Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
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Investigation of bacteria in the agricultural by-products imported for the use as media materials in mushroom cultivation

버섯재배 배지재료용 수입 농업부산물에서의 세균 조사 연구

  • Kim, Jun Young (Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biodiversity, College of Natural Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Susan (Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biodiversity, College of Natural Science, Dankook University) ;
  • Kim, Seong Hwan (Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biodiversity, College of Natural Science, Dankook University)
  • 김준영 (단국대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과 및 생물다양성연구소) ;
  • 김수산 (단국대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과 및 생물다양성연구소) ;
  • 김성환 (단국대학교 자연과학대학 미생물학과 및 생물다양성연구소)
  • Received : 2018.11.19
  • Accepted : 2018.11.29
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

It is urgently required to construct safety data on agricultural by-products imported for use as medium materials for domestic mushroom production. However, research on microorganisms is insufficient. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of bacteria that have the possibility of harmful effects on human, plants and mushroom in wheat straw, peatmoss, cottonseed hull, cottonseed meal, and beet pulp imported from Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Germany. Bacteria were found in the range of $1.35{\times}10^2$ to $8.34{\times}10^6CFU/g$. As a result of 16S rDNA sequence analysis, total of 19 genera and 45 species of bacteria were identified. Bacillus genus was dominant, followed by Paenibacillus genus. At the species level, diverse species was in the order of Firmicute, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Regarding the agricultural by-products, straw and peat moss had more diverse bacteria than other agricultural by-products. Among the indentified bacteria, 6 species of 5 genera (Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas monteilii, Bacillus anthracis, and Cellulosimicrobium funkei) were present as potent harmful bacteria to human. Surprisingly, both the human and plant pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia was present. Bacillus altitudinis was present as a plant pathogen. Lysinibacillus sphaericus, an insect pathogen, and Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense, a mushroom pathogen, were also present. The results of this study confirmed that several kinds of pathogenic bacteria were present in the agricultural by-products for the mushroom cultivation medium imported into Korea. Our work suggests that hygiene inspection and management is urgently needed for imported agricultural by-products to be safely used for mushroom production.

국내 버섯 생산용 배지재료 용도로 수입되는 밀짚, 피트모스, 비트펄프, 면실피, 면실박 등 농업부산물에 대한 안전성 자료 구축이 시급히 요구되고 있다. 그러나 미생물에 대한 조사 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 2년 동안 호주, 캐나다, 중국, 이집트, 독일, 인도, 우크라이나에서 수입한 농업 부산물인 밀짚, 피트모스, 면실박, 면실피, 비트펄프를 대상으로 인체, 식물, 버섯에 유해가능성 있는 세균의 존재 여부를 확인하기 위해 수행하였다. 조사된 수입된 농업부산물에는 $1.35{\times}10^2$에서 $8.34{\times}10^6CFU/g$ 농도 범위로 세균이 존재하였다. 세균을 분리하여 16S rDNA를 분석한 결과 총 19속 45종의 세균이 동정되었다. Basillus 속 세균이 우점으로 존재 하였고 그 다음으로 Paenibacillus 속 세균이 많이 존재하였다. 종 수준에서는 Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria 그룹에 속하는 순으로 다양성이 존재하였다. 농업부산물 별로 볼 때는 밀짚과 피트모스에서 더 다양한 속의 세균들이 존재하였다. 이 중 인체 유해성이 보고된 세균은 5속 6종으로서 Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter ludwigii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas monteilii, Bacillus anthracis, Cellulosimicrobium funkei가 존재하였다. 놀랍게도 인체병원균이면서 동시에 식물 병원균으로 보고된 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia 그리고 식물병원균 Bacillus altitudinis가 존재하였다.또한 곤충 병원성의 Lysinibacillus sphaericus와 버섯 병원성의 Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense가 존재하였다. 본 연구 결과는 국내에 수입되고 있는 버섯재배 배지용 농업부산물에 여러 종류의 잠재성 있는 병원성 세균이 존재함을 확인하였다. 이는 수입되고 있는 농업부산물이 버섯생산에 안전하게 사용되기 위해서는 위생 검사와 관리가 시급히 필요함을 시사한다.

Keywords

MSMHBQ_2018_v54n4_410_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated bacteria in this study based on the 16S rDNA sequences.

MSMHBQ_2018_v54n4_410_f0002.png 이미지

Fig. 2. Pie graph for the frequency of bacterial genus isolated from the imported agricultural by-products in 2015 to 2017.

Table 1. Bacterial concentration in the agricultural by-products imported for the use as media materials in mushroom cultivation

MSMHBQ_2018_v54n4_410_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Known properties of the identified bacteria isolated from the agricultural by-products imported in 2016 for the use as media materials in mushroom cultivation

MSMHBQ_2018_v54n4_410_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Known properties of the identified bacteria isolated from the agricultural by-products imported in 2017 for the use as media materials in mushroom cultivation

MSMHBQ_2018_v54n4_410_t0003.png 이미지

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