• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1535-1544
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitation management practices in food manufacturing companies that supply food and food ingredients to school foodservice operations. Subjects consisted of 34 food manufacturing factories located in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas. Sanitation performance was self-evaluated using a Likert 5-point scale. The total mean score for factory sanitation performance was 4.72. Scores for perceived sanitation management performance in the factories were as follows: management of material (4.90); personal hygiene (4.78); management of work (4.71); management of workplace and vicinity (4.68); and food and raw material transportation (4.67). Participating companies that had HACCP certification programs scored high on the following sanitation inspection items: washing and sanitation guides, adequate equipment for correct hand washing, and sanitation of raw material delivery vans. The mean frequency for employee sanitation education was 2.8 times per month. Factory managers believed that their sanitation management programs kept their food safe and that the food was produced and delivered with a high degree of safety. However, they thought that food sanitation standardization was needed in order to supply high-quality and safe food items. In terms of traceability, 58.8% of the raw materials were traceable and 61.8% of the manufactured products were traceable. Sanitation management performance scores for the participating food manufacturing companies were high, although the soybean sprouts processing companies had comparatively low scores. Management reinforcement of employee sanitation education and a sense of duty and pride among factory employees will promote adequate and appropriate sanitation management performance for food safety and quality in factories that supply food and ingredients to school foodservice operations.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.410-419
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• 2018

It is urgently required to construct safety data on agricultural by-products imported for use as medium materials for domestic mushroom production. However, research on microorganisms is insufficient. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of bacteria that have the possibility of harmful effects on human, plants and mushroom in wheat straw, peatmoss, cottonseed hull, cottonseed meal, and beet pulp imported from Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Germany. Bacteria were found in the range of $1.35{\times}10^2$ to $8.34{\times}10^6CFU/g$. As a result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, total of 19 genera and 45 species of bacteria were identified. Bacillus genus was dominant, followed by Paenibacillus genus. At the species level, diverse species was in the order of Firmicute, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Regarding the agricultural by-products, straw and peat moss had more diverse bacteria than other agricultural by-products. Among the indentified bacteria, 6 species of 5 genera (Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas monteilii, Bacillus anthracis, and Cellulosimicrobium funkei) were present as potent harmful bacteria to human. Surprisingly, both the human and plant pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia was present. Bacillus altitudinis was present as a plant pathogen. Lysinibacillus sphaericus, an insect pathogen, and Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense, a mushroom pathogen, were also present. The results of this study confirmed that several kinds of pathogenic bacteria were present in the agricultural by-products for the mushroom cultivation medium imported into Korea. Our work suggests that hygiene inspection and management is urgently needed for imported agricultural by-products to be safely used for mushroom production.