• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2022

In this study, newly improved Ferron assay test haved on timed spectrometry was used for the determination of hyolrolytic Al species presented in PACl coagulant. The color development reagent ferron was prepared by using conventional method and two newly developed methods. Then the ferron assay test was used to compare and analyze the distribution of Al(III) hydrolyzed species presented in the prepared PACl and alum. The preparing method of reagent A required an aging period of 7 days by adding a hydroxylamine hydroxide and a 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate reagent, whereas the preparing method of reagent B was used as a coloring agent immediately without aging time. The regression analysis between UV absorbance and Al concentrations of conventional method and newly developed method of ferron reagents in low-concentration aluminum solutions and high-concentration aluminum solutions, showed the correlation coefficients of 0.999 or higher, as showing high correlations of conventional method and newly developed method. Applying Ferron assay test, Al species in the PACls and alum were classified as Ala(monomeric Al), Alb (polymeric Al), and Alc (colloidal and precipitated Al). Distribution of Al(III) hydrolyzed species according to the preparation of ferron colorimetric reagents was similar.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2006

응집공정에서 교반조건과 응집제 주입농도에 따른 알루미늄 가수분해종 변화에 대한 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수가 있었다. 알루미늄 표준용액을 이용하여 모노머성 알루미늄과 페론 반응을 살펴본 결과 반응초기에 급격한 반응률을 보이며 반응시간 3분 정도에 평형에 도달함을 알 수 있었다. 순수의 경우 교반시간에 따른 영향은 거의 나타나지 않고 있으며 거의 일정한 반응률을 보이고 있었다. 상수원수의 경우 입자상 물질과 유기물의 존재함에 따라 응집제 주입시 수중에서 형성되는 알루미늄 가수분해종이 입자상 물질 및 유기물과 우선적으로 반응하기 때문에 형성되는 알루미늄 가수분해 종에 대한 반응률이 교반시간에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 페론과 반응율이 빠르게 일어나나 일정한 시간이 경과한 후에 반응율을 살펴보면 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 반응이 느리게 나타났다. 순수의 경우 교반시간에 따른 Ka 값은 교반시간이 증가할수록 Ka 값은 감소함을 알 수 있으며 응집제 주입량의 영향은 크게 나타나지 않고 있다. 그러나 Kb의 경우 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 반응속도 상수값이 낮아지는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 마찬가지로 교반시간이 증가할수록 Kb 값은 감소함을 알 수 있다. 상수원수를 사용한 경우 순수와 마찬가지로 교반시간에 따른 Ka, Kb값 은 교반시간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 그러나 응집제 주입량이 증가할수록 Ka 값은 감소하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.958-967
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• 2006

The overall objective of this research was to find out the role of rapid mixing conditions in the species of hydrolyzed Al(III) formed by Al(III) coagulants and to evaluate the distribution of hydrolyzed Al(III) species by coagulant dose and coagulation pH. When an Al(III) salt was added to water, monomers, polymers and solid precipitates may form. Different Al(III) coagulants (alum and PSOM) show to have different Al(III) species distribution over a rapid mixing condition. During the rapid mixing period, for alum, formation of dissolved AI(III) (monomer and polymer) increases, but for PSOM, precipitates of $Al(OH)_{3(S)}$ increases rapidly. During the rapid mixing period, for high coagulant dose, Al-ferron reaction increases rapidly. The kinetic constants, Ka and Kb, derived from AI-ferron reaction. The kinetic constants followed very well the defined tendencies for coagulation condition. For pure water, when the rapid mixing time increased, the kinetic constants, Ka and Kb showed lower values. Also, for raw water, when the rapid mixing time increased, the kinetic constants, Ka and Kb showed lower values. At A/D(Adsorption and Destabilization) and sweep condition, both $Al(OH)_{3(S)}$ and dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) exist, concurrent reactions by both mechanism appear to cause simultaneous precipitation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2004

The overall objective of this research was to find out the role of rapid mixing conditions in the species of hydrolyzed Al(III) formed by different Al(III) coagulants. When an Al(III) salt is added to water, monomers, polymers, or solid precipitates may form. Different Al(III) coagulants (alum and PACl) show to have different Al species distribution over a rapid mixing condition. During the rapid mixing period, for alum, formation of dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) increases, but for PACl, precipitates of $Al(OH)_{3(s)}$. increases rapidly. Also, for alum, higher mixing speed favoured Al(III) polymers formation over precipitates of $Al(OH)_{3(s)}$ but for PACl, higher mixing speed formed more precipitates of $Al(OH)_{3(s)}$. At A/D and sweep condition, both $Al(OH)_{3(s)}$ and dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) exist, concurrent reactions by both mechanism appear to cause simultaneous precipitation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.559-571
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• 2006

The overall objective of this research was to find out the interrelation of coagulant and organic matter during rapid mixing process and to identify the change of organic matter by mixing condition and to evaluate the effect of coagulation pH. During the coagulation, substantial changes in dissolved organics must be occurred by coagulation due to the simultaneous formation of microflocs and NOM precipitates. Increase in the organic removal efficiency should be mainly caused by the removal of microflocs formed during coagulant injection. That is, during the mixing period, substantial amount of dissolved organics were transformed into microflocs due to the simultaneous formation of microflocs and NOM precipitates. The results also showed that 40 to 80% of dissolved organic matter was converted into particulate material after rapid mixing process of coagulation. During the rapid mixing period, for purewater, formation of dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) constant by rapid mixing condition, but for raw water, the species of Al hydrolysis showed different result. During the rapid mixing period, for high coagulant dose, Al-ferron reaction increases rapidly. At A/D(Adsorption and Destabilization) and sweep condition, both $Al(OH)_3(s)$ and dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) exist, concurrent reactions by both mechanism appear to cause simultaneous precipitation.