• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.347-364
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• 1994

Airlift bioreactors are extensively used in the fields of aerobic fermentation, animal and plant cell cultures. This review article evaluates the present research activities in the field of airlift bioreactors. The published research works on the design parameters such as types, location and properties of gas sparser, hydrodynamic properties such as phase holdups mixing, liquid circulation rate, mass and heat transfer rates are summarized. Also, recommendations are presented for designing airlift bioreactors.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.315-328
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• 2016

Techniques for determinating hydrodynamic derivatives of underwater tow-fish using CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) are described in this paper. Main components of hydrodynamic derivatives are added mass, linear damping and non-linear damping coefficients. In this study, linear and non-linear damping coefficients for translational velocities are settled by CFD analysis. In order to analyze the underwater tow-fish, UlsanFOAM based on open-source CFD code, namely OpenFOAM, is employed. By simulating pitch and yaw angle variation of underwater tow-fish, 6DOF(Degree-of-Freedom) forces and moments are estimated at each attitudes. In order to determinate the hydrodynamic derivatives, curves(forces and moments vs attitude) for CFD results are fitted by least square methods. To demonstrate the applicability of the current approach, two different problems(impulsive side towing and straight towing) are simulated and all results are validated.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권4호통권109호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2004

반폐쇄성 기수호인 Obuchi호에서 수질과 생물학적 mass balance를 평가하기 위해 생태계 모델을 개발하고 적용하였다. 2001년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지 관찰된 조석의 차이, 강으로부터의 유입수 및 기상 변수들에 대한 시계열 자료들을 hydrodynamic 모델의 변수들로 접목시켰다. 수질과 생물생체량 balance는 생태계 모델에 의해 평가되었으며, 모의된 수질 값은 관찰 값과 일치하였다. 호수에서 모델에 의해 계산된 POC와 식물플랑크톤, 동물플랑크톤의 carbon 함량은 각각 7,200 kg, 1,500 kg, 22 kg으로 나타났으며, 이는 관찰 값 POC (5,900 kg), 식물플랑크톤 (3,800 kg)밍, 동물플랑크톤 (150 kg)과 어느 정도 비교할 수 있었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

지진의 수평지반운동으로 인해 유체저장탱크에 작용하는 수평하중의 산정에 있어서 유체수심에 대한 탱크저면길이의 비율에 따라 유용하게 사용할 수 있는 근사해법에 대하여 연구하였다 본 연구는 탱크벽체를 강체로 가정하고 구한 속도포텐셜이론을 적용하여 탱크의 지진하중을 산정한다. 유체저장탱크의 수평단면이 연직으로 일정하지만 그 형상은 원형, 직사각형, 불규칙형인 경우로 나누어 해석하였다 우선 주기적 지반운동(조화가진)에 대한 해를 구하고 이를 바탕으로 랜덤지진에 대한 시간영역해를 구하도록 한다. 예제해석결과 지진력은 적용하는 설계응답스펙트럼의 특성 탱크단면형, 수심에 대한 저면길이의 비율등에 따라 차이가 다소있으나 주로 고주파수 유효질량의 관성력이 지배적인 것으로 나타났다. 대체적으로 수심에 대하여 탱크저면길이가 상당히 크거나 작은 경우는 고주파수근사해를 써서 지진력을 효율적으로 산정할 수 있었다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.231-253
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• 2013

The impact of spar-nacelle-blade coupling on edgewise dynamic responses of spar-type floating wind turbines (S-FOWT) is investigated in this paper. Currently, this coupling is not considered explicitly by researchers. First of all, a coupled model of edgewise vibration of the S-FOWT considering the aerodynamic properties of the blade, variable mass and stiffness per unit length, gravity, the interactions among the blades, nacelle, spar and mooring system, the hydrodynamic effects, the restoring moment and the buoyancy force is proposed. The aerodynamic loads are combined of a steady wind (including the wind shear) and turbulence. Each blade is modeled as a cantilever beam vibrating in its fundamental mode. The mooring cables are modeled using an extended quasi-static method. The hydrodynamic effects calculated by using Morison's equation and strip theory consist of added mass, fluid inertia and viscous drag forces. The random sea state is simulated by superimposing a number of linear regular waves. The model shows that the vibration of the blades, nacelle, tower, and spar are coupled in all degrees of freedom and in all inertial, dissipative and elastic components. An uncoupled model of the S-FOWT is then formulated in which the blades and the nacelle are not coupled with the spar vibration. A 5MW S-FOWT is analyzed by using the two proposed models. In the no-wave sea, the coupling is found to contribute to spar responses only. When the wave loading is considered, the coupling is significant for the responses of both the nacelle and the spar.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2011

