• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.936-941
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• 2006

To prevent human body injury from oxidative stress, antioxidants are very important and many research about antioxidants are generally being conducted. Hydrogen peroxide$(H_20_2)$ that is one of vitality oxygen species has been seen that cause various diseases, DNA damage and gene change. We have already known that the inhibition effect of Zizania latifolia Radix, Rhizoma on apoptosis induced by $H_2O_2$ in Neuro2A cell. And the purpose of this study was that we made a comparative study on the inhibition effect of apoptosis in Neuro2A cell on the region of Zizania latifolia(Radix, Rhizoma, Herba). Neuro2A cells were cultivated in RPMI(GibcoBRL) with 5% FBS and treated with $H_2O_2$ and Zizania latifolia(Radix, Rhizoma, Herba). Separately we measured the cell viability and analyzed DNA fragmentation. Activity of PARP, Cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3, p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 in the cell was examined by using western blot. The results obtained were as Follows: The cell viability in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment (60ug/m1<) decreased significantly compared with that of none treatment(p<0.001). Zizania latifolia Radix increased cell viability was most effective of three regions. But we had no significant difference among three regions. All of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) increased cell viability about twice as much as that being injury by $H_2O_2$,(Zizania Latifolia (Radix, nhizoma, Herba) 20ug/m1, $H_2O_2$ 200uM, p<0.001). DNA fragmentation developed by $H_2O_2$, but was not developed in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment. PARP, Cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activated all by $H_2O_2$ but were not activated in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment. P53, P2l and Bax activated by $H_2O_2$, and Bcl-2 got into inactivation. But the opposite results appeared in all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) inhibit the development of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis by $H_2O_2$and the antioridant action of all of Zizania latifolia (Radix, Rhizoma, Herba) is effective.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.131-141
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effect of invasive laser acupuncture treatment at Liver Brook (LR2) acupoint and Liver Sea (LR8) acupoint on liver damage induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in rats Methods : Liver damage was induced by D-GalN. The experimental rats were divided into two groups (control group, Low Level Laser Treatment (LLLT) group). Control groups were classified into small groups. Intact group had no liver damage and no treatment. D-GalN group was induced liver damage induced by D-GalN and not treated. LLLT group were induced liver damage induced by D-GalN and then treated at the LR2 or LR8 acupoint with 532, 658, 904 nm invasive laser acupuncture. The treatment was carried out three days at a time for 15days at both acupoints. To examine mechanism of the effect of invasive laser acupuncture, we measured the contents of ASP, ALT, ALP, TBIL in serum, CBC in blood and SOD in liver tissue. Results : The change of body weight increased in all groups. That change was AST and ALP, the AST activity decreased significantly compared with the control groups and decreased by 532 nm and 904 nm both LLLT groups. But ALP increased at LR8 acupoint by 658 nm. TBIL level significantly decreased in all LLLT groups. The SOD of LLLT groups increased in the liver tissue of rats compared to the control groups. SOD activity indicated that LLLT can help cellular defense mechanism by preventing scavenging hydrogen peroxide. In the change of WBC, it was increased in D-GalN Control group compared to intact group and LLLT groups. Conclusions : These results suggested that invasive laser acupuncture treatment at LR2 or LR8 acupoint reduced activation of hepatic enzyme and damage of liver tissue. Thus, the effect of invasive laser acupuncture was nearly identical to the way of the traditional acupuncture for the treatment of hepatocytotoxicity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2009

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute the first line of cellular defense against oxidative stress in plants. SODs generally occur in three different forms with Cu/Zn, Fe, or Mn as prosthetic metals. We cloned the full-length cDNA of the Thellungiella halophila Cu/Zn-SOD gene ThCSD using degenerate RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Sequence analysis indicated that the ThCSD gene (GenBank accession number EF405867) had an open reading frame of 456 bp. The deduced 152-amino acid polypeptide had a predicted molecular weight of 15.1 kDa, an estimated pI of 5.4, and a putative Cu/Zn-binding site. Recombinant ThCSD protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and assayed for SOD enzymatic activity in a native polyacrylamide gel. The SOD activity of ThCSD was inactivated by potassium cyanide and hydrogen peroxide but not by sodium azide, confirming that ThCSD is a Cu/Zn-SOD. Northern blotting demonstrated that ThCSD is expressed in roots, stems, and leaves. ThCSD mRNA levels increased by about 30-fold when plants were treated with sodium chloride (NaCl), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-acetic acid (IAA) and by about 50-fold when treated with UVB light. These results indicate that ThCSD is involved in physiological pathways activated by a variety of environmental conditions.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2009

