• KSBB Journal
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.464-468
• /
• 2000

The methanol extract of Arachis hypogaea shell showed antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract was successively purified by solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and octadecylsilane column chromatography. The purified active substances were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography, and were identified as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by LC-MS and GC-MS. The amount of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were 3.8mg and 9.8 mg per kg of shell, respectively.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.476-481
• /
• 2002

성인병 예방을 포함한 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 기능성 식품의 개발을 목적으로 본 연구에서는 flaovonoids에 속하는 ferulic acid와 p-hydroxybenzoic acid의 물리적 특성과 이들을 첨가한 머핀의 품질 특성 및 관능적 특성을 평가하였다. Ferulic acid와 p-hydroxybenzoic acid 모두 10$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 1% 이상의 용해도를 나타내었고, 이들의 수용액은 열에 안정하였다. 그러나 1% ferulic acid와 p-hydroxybenzoic acid 수용액의 색도는 가열에 의해 변화되었다. 머핀 제조시 대조군의 부피와 최고 높이 값이 가장 컸으며, 같은 종류의 flavonoid를 첨가한 시료간에는 첨가한 flavonoid의 양이 많을수록 부피가 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 같은 비율로 첨가하였을 때 p-hydroxybenzoic acid를 첨가한 머핀의 부피가 ferulic acid를 첨가한 머핀의 부피보다 작았다. 머핀의 표면과 내부의 L, a, b 값은 시료간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 머핀의 관능검사에서는 ferulic acid가 첨가된 머핀은 화학약품 냄새, 쓴맛, 후미가 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 강한 것으로 나타났으며, 향긋한 냄새, 단맛 등은 대조군에 비해 낮았다. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid가 첨가된 머핀은 외관, 냄새, 맛, 질감 특성에서 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 전체적인 선호도도 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 머핀의 첨가물로서 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.1633-1637
• /
• 2005

Driselase, Cellulase, Macerozyme R-200, Macerozyme R-10및 Sumyzyme MC 등 5종의 시판 식물세포벽분해효소가 당근의 세포벽물질(CWM)로부터 제조한 알콜불용성 잔사(AIR)와 cellulose fraction의 f-hydroxybenzoic acid 추출에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 당근AIR의 주된 페놀화합물은 P-hydroxybenzoic acid로 1,977 $\mu$g/g AIR였으며, vanillin, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde가 각각 55.9, 13.6, 10.6 $\mu$g/g AIR인 것으로 나타났다. 효소에 함유되어있는 ferulic acid의 함량은 Driselase, Cellulase, Macerozyme R-200, Macerozyme R-10, Sumyzyme MC에서 각각 2,319, 2,060, 391, 95.2, 34.1 $\mu$g/g인 것으로 나타났다. 이들 효소와 세포벽물질과의 반응을 조사한 결과, Driselase와 AIR의 반응 후 유리된 p-hydroxybenzoic acid의 함량은 56 $\mu$g/g AIR로 알칼리 (4 M NaOH) 추출한 총량의 2.8$\%$에 해당한다. 따라서 p-hydroxybenzoic acid는 AIR과 셀룰로오스 분획으로부터 이들 효소에 의해 분리되기 어려운 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 1999

A Pseudomonas sp. strain DJ-12 isolated by 4-cholrobiphenyl enrichment culture technique is capable of utilizing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as a sole source of carbon and energy. The bacterium catabolized 4-hydroxybenzoic acid through the intermediate formation of protocatechuic acid, which was further metabolized. The cell free extracts of pseudomonas sp. DJ-12, grown on 4-hydroxybenzoic acid showed higher activities of 4-hydroxyenzoate 3-hydroxylase and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase, but the activity of catechnol 2,3-dioxygenase was lower. The results suggest that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is catabolized via protocatechuic acid rather than catechol or gentisic acid in this bacterium and that the protocatechuic acid formed was metabolized through a metacleavage pathway by protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2000

Hydroxybenzoic acids are the most important intermediates in the degradative pathways of various aromatic compounds. Microorganisms catabolize aromatic compounds by converting them to hydroxylated intermediates and then cleave the benzene nucleus with ring dioxygenases. Hydroxylation of the benzene nucleus of an aromatic compound is an essential step for the initiation and subsequent disintegration of the benzene ring. The incorporation of two hydroxyl groups is essential for the labilization of the benzene nucleus. Monohydroxybenzoic acids such as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydrosybenzoic acid, opr pyrocattechuic acid that are susceptible for subsequent oxygenative cleavage of the benzene ring. These terminal aromatic intermediates are further degraded to cellular components through ortho-and/or meta-cleavage pathways and finally lead to the formation of constituents of the TCA cycle. Many groups of microorganisms have been isolated as degraders of hydroxybenzoic acids with diverse drgradative routes and specific enzymes involved in their metabolic pahtway. Various microorganisms carry out unusual non-oxidative decarboxylation of aromatic acids and convert them to respective phenols which have been documented. Futher, Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. are the most ubiquitous microorganisms, being the principal components of microflora of most soil and water enviroments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1636-1643
• /
• 2019

