• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.259-272
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• 1999

In order to enhance the selectivity, productivity and yield of methyl fructoside, which was synthesized by enzymatic glycosylation of sucrose and methanol solution, controlling of surface property of solid support using different immobilization procedures optimized microenvironment of immobilized invertase. Silanization and polyethylene imine coating methods were adopted to give a hydrophobic and hydrophilic environment of immobilized invertase. As a result, polyethyleneimine coating method gave higher loading of enzyme, effective activity, and relative activity than silanization method, because it brought on increasing the functional density of amino group and enhancing the conservation of activity by regulating of hydrophilicity. And then, hydrophilic environment was possible to restraint the assessing of methyl fructoside molecule, which was more hydrophobic than sucrose, fructose, and glucose molecule in the reaction mixture, into .the active site of immobilizedinvertase. Consequently, hydrophilic microenvironment of immobilized invertase by polyethyleneimine coating obtained higher yield and productivity with increasing conversion than silanized and native invertase. Thus, this procedure optimized the microenvironment of immobilized invertase suitable for the enzymatic synthesis of methyl fructoside.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2005

Atmospheric low-temperature plasma was produced using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plate-type plasma reactor and high frequency of 13.56 Hz. The surfaces of polyimide films for insulating and packaging materials were treated by the atmospheric low-temperature plasma. The contact angle of 67$^{\circ}$ was observed before the plasma treatment. The contact angle was decreased with deceasing the velocity of plasma treatment. In case of oxygen content of 0.2 %, electrode gap of 2 mm, the velocity of plasma treatment of 20 mm/sec, and input power of 400 W, the minimum contact angle of 13$^{\circ}$ was observed. The chemical characteristics of polyimide film after the plama treatment were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and new carboxyl group bond was observed. The surfaces of polyimide films were changed into hydrophilic by the atmospheric low-temperature plasma. The polyimide films having hydrophilic surface will be very useful as a packaging and insulating materials in electronic devices.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.430-434
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• 2004

The values of fracture energy and mechanical flexural strength of Fiber Reinforced Cement (FRC) with polypropylene (PP) fiber modified by Ion Assisted Reaction (JAR), by which functional groups were grafted on the surface of PP fiber, was improved about 2 times as those of fracture energy and flexural strength of cement reinforced by untreated PP fiber. PP fiber was irradiated in O$_2$ environment by Ar$\^$+/ ion. The contact angle of PP treated by IAR decreased largely when compared with untreated PP. From this result, we expected that surface energy and interfacial adhesion force of treated PP fiber increased. The strain hardening occurred in the strain-stress curve of FRC including PP treated by IAR when compared with that of FRC with untreated PP. These enhanced mechanical properties might be due to strong interaction between hydrophilic group on modified PP fiber and hydroxyl group in cement matrix. This hydrophilic group on surface modified PP fiber was confirmed by XPS analysis. We clearly observed hydration products that were fixed at modified PP fiber due to the strong adhesion force of interface in cement reinforced modified PP by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) study.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.461-464
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• 1997

In this paper, the response characteristics for organic vapors has been studied using both itaconate copolymer and maleate copolymer, which have different hydrophilic group and same hydrophilic group. The conductivity of sensitive LB films was decreased in the range of 18 layers and maintained over 30 layers, which can describe the behaviors of urganic vapors such as penetration and surface absorption. It was thought that the organic vapors was penetrated into sensitive 13 films below 18 layer and the electrode was covered with sensitive LB film over 30 layers.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2019

Non-aqueous solvents (NASs) are generally known to be barely miscible, and reactive with polar compounds, such as water. However, water can interact with some NASs, which can be used as a new means for water recovery from saline water. This study explored the fate of water and salt in NAS, when saline water is mixed with NAS. Three amine solvents were selected as NAS. They had the same molecular formula, but were differentiated by their molecular structures, as follows: 1) NAS 'A' having the hydrophilic group ($NH_2$) at the end of the straight carbon chain, 2) NAS 'B' with symmetrical structure and having the hydrophilic group (NH) at the middle of the straight carbon chain, 3) NAS 'C' having the hydrophilic group ($NH_2$) at the end of the straight carbon chain but possessing a hydrophobic ethyl branch in the middle of the structure. In batch experiments, 0.5 M NaCl water was blended with NASs, and then water and salt content in the NAS were individually measured. Water absorption efficiencies by NAS 'B' and 'C' were 3.8 and 10.7%, respectively. However, salt rejection efficiency was 98.9% and 58.2%, respectively. NAS 'A' exhibited a higher water absorption efficiency of 35.6%, despite a worse salt rejection efficiency of 24.7%. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation showed the different interactions of water and salts with each NAS. NAS 'A' formed lattice structured clusters, with the hydrophilic group located outside, and captured a large numbers of water molecules, together with salt ions, inside the cluster pockets. NAS 'B' formed a planar-shaped cluster, where only some water molecules, but no salt ions, migrated to the NAS cluster. NAS 'C', with an ethyl group branch, formed a cluster shaped similarly to that of 'B'; however, the boundary surface of the cluster looked higher than that of 'C', due to the branch structure in solvent. The MD simulation was helpful for understanding the experimental results for water absorption and salt rejection, by demonstrating the various interactions between water molecules and the salts, with the different NAS types.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1992