Our previous study suggested that OsBWMK1, a gene which encodes a member of the rice MAP kinase family, generates transcript variants which show distinct expression patterns in response to environmental stresses. The transcript variants are generated by alternative splicing and by use of alternative promoters. To test whether the two alternative promoters, pOsBWMK1L (promoter for the OsBWMK1L splice variant) and pOsBWMK1S (promoter for the OsBWMK1S splice variant), are biologically functional, we analyzed transgenic plants expressing GUS fusion constructs for each promoter. Both pOsBWMK1L and pOsBWMK1S are biologically active, although the activity of pOsBWMK1S is lower than that of pOsBWMK1L. Histochemical analysis revealed that pOsBWMK1L is constitutively active in most tissues at various developmental stages in rice and Arabidopsis, whereas pOsBWMK1S activity is spatially and temporally restricted. Furthermore, the expression of pOsBWMK1S::GUS was upregulated in response to hydrogen peroxide, a plant defense signaling molecule, in both plant species. These results suggest that the differential expression of OsBWMK1 splice variants is the result of alternative promoter usage and, moreover, that the mechanisms controlling OsBWMK1 gene expression are conserved in both monocot and dicot plants.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.639-647
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• 1998

Al-containing titanium silicalite-1 ([Al]-TS-1) catalyst was prepared hydrothermally, and the effects of synthesis parameters such as silica/alumina sources, $SiO_2/TiO_2$ ratio, and aging treatment were investigated. The structure, crystal size, and shape were examined by XRD and SEM, and the extent of titanium incorporation into the zeolite framework was examined using UV-vis DRS spectroscopy. For [Al]-TS-1 catalyst preparation, aging of ca. 24h was essential, and the faster crystallization rates were achieved with Cab-O-Sil than with Ludox or TEOS as a silica source. In addition, the higher crystallinity and faster crystallization rate were obtained using sodium aluminate as an aluminum source. 2-butanol oxidation using $H_2O_2$ as an oxidant was carried out to confirm the redox property of the [Al]-TS-1. Acid sites catalyzed toluene alkylation study indicated that lattice titanium species in [Al]-TS-1 weakened the acid strength, and the para-ethyltoluene selectivity was enhanced as a results.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.311-316
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• 1987

The present paper was carried out to investigate the effects of active oxygen radicals on the DNA damage by linoleic acid peroxidation by using active oxygen scavengers in a linoleic acid-DNA system. DNA was greatly damaged by linoleic acid peroxidation, and the DNA damage was inhibited by the addition of active oxygen scavengers. Among active oxygen scavengers tested, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and superoxide dismutase greatly inhibited the DNA damage, but catalase and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane didn't show such effects. Accordingly, singlet oxygen and superoxide anion greatly affected to the DNA damage occurring during linoleic acid peroxidation, and hydrogen peroxide was shown to participate in DNA damage in the early stage of peroxidation. And, the DNA damage by active oxygen radicals was mainly induced in the early stage of linoleic acid peroxidation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2014

The physiological characteristics of kiwi (Actinidia delicosa) fruit were analyzed, which inclued its nutritional composition, in vitro-antioxidant activities, and neuronal cell protective effects. The most abundant components of mineral, amino acid, and fatty acid were found to be potassium (K), glutamic acid, and a-linolenic acid, respectively. The major free sugars were fructose, glucose, and sucrose. In addition, ${\beta}$-carotene and vitamin C contents were $1.35{\mu}g/100mL$ and 29.21 mg/100 g, respectively. The 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenothiazline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity of the n-hexane fraction obtained from the kiwi extract was 10.52% at a concentration of $1000{\mu}g/mL$. The malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition of the n-hexane fraction was found to increased in a dose-dependent manner. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation after hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) treatment of PC12 cells was significantly reduced in the presence of the n-hexane fraction compared to PC12 cells treated with $H_2O_2$ only. Moreover, in the a MTT assay, the n-hexane fraction showed in vitro-protective effects against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2019

