• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2017

The increase of greenhouse gases and the concern of global warming instigate the development and spread of renewable energy and hydrogen is considered one of the clean energy sources. Hydrogen is one of the most elements in the earth and exist in the form of fossil fuel, biomass and water. In order to use hydrogen for a clean energy source, the hydrogen production method should be eco-friendly and economic as well. There are two different hydrogen production methods: conventional thermal method using fossil fuel and renewable method using biomass and water. Steam reforming, autothermal reforming, partial oxidation, and gasification (using solid fuel) have been considered for hydrogen production from fossil fuel. When using fossil fuel, carbon dioxide should be separated from hydrogen and captured to be accepted as a clean energy. The amount of hydrogen from biomass is insignificant. In order to occupy noticeable portion in hydrogen industries, biomass conversion, especially, biological method should be sufficiently improved in a process efficiency and a microorganism cultivation. Electrolysis is a mature technology and hydrogen from water is considered the most eco-friendly method in terms of clean energy when the electric power is from renewable sources such as photovoltaic cell, solar heat, and wind power etc.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

Hydrogen is used as a chemical feedstock in several important industrial processes, including oil refineries and petro-chemical production. But, nowadays hydrogen is focused as energy carrier on the rising of problems such as exhaustion of fossil fuel and environmental pollution. Thermochemical hydrogen production by nuclear energy has potential to efficiently produce large quantities of hydrogen without producing greenhouse gases, and research of nuclear hydrogen, therefore, has been worked with goal to demonstrate commercial production in 2020. The oil refineries and petro-chemical plant are very large, centralized producers and users of industrial hydrogen, and high-potential early market for hydrogen produced by nuclear energy. Therefore, it is essential to investigate and analyze for state of domestic hydrogen market focused on industrial users. Hydrogen market of petro-chemical industry as demand site was investigated and worked for demand forecast of hydrogen in 2020. Also we suggested possible supply plans of nuclear hydrogen considered regional characteristics and then it can be provided basis for determination of optimal capacity of nuclear hydrogen plant in 2020.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.192-196
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• 2008

The generation of high purity hydrogen from reformed hydrocarbon fuels, or syngas, is essential for efficient operation of the fuel cell (PEMFC, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell). Usually, major components of reformed gas are $H_2$, CO, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$. Especially a major component, CO poisons the electrode of fuel cells. The water gas shifter (WGS) that shifts CO to $CO_2$ and simultaneously produces $H_2$, was developed to a two stage catalytic conversion process involving a high temperature shifter (HTS) and a low temperature shifter (LTS). Also, experiments were carried out to reduce the carbon monoxide up to $3{\sim}4%$ in the HTS and lower than 5,000 ppm via the LTS.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-33
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• 2013

The present work is an attempt to provide an overview, about the status of R&D and current trends in Hydrogen Production using High Temperature Reactors. Bibliographic references from the INIS database, the Science Direct database and the NTIS database were downloaded and analyzed. Ten year data on the subject, published between 2001 and 2010, was selected for the study. Appropriate qued ry formulations on these databases, resulted in the retrieval of 621 unique bibliographic records. Using the content analysis method, all the records were analyzed. Part One of the analysis details Scientometric R&D indicators, Part Two is a subject-based analysis, grouped under: A. International Initiatives and Programmes for Hydrogen Production; B. European R&D initiatives for Hydrogen production; C. National Initiatives and Programmes for Nuclear Hydrogen Production; D. Reactor Technologies for Nuclear Hydrogen production; E. Fuel Developments; F. Hydrogen Production Processes using HTRs and G. Materials Consideration for Nuclear Hydrogen Production. The results of this analysis are summarized in the study.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.4287-4294
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• 2023

In order to meet the energy demand, energy production must be done continuously. Hydrogen seems to be the best alternative for this energy production, because it is both an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source. In this study, the hydrogen fuel production of the peaceful nuclear explosives (PACER) fusion blanket as the energy source integrated with Fe-Cl thermochemical water splitting cycle have been investigated. Firstly, neutronic analyzes of the PACER fusion blanket were performed. Necessary neutronic studies were performed in the Monte Carlo calculation method. Molten salt fuel has been considered mole-fractions of heavy metal salt (ThF₄, UF₄ and ThF₄+UF₄) by 2, 6 and 12 mol. % with Flibe as the main constituent. Secondly, potential of the hydrogen fuel production as a result of the neutronic evaluations of the PACER fusion blanket integrated with Fe-Cl thermochemical cycle have been performed. In these calculations, tritium breeding (TBR), energy multiplication factor (M), thermal power ratio (1 - 𝜓), total thermal power (P_hpf) and mass flow rate of hydrogen (ṁ_H2) have been computed. As a results, the amount of the hydrogen production (ṁ_H2) have been obtained in the range of 232.24x10⁶ kg/year and 345.79 x10⁶ kg/year for the all mole-fractions of heavy metal salts using in the blanket.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