A hydrodynamic separator using natural free energy provided by bridge was operated for the treatment of stormwater runoff. The separator was automatically controlled by using electronic valve which is connected with pressure meter. Normally the separator was opened during dry days, but it was closed after the capture of first flush. The results indicated that the average pressure and the flow rate were directly affected by the rainfall intensity. The pressure was more than 3 meters as the rainfall intensity was above 5 mm/hr. The percent volume of underflow decreased as the pressure and flow rate increased, but the percent volume of overflow showed an opposite behavior. The concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in underflow increased as a function of increasing pressure while it decreased in overflow. The TSS separation efficiency was evaluated based on mass balance. It ranged from 30% to 90% with the pressure ranging from 2 to 10 meters, and it was proportional to pressure and flow rate. The analysis of water balance indicated that around 13% of total runoff was captured by the separator as a first flush, and this runoff was separated as underflow and overflow with the respective percent volume of 29% and 71%. The pollutants budget was also examined based on mass balance. The results showed that the percent of TSS, $COD_{cr}$, TN and TP in underflow were 73%, 59%, 7.6% and 49%, respectively.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.625-630
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• 2001

The inducers in liquid-rocket engines are to increase the inlet pressure of the pump to avoid any malfunction due to cavitation. Inducers are typically designed to be operated with some amount of cavitation for the compactness of the turbopump system. Also, inducers are designed to produce low headrise to prevent the decrease of the overall pump efficiency due to the low efficiency of inducers. In the present paper, a computational study on the hydrodynamic behavior of the inducer for the rocket-engine turbopump are presented including the effect of the mass flow rate under the constant rotational speed. As the mass flow rate is decreased, the inducer showed better performance with strong back flows which may have deleterious effects upon the anti-cavitation ability. But the adopted inducer showed very low headrise with high volume flow rates, which may be caused by the small passage area near the trailing edge. The modified version of the present inducer is proposed and numerically evaluated, which in turn showed better results.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

Recently, it has been widely recognized that coastal vegetations may have great value in supporting fisheries, protecting from wave attack, stabilizing the sea bed and maintaining good scenery. Hydrodynamic factors play a major role in the functions of water quality and ecosystems. However, the studies on physical and numerical process of wave propagation are few and far behind compared to those on the hydrodynamic roles of coastal vegetations. In general, Vegetation flourishing along the coastal areas attenuates the incident waves, through momentum exchange between stagnated water mass in the vegetated area and rapid mass in the un-vegetated area. This study develops a numerical model for describing the wave attenuation rate in the complex topography with the vegetation area. Based on the numerical results, the physical properties of the wave attenuation are examined under various wave, geometric and vegetation conditions. Through the comparisons of these results, the effects of the vegetation properties, wave properties and model parameters such ac the momentum exchange coefficient have been clarified.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1987

Linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic force, which acts on submerged circular and eilliptic cylinders in oscillations as well as in advancing motion, are investigated as an initial-boundary value problem using a numerical method, which makes use of the source distribution on the body surface and the spectral method for treating the free surface waves. In the numerical code developed here, the boundary condition at the body surface is linearized. Using the numerical code so attained, nonlinear effects for different forward speeds and of the large-amplitude motion are computed. One of the major findings is that, when the forward speed is large, the added mass has its minimum and the damping force change rapidly around the frequency corresponding to the speed-frequency parameter, $\tau$=0.25, Compared to the result of Grue's [10], who used linear theory to get abrupt changes in values of the added mass and the damping force at the frequency corresponding to $\tau$=0.25, the present study, which takes nonlinear effects into account, shows much smoother variations near the frequency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.884-893
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• 2019

Spent fuel racks are steel structures used in the storage of the spent fuel removed from the nuclear power reactor. Rack units are submerged in the depths of the spent fuel pool to keep the fuel cool. Their free-standing design isolates their bases from the pool floor reducing structural stresses in case of seismic event. However, these singular features complicate their seismic analysis which involves a transient dynamic response with geometrical nonlinearities and fluid-structure interactions. An accurate estimation of the response is essential to achieve a safe pool layout and a reliable structural design. An analysis methodology based on the hydrodynamic mass concept and implicit integration algorithms was developed ad-hoc, but some dispersion of results still remains. In order to validate the analysis methodology, vibration tests are carried out on a reduced scale mock-up of a 2-rack system. The two rack mockups are submerged in free-standing conditions inside a rigid pool tank loaded with fake fuel assemblies and subjected to accelerations on a unidirectional shaking table. This article compares the experimental data with the numerical outputs of a finite element model built in ANSYS Mechanical. The in-phase motion of both units is highlighted and the water coupling effect is detailed. Results show a good agreement validating the methodology.