Two hydroxybenzoyl amines, 4-hydroxybenzoyl tyramine (4-HBT) and N-2-hydroxybenzoyl tryptamine (2-HBT), were synthesized using Escherichia coli. While 4-HBT was reported to demonstrate anti-atherosclerotic activity, 2-HBT showed anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities. We introduced genes chorismate pyruvate-lyase (ubiC), tyrosine decarboxylase (TyDC), isochorismate synthase (entC), isochorismate pyruvate lyase (pchB), and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) for each substrate, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), tyramine, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA), and tryptamine, respectively, in E. coli. Genes for CoA ligase (hbad) and amide formation (CaSHT and OsHCT) were also introduced to form hydroxybenzoic acid and amine conjugates. In addition, we engineered E. coli to provide increased substrates. These approaches led to the yield of 259.3 mg/l 4-HBT and 227.2 mg/l 2-HBT and could be applied to synthesize diverse bioactive hydroxybenzoyl amine conjugates.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2024

Background: Plant health is directly related to the change in native microbial diversity and changes in soil health have been implicated as one of the main cause of root rot. However, scarce information is present regarding allelopathic relationship of Panax notoginseng root exudates and pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum in a continuous cropping system. Methods: We analyzed P. notoginseng root exudate in the planting soil for three successive years to determine phenolic acid concentration using GC-MS and HPLC followed by effect on the microbial community assembly. Antioxidant enzymes were checked in the roots to confirm possible resistance in P. notoginseng. Results: Total 29 allelochemicals in the planting soil extract was found with highest concentration (10.54 %) of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The HPLC showing a year-by-year decrease in p-hydroxybenzoic acid content in soil of different planting years, and an increase in population of F. oxysporum. Moreover, community analysis displayed negative correlation with 2.22 mmol. L^-1 of p-hydroxybenzoic acid correspond to an 18.1 % population of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, in vitro plate assay indicates that medium dose of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2.5-5 mmol. L^-1) can stimulate the growth of F. oxysporum colonies and the production of macroconidia, as well as cell wall-degrading enzymes. We found that 2-3 mmol. L^-1 of p-hydroxybenzoic acid significantly increased the population of F. oxysporum. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study suggested that p-hydroxybenzoic acid have negative effect on the root system and modified the rhizosphere microbiome so that the host plant became more susceptible to root rot disease.

• 융합정보논문지
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 니파팜의 추출방법에 따른 성분 함량의 변화를 확인하기 위해 수행되어졌다. 니파팜을 에탄올 비율, 추출시간, 추출온도에 따라 추출 후 함량을 분석하였다. 추출용매 비율에 따른 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드의 함량은 50% 에탄올로 추출할 때 각각 36.91, 27.62 mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 추출온도 및 추출시간에 따른 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드는 60℃에서 6시간 추출 시 각각 40.83, 37.63 mg/g로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 니파팜의 주요성분을 에탄올 비율에 따라 함량을 분석한 결과 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid는 70% 에탄올에서 2.08 mg/g, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid는 30% 에탄올에서 0.10 mg/g, 3,4-hydroxybenzoic acid는 50% 에탄올에서 0.12 mg/g의 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 추출방법에 따른 니파팜에 함유된 성분의 함량 변화를 통해 식품, 화장품 등 천연물 소재 개발 시 기초 연구 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
• /
• pp.134.1-134
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and other compounds from cell wall materials(CWM) and their cellulose fraction from carrot with chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis. To investigate this effect on cell wall chemistry of carrot, alcohol insoluble residue(AIR) of CWM were prepared and were extracted sequentially with water, imidazole, CDTA(-1, -2), Na$_2$CO$_3$(-1, -2), KOH(0.5, 1.0 and 4M), to leave a residue. These were analysed for their carbohydrate and phenolic acids composition. Arabinose and galactose were the main noncellulosic sugars. Phenolics esterified to cell walls in carrot were found to consist primarily of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with minor contribution from vanillin, ferulic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid was quite strongly bound to the cell wall. The contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in 0.5M KOH, Na$_2$CO$_3$-2, IM KOH, and ${\alpha}$-cellulose were 2,097, 1,360, 1,140, and 717 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g AIR from CWM, respectively. Alkali labile unknown aromatic compound(C$\sub$7/H$\sub$10/O$_2$) was found in ${\alpha}$ -cellulose hydrolyzate digested with driselase and cellulase. This compound was also found in hydrolyzate of 2 M trifluoroacetic acid at 120$^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. Driselase treatment solubilized only 46.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid from carrot AIR. These results indicate that p-hydroxybenzoic acid was associated with neutral polysaccharides, long chain galactose and branched arabinan from graded alcohol precipitation.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1403-1408
• /
• 2000

헛개나무 어린 줄기와 잎의 열수추출물에서 얻어진 MeOH 가용 획분에 항미생물 및 항산화 활성을 보여, 이들 활성 본체를 규명하고자 활성물질을 solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, ODS column chromatography로 순차정제하고, HPLC등에 의해 두 종의 활성물질을 단리하여 LC-MS, GC-MS 분석에 의해 vanillic acid와 ferulic acid로 각각 동정하였다. 두 활성물질은 그람 양성 세균 및 그람 음성 세균 그리고 효모 등의 미생물에 항균 활성을 보였다. 또한, vanillic acid와 ferulic acid의 항산화 활성은 vanillic acid보다 ferulic acid가 강한 활성을 나타내, DPPH 자유라디칼 소거능을 나타내는 농도는 ferulic acid가 $14\;{\mu}g/mL(SC_{50})$을, 그리고 vanillic acid가 $8\;{\mu}g/mL(SC_{10})$이었다.