As fuel cells approach commercialization, hydrogen production becomes a critical step in the overall energy conversion pathway. Reforming is a process that produces a hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrogen production via autothermal reforming (ATR) is particularly attractive for applications that demand a quick start-up and response time in a compact size. However, further research is required to optimize the performance of autothermal reformers and accurate models of reactor performance must be developed and validated. The design includes the requirement of accommodating a wide range of experimental set ups. Factors considered in the design of the reformer are capability to use multiple fuels, ability to vary stoichiometry, precise temperature and pressure control, implementation of enhancement methods, capability to implement variable catalyst positions and catalyst arrangement, ability to monitor and change reactant mixing, and proper implementation of data acquisition. A model of the system was first developed in order to calculate flowrates, heating, space velocity, and other important parameters needed to select the hardware that comprises the reformer. Predicted performance will be compared to actual data once the reformer construction is completed. This comparison will quantify the accuracy of the model and should point to areas where further model development is required. The end result will be a research tool that allows engineers to optimize hydrogen production via autothermal reformation.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.864-873
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• 2006

As fuel cells approach commercialization, hydrogen production becomes a critical step in the overall energy conversion pathway. Reforming is a process that produces a hydrogen-rich gas from hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrogen production via autothermal reforming (ATR) is particularly attractive for applications that demand a quick start-up and response time in a compact size. However, further research is required to optimize the performance of autothermal reformers and accurate models of reactor performance must be developed and validated. The design includes the requirement of accommodating a wide range of experimental set ups. Factors considered in the design of the reformer are capability to use multiple fuels, ability to vary stoichiometry, precise temperature and pressure control, implementation of enhancement methods, capability to implement variable catalyst positions and catalyst arrangement, ability to monitor and change reactant mixing, and proper implementation of data acquisition. A model of the system was first developed in order to calculate flowrates, heating, space velocity, and other important parameters needed to select the hardware that comprises the reformer. Predicted performance will be compared to actual data once the reformer construction is completed. This comparison will quantify the accuracy of the model and should point to areas where further model development is required. The end result will be a research tool that allows engineers to optimize hydrogen production via autothermal reformation.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2010

Research and Development (R&D) investment of hydrogen and fuel cell, funded by government from 2007 to 2008 in Korea, has been analyzed. R&D investment of hydrogen and fuel cell in 2008 would see 9% and 29% of total budget in the field of renewable energy, respectively. It was found that R&D investment is mainly dependent on mission of Ministry in Korea. Basic and apply research would be mainly invested by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), while development research would be conducted by Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE). In R&D investment by performer, hydrogen technology would be conducted by government-funded institute and university. It was also shown that funds for hydrogen production have been much supported than hydrogen storage. Meanwhile, fuel cell would be mainly conducted by major companies. It was also shown that funds for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have been much invested than other technology in fuel cell.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.406-414
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• 2021

Electrochemical devices are constructed for continuous syngas (CO + H₂) production with controlled selectivity between CO₂ and proton reduction reactions. The ratio of CO to H₂, or the faradaic efficiency toward CO generation, was mechanically manipulated by adjusting the space volume between the cathode and the polymer gas separator in the device. In particular, the area added between the cathode and the ion-conducting polymer using 0.5 M KHCO₃ catholyte regulated the solution acidity and proton reduction kinetics in the flow cell. The faradaic efficiency of CO production was controlled as a function of the distance between the polymer separator and cathode in addition to that manipulated by the electrode potential. Further, the electrochemical CO₂ reduction device using Au NPs presented a stable operation for more than 23 h at different H₂:CO production levels, demonstrating the functional stability of the flow cell utilizing the mechanical variable as an important operational factor.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

A Study on the application of ultrasonic with high frequency is carried out as a plan to rise the efficiency of the hydrogen fuel production in an electrolysis of water. KOH is selected as an electrolyte and concentrations are 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30%. The solvent is city water. A measurable device of buoyancy by an electronic balance and a measurable device of voltage with a sensor of pressure are planned newly as a measuring device to measure the quantity of hydrogen production. An ultrasonic transducer with high frequency of 2 MHz is selected to give them the ultrasonic forcing. In results, it is clarified that ultrasonic influences the decrease of overpotential in the electrolytic solution. And basic data according to the pole interval and the temperature are obtained.