The synthesis and solution properties of polyglycerol alkyl ether($R_{12}Gn$) are described. The phase behavior, surface tension, cloud point and HLB value of polyglycerol dodecyl ether in aqueous solution and in mixed solution of surfactant /water /oil have been investigated and compared with values of polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether. The surface tension showed that $R_{12}Gn$ have sufficiently low values of surface tension and cmc to serve as useful polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. The mesophases appearing in the $R_{12}Gn$ systems were more stable in a high temperature range than the mesophases of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether systems. The cloud point and HLB data indicated that addition of one glycerol group was equivalent to the addition of three oxyethylene group units, as far as the hydrophilic property was concerned. The phase diagrams of the polyglycerol alkyl ether /dodecane /water systems showed that the solubilizing and emulsifying powers of $R_{12}Gn$ were greater than those of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. It is concluded that the polyglycerol chain can be even more useful as hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants than the polyoxyethylene chain.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2015

방향족 친핵성 치환반응을 이용하여 멀티블록형 sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)(SPAES) 공중합체를 합성하였다. 서로 다른 말단(F- 또는 OH-말단)을 가지는 친수성 및 소수성 올리고머를 합성한 후 이를 이용하여 고분자 전해질 막을 합성하였다. 각기 다른 말단이 블록공중합체의 분자량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 서로 다른 친수성구조가 블록고분자의 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 합성된 멀티블록고분자는 70%이상의 습도에서 나피온 막과 비슷하거나 우수한 이온전도도를 나타내었고, 특히 SPAES 9의 경우 전습도 영역에서 SPAES 10보다 높은 이온전도도를 보였는데, 이는 친수성 블록내의 술폰산기의 부분 농도가 높아짐에 따라 친수성-소수성 간의 상분리가 발달되어 이온전도도가 향상된 것으로 보인다.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2018

Preliminary study was perfomed to develop a biocompatible filter material using radiation energy. Electrosppined PLLA nano sheets were surface-modificated with hydrophilic groups(acrylic group) by using radiation. The physico-chemical and morphological characteristics of modified PLLA sheets were measured by ATR, SEM, contact angle, and hydrophilic (acryl group) introduction rate (TBO). As a result, there was no morphological(fiber structure) structure change due to radiation, and it was confirmed that an acrylic group was successfully introduced onto PLLA fiber sheet by radiation.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 고분자 소재 중 하나인 폴리(에틸렌 테레프탈레이트)(poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET) 필름의 표면을 친수성으로 개질하기 위하여 기상 불소화 및 초음파 수세를 실시하였다. 표면 처리된 PET 필름의 표면 특성은 접촉각, 표면 자유에너지, 주사전자 현미경(FE-SEM), 원자간력 현미경(AFM), X선 광전자분석법(XPS)을 통하여 분석하였다. 직접 불소화 및 초음파 수세 처리된 PET 필름의 물 접촉각은 $10.8^{\circ}$으로 미처리된 PET에 비하여 85% 감소하였고, 총 표면 자유에너지는 $42.25mNm^{-1}$으로 미처리된 PET에 비하여 650% 증가하였다. 또한 RMS(root mean square) 거칠기는 1.965 nm로 미처리된 PET 필름에 비하여 348% 증가하였으며, 친수성 관능기인 C-OH 결합의 농도는 약 3배 가까이 증가하였다. 이는 직접 불소화 및 초음파 수세 처리된 PET 필름 표면에 형성된 친수성 관능기와 공동화 현상에 의한 화학적 식각 반응에서 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 이 결과로부터, 기상 불소화 및 초음파 수세 처리법은 PET 필름 표면을 친수성으로 쉽게 개질할 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2007

배경: 체외순환으로 발생하는 전신성 염증반응을 줄이기 위해 체외순환 회로의 표면에 초친수성 표면개질을 시행한 후 혈장 단백의 흡착 및 혈소판의 변화를 관찰하였다 대상 및 방법: 60kg 내외의 돼지 10마리를 대상으로 하였다. 체외순환은 좌심방과 상행대동맥에 캐눌라를 거치하여 원심성 바이오펌프를 이용해 2시간 동안 정상체온 하에서 시행하였다. 이때 실험군(n=5)에서는 체외순환회로에 초친수성 표면처리를 하였으며 대조군(n=5)에서는 상용화된 일반적인 튜빙을 사용하였다. 체외순환에 따른 염증반응의 정도를 비교하기 위하여 혈소판 수 및 응집능 검사, 트롬빈-안티트롬빈 복합체 검사, 그리고 혈액 내 총 단백량을 측정하였다. 결과: 양 군에서 모두 혈소판의 수 및 응집능 기능검사에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며 또한 트롬빈-안티트롬빈 복합체의 농도에서도 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 총 단백량의 측정에서는 체외순환 후 대조군에서 실험군에 비해 유의하게 감소되었다. 결론: 초친수성 표면처리는 체외순환 시 혈장 단백의 표면흡착에 따른 혈장 단백의 감소를 줄일 수 있었으나 이로 인한 염증반응의 감소효과는 관찰할 수 없었다.