• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.537-556
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• 2005

A primary-pipe rupture accident is one of the design-basis accidents of a High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR). When the primary-pipe rupture accident occurs, air is expected to enter the reactor core from the breach and oxidize in-core graphite structures. This paper describes an experiment and analysis of the air ingress phenomena and the method fur the prevention of air ingress into the reactor during the primary-pipe rupture accident. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones regarding the density of the gas mixture, the concentration of each gas species produced by the graphite oxidation reaction and the onset time of the natural circulation of air. A hydrogen production system connected to the High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) Is being designed to be able to produce hydrogen by themo-chemical iodine-Sulfur process, using a nuclear heat of 10 MW supplied by the HTTR. The HTTR hydrogen production system is first connected to a nuclear reactor in the world; hence a permeation test of hydrogen isotopes through heat exchanger is carried out to obtain detailed data for safety review and development of analytical codes. This paper also describes an overview of the hydrogen permeation test and permeability of hydrogen and deuterium of Hastelloy XR.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2022

Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers and has high energy efficiency relative to mass. It is an eco-friendly fuel that makes only water (H₂O) as a by-product after use. In order to use hydrogen conveniently and safely, development of production, storage and transfer technologies is required and attempts are being made to apply hydrogen as an energy source in various fields through the development of the technology. For transporting and storing hydrogen include high-pressure hydrogen gas storage, a type of storage technologies consist of cryogenic hydrogen liquid storage, hydrogen storage alloy, chemical storage by adsorbents and high-pressure hydrogen storage containers have been developed in a total of four stages. The biggest issue in charging high-pressure hydrogen gas which is a combustible gas is safety and the backfire prevention device is that prevents external flames from entering the tank and prevents explosion and is essential to use hydrogen safely. This study conducted a numerical analysis to analyze the performance of suppressing flame propagation of 2, 3 inch flame arrestor. As a result, it is determined that, where the flame arrestor is attached, the temperature would be lowered below the temperature of spontaneous combustion of hydrogen to suppress flame propagation.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 Steam Reforming수소 제조설비에 대한 안전성 평가를 수행하여 설비의 위험성을 체계적으로 검토하였다 안전성 평가 방법으로는 정성적 안전성 기법인 Hazard & Operability Analysis와 Failure Mode & Effect Analysis를 사용하였다. HAZOP을 통하여 수소 제조설비의 flow, pressure, temperature 등의 주요 parameter들에 대하여 의미 있는 guide word를 적용하여 비정상 상태(deviation)를 만들어 단계별로 공정상의 인간 실수나 잘못된 운전 등의 잠재 위험을 분석하였다. FMEA를 이용하여 설비 내 장치의 파손 및 기능 실패 등 주로 부품의 불량이나 고장 등에 대한 분석을 하여 그에 따른 영향 및 대처방안을 제시하였고, RPN값 계산을 통하여 상대적 위험순위를 결정하여 보았다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2024

The purpose is to evaluate evacuation safety by simulating the toxic effects of hydrogen fluoride leaks in areas surrounding national industrial complexes and to suggest alternatives for areas that do not satisfy evacuation safety. For human casualties caused by hydrogen fluoride leakage accidents, Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) is calculated by the toxic effects quantified with the Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA), an off-site consequence assessment program. The Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) is calculated through Pathfinder, an evacuation simulation program. Evacuation safety is assessed by comparing ASET and RSET. The ALOHA program was used to evaluate the time to reach AEGL-2 concentration in 12 scenarios. The Pathfinder program was used to assess the total evacuation time of the high school among specific fire-fighting objects. Of the 12 accident scenarios, ASET was larger than RSET in the worst-case scenarios 1 and 9. For the remaining 10 accident scenarios, the ASET is smaller than the RSET, so we found that evacuation safety is not guaranteed, and countermeasures are required. Since evacuation safety is not satisfactory, we proposed to set up an evacuation area equipped with positive pressure equipment and air respirators inside specific fire-fighting objects such as the high school.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.810-818
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• 2011

This paper analyzed the suitability about the isolation performance criteria which was based on human impedance and effect of current in IEC 60479-1 on the safety of human being was examined. The method of evaluation by megger and DC voltmeter was analyzed. The differences of isolation performance according to design of high-voltage system were analyzed. The factors which affect the insulation performance were analyzed for HFCV, EV, HEV, etc. through analysis of the isolation performance evaluation method. Finally, design for improved isolation performance was proposed.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2024