The use of stem cells in cell-based therapy has attracted extensive interest in the field of regenerative medicine, and it has been applied to numerous incurable diseases due to the inherent abilities of self-renewal and differentiation. However, there still exist some severe obstacles, such as requirement of cell expansion before the treatment, and low survival at the treated site. To overcome these disadvantages of stem cells, we used the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM 6) gene, which functions to increase cell-cell interaction as well as anti-apoptosis. We first confirmed whether CEACAM 6 is expressed in various cell lines at the protein level (including in stem cells), followed by evaluating and selecting the optimal transfection conditions into stem cells. The CEACAM 6 gene was transfected into stem cells to prolong cell survival and preserve from damage by oxidative stress. After confirming the CEACAM 6 expression in transfected stem cells, the cell survival was assessed under oxidative condition by exposing to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to mimic the chronic environment-induced cellular damage. CEACAM 6 expressing stem cells show increased cell viability compared to the non-CEACAM 6 expressing cells. We propose that the application of the CEACAM 6 gene is a potential option, capable of expanding and enhancing the therapeutic effects of stem cells.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-184
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• 2016

Background: This study investigated the effect of remifentanil pretreatment on Cos-7 cells exposed to oxidative stress, and the influence of remifentanil on intracellular autophagy and apoptotic cell death. Methods: Cells were divided into 4 groups: (1) Control: non-pretreated cells were incubated in normoxia (5% $CO_2$, 21% $O_2$, and 74% $N_2$). (2) $H_2O_2$: non-pretreated cells were exposed to $H_2O_2$ for 24 h. (3) RPC+$H_2O_2$: cells pretreated with remifentanil were exposed to $H_2O_2$ for 24 h. (4) 3-MA+RPC+$H_2O_2$: cells pretreated with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and remifentanil were exposed to $H_2O_2$ for 24 h. We determined the cell viability of each group using an MTT assay. Hoechst staining and FACS analysis of Cos-7 cells were performed to observe the effect of remifentanil on apoptosis. Autophagy activation was determined by fluorescence microscopy, MDC staining, and AO staining. The expression of autophagy-related proteins was observed using western blotting. Results: Remifentanil pretreatment increased the viability of Cos-7 cells exposed to oxidative stress. Hoechst staining and FACS analysis revealed that oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis was suppressed by the pretreatment. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy showed that remifentanil pretreatment led to autophagy-induction in Cos-7 cells, and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was increased in the RPC+$H_2O_2$ group. Conclusions: The study showed that remifentanil pretreatment stimulated autophagy and increased viability in an oxidative stress model of Cos-7 cells. Therefore, we suggest that apoptosis was activated upon oxidative stress, and remifentanil preconditioning increased the survival rate of the cells by activating autophagy.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of several chemical treatments to prevent photodegradation of wood veneer by external UV (Ultraviolet) light. Of woods, walnut veneer is selected as a raw material for this study since it is known as a luxurious wood with dark color giving an esthetic effect. Alcohol-benzene, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution were used for investigate the effect on color stabilization. Despite the removal of the extractive compounds, which is known as a discoloration component, a significant color change of walnut wood veneer was observed. Meanwhile, the veneers treated by 20 and 30% $H_2O_2$ solution at $75^{\circ}C$ for 1 h also showed the no positive effect of color stability exposed to UV light although they have a bleaching effect on wood veneer. Besides, it was difficult to maintain the original color of walnut veneer due to the elution of the extractive compounds. On the other hands, the veneer treated by NaClO solution indicated the good performance on color stability despite of the intensive UV light test. However, when the concentration exceeds 3%, surface roughness and fiber damage occurred simultaneously. Therefore, the walnut species should be treated with proper concentration when sodium hypochlorite is applied to the veneer.