. The extent of DNA damage was determined via Comet assay. More recovery from DNA damage was observed at 2 ATA than at normal pressure. The activity of the DNA repair enzymes, DNA polymerase-$\beta$, was also evaluated at both normal pressure and 2 ATA. The activity of DNA polymerase-$\beta$ was observed to have increased significantly at the 2 ATA than at normal pressure. In conclusion, the effects of hyperbaric pressure from 1 ATA to 2 ATA on biochemical systems can be either beneficial or harmful. Long term exposure to hyperbaric pressure clearly inhibited cell proliferation and caused genotoxic effects, but short-term exposure to hyperbaric pressure proved to be beneficial in terms of bolstering the DNA repair system. The results of the present study have clinical therapeutic application, and might prove to be an useful tool in the study of genotoxicity in the future.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.114-122
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study attempted to test whether there are differences in the level and hemodynamic side effects (blood pressure, heart rate, $O_2$ saturation), and nausea & vomiting of spinal anesthesia using hyperbaric bupivacaine according to position (supine, lateral, and prone positions) in orthopedic surgery patients who received podiatric surgery under spinal anesthesia. Methods: This study was conducted with 53 patients who had received orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia at I General Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 through repeated-measures ANOVA, post-hoc test, Chi-test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: The change of position after spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine caused a change in the level of spinal anesthesia (F=12.768, p<.001). However, no difference of blood pressure, heart rate, $O_2$ saturation and nausea and vomiting caused by the change in anesthesia level was observed, and in prone position, drug was administered for the correction of side effects. Conclusion: As expected, recognizing that there can be a change in the level of spinal anesthesia after the change of position in surgical patients, nurse anesthetists should monitor their conditions carefully and continuously.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.1 no.6
• /
• pp.749-758
• /
• 1997

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is known to be mediated by reactive oxygen species. The myocardial cell is equipped with endogenous antioxidant defensive system which can be adaptively stimulated by various oxidative stress. It is postulated that an increased oxygen partial pressure induced by hyperbaric oxygenation impose an oxidative stress on the cells, resulting alterations in the endogenous antioxidant system. In this study we investigated the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the activities of myocardial antioxidant enzymes and observed whether the hyperbaric oxygenation could protect the ischemia-reperfusion injury of heart. Rats or rabbits were pretreated with hyperbaric $oxygenation(2{\sim}3\;atm\;O_2/1{\sim}3\;hrs/1{\sim}10\;days)$. The changes in activities of major antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phasphate dehydrogenase), functional recovery and infarct size were observed in the experimentally induced ischemia-reperfused hearts. In the hearts isolated from rats pretreated with $2\;atm\;O_2/1{\sim}2\;hrs$ for 5 days, the functional recovery after reperfusion(20 min) following global ischemia(25 min) was significantly increased without any observable oxygen toxicity. Lactate dehydrogenase release was also significantly reduced in this hyperbaric oxygenated rat hearts. In in vivo regional ischemia(30 min) model of rabbit hearts, pretreatrment with $2\;atm\;O_2/1\;hr$ for 5 days significantly limited the infarct size. Among the myocardial antioxidant enzymes of rat hearts pretreated with the hyperbaric oxygenation, the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase were increased, while those of glutathione peroxidase and reductase were not changed. There were lethal cases in the groups of rats exposed to 3 atm $3\;atm\;O_2/2{\sim}3\;hrs$ for 5 days. A lipid-peroxidation product, rnnlondialdehyde was increased in brains and livers of the rats exposed to$2\;atm\;O_2/2{\sim}3\;hrs/5\;days\;and\;3\;atm\;O_2/1\;hr/5days$. The present results suggest that the pretreatment of hyperbaric oxygenation can protect the post-ischemic rererfused hearts in association with a stimulation of the activities of myocardial antioxidant defensive enzymes, and that the hyperbaric oxygenation of $2\;atm\;O_2/1\;hr$for 5 days would be a safe condition which does not produce any oxygen toxicity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2017

Vascular reactivity can be influenced by the vascular region, animal age, and pathologies present. Prostaglandins (produced by COX-1 and COX-2) play an important role in the contractile response to phenylephrine in the abdominal aorta of young rats. Although these COXs are found in many tissues, their distribution and role in vascular reactivity are not clear. At a vascular level, they take part in the homeostasis functions involved in many physiological and pathologic processes (e.g., arterial pressure and inflammatory processes). The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the contractile response to phenylephrine of thoracic/abdominal aorta and the coronary artery during aging in rats. Three groups of rats were formed and sacrificed at three distinct ages: prepubescent, young and old adult. The results suggest that there is a higher participation of prostanoids in the contractile effect of phenylephrine in pre-pubescent rats, and a lower participation of the same in old rats. Contrarily, there seems to be a higher participation of prostanoids in the contractile response of the coronary artery of older than pre-pubescent rats. Considering that the changes in the expression of COX-2 were similar for the three age groups and the two tissues tested, and that expression of COX-1 is apparently greater in older rats, COX-1 and COX-2 may lose functionality in relation to their corresponding receptors during aging in rats.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.116-123
• /
• 2005

The application of high pressure on cellular morphology, proliferation and protein expression of Jurkat cells (human T lymphocyte cell line) has been extensively investigated. In the present study, we manufactured a novel pressure chamber that modulates 5% $CO_{2}$, temperature and pressure (up to 3 ATA). Jurkat cells was incubated 2 ATA pressure and analyzed cellular morphology and growth using an electron microscopy and MTT assay. The cells showed the morphological changes in the cell surface, which appeared to cause a severe damage in cell membrane. The growth rate of the cells under 2 ATA pressure decreased as cultured time got increased. Furthermore, a long term exposure of high pressure on Jurkat cells may act as one of the important cellular stresses that leads to inducing cell death. Cellular proteomes were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis with pH 3-10 ranges of IPG Dry strips. And many proteins showed significant up-and-down expressions with hyperbaric pressure. Out of all, 10 spots were identified significantly using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of fight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. We and found that 9 protein expressions were decreased and one protein, heat shock protein HSP 60, was increased in Jurkat cells under 2 ATA. Identified proteins were related to lipid metabolism and signal transduction.

• Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.278-281
• /
• 2018

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is considered an ophthalmologic emergency. The prognosis of this disease is very poor. Currently, there is no generally effective therapy available to treat CRAO. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can increase the volume of oxygen delivered to the ischemic retinal tissue until spontaneous or assisted reperfusion occurs. We report the case of a patient who experienced sudden visual loss due to CRAO that was treated with HBOT. The patient was an 81-year-old woman who presented with CRAO in her right eye (OD). She exhibited "hand motion" visual acuity before treatment. She underwent three sessions of HBOT at a pressure of 2.8 atmospheres absolute, performed over 3 days. After 4 days in hospital, her visual acuity improved to 0.4 (OD) for far vision and 0.5 (OD) for near vision. Her vision was stable without the supply of oxygen; therefore, she was discharged.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 2018

In this paper, considering the oxygen sensitivity and preference pattern of the patient, the profile of the oxygen therapy of the individual is specified. And, we design a three-compartment, single compartment oxygen chamber that automatically adjusts the oxygen pressure according to the specified profile. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a method of providing patients with 100% oxygen higher than atmospheric pressure for therapeutic purposes. However, there is a disadvantage that the ear pain is caused by the pressure difference depending on the individual. Based on the embedded system, the proposed system creates a patient-tailored oxygen therapy profile by DB of patient's preference patterns and treatment records of oxygen therapy. If only the patient's name is entered, the oxygen chamber system can adjust the oxygen pressure automatically according to the profile pattern to maximize the oxygen treatment effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.287-292
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the pressure-resistant performance of underwater equipment, hyperbaric chamber test facility which can make the hydrostatic pressure is used. In this test, strain gage is generally applied to measure the strain of object under test is suitable for measuring a tiny deformation, but it can not measure a large deformation. Thus this paper suggests a method to estimate the over -order deformation of object under test by the image processing with the image acquired from underwater camera in the hydrostatic test. The main procedure of suggested method comprises the first step to find significant points by processing the image two dimensionally and the second step to estimate a deformation of object under test by tracking the motion of these points. If completing the remained research which is estimating the deformation and comparing it with a real one, it can be a method to measure the over -order deformation of object under test.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 1995

It has been found that various stress challenges induce the myocardial antioxidant enzymes and produce an acquisition of the cellular resistance to the ischemic injury in animal hearts. Most of the stresses, however, seem to be guite dangerous to an animal's life. In the present study, therefore, we tried to search for safely applicable stress modalities which could lead to the induction of antioxidant enzymes and the production of myocardial tolerance to the ischemia-reperfusion injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were exposed to various non-fatal stress conditions, i.e., hyperthermia (environmental temperature of $42^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, non-anesthetized animal), iramobilization (60 min), treadmill exercise (20 m/min, 30min), swimming (30 min), and hyperbaric oxyflenation (3 atm, 60 min), once a day for 5 days. The activities of myocardial antioxidant enzymes and the ischemia-reperfusion injury of isolated hearts were evaluated at 24 hr after the last application of the stresses. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), were assayed in the freshly excised ventricular tissues. The ischemia-reperfusion injury was produced by 20 min-global ischemia followed by 30 min-reperfusion using a Langendorff perfusion system. In swimming and hyperbaric oxygenation groups, the activities of SOD and G6PD increased significantly and in the hyperthermia group, the catalase activity was elevated by 63% compared to the control. The percentile recoveries of cardiac function at 30 min of the post-ischemic reperfusion were 55.4%, 73.4%, and 74.2% in swimming, the hyperbaric oxygenation and the hyperthermia groups, respectively. The values were significantly higher than that of the control (38.6%). In additions, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and lactate dehydrogenase release were significantly reduced in the stress groups. The results suggest that the antioxidant enzymes in the heart could be induced by the apparently safe in vivo-stresses and this may be involved in the myocardial protection from the ischemia-reperfusion injury.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2001

In order to test the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and $\alpha$-tocopherol on full-thickness skin grafts in rats, we peeformed full-thickness skin grafts bilaterally on rats. After surgery, we analyzed the tissue-concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)/reductase(GPr) on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28. The four groups had similar patterns of change in SOD, catalase, GPx and GPr values. SOD increased initially, and was significantly increased at day 7, returning to the preoperative activity level on day 14 (control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol). Catalase had a similar pattern of change as the SOD enzyme activity, except for the surgical control on day 2. Glutathione peroxidase/reductase activity in the four groups had a similar pat-tern of enzyme activity, with a significant increase from preoperative level on day 4, peaking during days 7 to 10, and returning to preoperative level on day 21(surgical control, HBO, and $\alpha$-tocopherol-treated alone) and 28 (HBO plus $\alpha$-tocopherol treated group). Hence, the clinical use of HBO and $\alpha$-tocopherol mixture can be recommended as an adjunctive treatment for free skin grafts in rats. But, the antioxidant used, its dose, and the timing of its administration, as well as, the exposure time and the pressure of HBO, should be the subject of further research.