This study analyzed cases of hydrogen (H₂) and natural gas (CH₄) leakage from a hydrogen-blended natural gas pipeline to determine a range of leakage characteristics, including leakage type, pipe material, pipe diameter, pressure, and damage size. Based on the results of this analysis, five hydrogen-blended natural gas leakage scenarios were selected. The national vision for a carbon-neutral society by 2050 is a very important strategic objective and promotes environmentally sustainable economic development in the age of the climate crisis. Accordingly, zero-carbon and low-carbon policies are being promoted in various fields, including energy production, consumption, and industrial processes. Hydrogen-blended natural gas is eco-friendly and is considered an important step towards carbon neutrality, with various countries including the United States and several European countries conducting empirical research to further investigate its potential. In Korea, a national research project commenced in April 2023 to verify and demonstrate the life cycle safety of blending hydrogen into the natural gas network. The results of this study will provide important data for the analysis of the damage impacts caused by the leakage of hydrogen-blended natural gas, such as the diffusion of gas clouds, fires, and gas explosions.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

본 연구는 국제공동 연구로 만들어진 HyKoRAM 프로그램을 이용하여 위험성평가를 진행하였다. 수소충전소 내 압축기, 저장탱크, 수소 배관 등 주요 시설 및 구성품의 설계 사양, 실증 단지 주변의 환경 조건 등을 반영한 대안의 사고 시나리오와 시설에서 발생할 수 있는 최악의 시나리오에 기반하여 위험성 평가를 실시하였다. 수소충전소의 잠재 위험을 확인하여 수소 저장 탱크, 처리 시설, 저장 시설 등에서 발생 가능한 최악의 누출, 화재, 폭발, 사고 시나리오를 도출하고, 사고 발생 가능성과 인체, 주변 시설 피해 영향 분석을 하여 안전성을 검토하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.3194-3201
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• 2023

In water-cooled power reactor, hydrogen is generated in case of steam zirconium reaction during severe accident condition and later on in addition to hydrogen; CO is also generated during molten corium concrete interaction after reactor pressure vessel failure. Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners (PARs) are provided in the containment for hydrogen management. The performance of the PARs in presence of hydrogen and carbon monoxide along with air has been evaluated. Depending on the conditions, CO may either react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2) or act as catalyst poison, reducing the catalyst activity and hence the hydrogen conversion efficiency. CFD analysis has been carried out to determine the effect of CO on catalyst plate temperature for 2 & 4% v/v H₂ and 1-4% v/v CO with air at the recombiner inlet for a reported experiment. The results of CFD simulations have been compared with the reported experimental data for the model validation. The reaction at the recombiner plate is modelled based on diffusion theory. The developed CFD model has been used to predict the maximum catalyst temperature and outlet species concentration for different inlet velocity and temperatures of the mixture gas. The obtained results were used to fit a correlation for obtaining removal rate of carbon monoxide inside PAR as a function of inlet velocity and concentrations.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

최근 수소충전소 수요 증가에 따라, 산업통상자원부는 LPG, CNG, 주유소 등 기존의 자동차용 연료공급시설 내에 융합, 복합의 형태로 수소충전소 설치가 가능하도록 특례고시를 제정·공포하였다. 수소 융복합충전소는 특례기준 제정 이전까지 국내에서 운영된 사례가 없어, 4계절, 일교차와 같은 환경특성을 감안한 실증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는, 국내 최초로 실증을 위해 설치된 울산 LPG-수소복합충전소의 충전데이터를 수집하여 분석하였다. 충전데이터는 압축기, 저장용기, 디스펜서에서 발생한 시간별 온도, 압력 데이터이며, 계절별 특성을 비교하기 위해 2018년 7월 중 울산 지역의 최고기온 일과 2018년 1월 중 최저기온 일을 포함하여 4계절 충전데이터를 수집하여 비교하였다. 비교결과, 외기온도의 변화가 수소차 차량용기의 초기온도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 최종적으로 차량의 충전시간과 충전속도에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 국내 수소충전소 기준(KGS FP217)과 미국의 충전프로토콜(SAE J2601)에서 제시한 한계온도를 초과한 경우는 없어 차량용기에 대한 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 70MPa의 충전압력을 갖는 110L 수소연료 저장탱크에 대한 강도안전성을 FEM으로 해석하였다. 6061-T6 알루미늄 라이너의 외벽면에는 Toray의 T800-24K와 T700-12K, 그리고 Mitsubishi Ray의 MR60H-24P 탄소섬유를 사용하여 와인딩한 복합소재 연료탱크의 강도안전성을 미국의 DOT-CFFC와 KS의 안전규격으로 고찰하였다. 70MPa용 수소가스탱크의 응력강도에 대한 FEM 해석결과에 의하면, 거의 유사한 소재특성을 갖는 Toray의 T800-24K와 Mitsubishi Ray의 MR60H-24P는 70MPa의 수소연료 저장탱크를 제조하는데 사용해도 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 반면에, Toray의 T700-12K는 70MPa의 충전압력을 갖는 복합소재 저장탱크를 제조하기에는 강도안전성을 보장할 수 없으므로 60MPa 이하의 수소연료 복합소재탱크 제조를 권장한다.