• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.641-656
• /
• 2018

Although an amount of hydrocarbon has been discovered in the West Korea Bay Basin (WKBB), located in the North Korean offshore area, geophysical investigations associated with these hydrocarbon reservoirs are not permitted because of the current geopolitical situation. Interpretation of satellite derived potential field data can be alternatively used to image three-dimensional (3D) density distribution in the sedimentary basin associated with hydrocarbon deposits. We interpreted the TRIDENT satellite-derived gravity field data to provide detailed insights into the spatial distribution of sedimentary density structures in the WKBB. We used 3D forward density modeling for the interpretation that incorporated constraints from existing geological and geophysical information. The gravity data interpretation and 3D forward modeling showed that there are two modeled areas in the central subbasin that are characterized by very low density structures, with a maximum density of about $2,000kg/m^3$, indicating some type of hydrocarbon reservoir. One of the anticipated hydrocarbon reservoirs is located in the southern part of the central subbasin with a volume of about $250km^3$ at a depth of about 3,000 m in the Cretaceous/Jurassic layer. The other hydrocarbon reservoir should exist in the northern part of the central subbasin, with an average volume of about $300km^3$ at a depth of about 2,500 m. A comparison between the TRIDENT derived gravity field and the ship-based gravity field measured in 1980s shows us that our results are highly reliable and there is a very high probability to detect another low-density layer existings in the northwestern part of the central subbasin.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.15.2-15.2
• /
• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.79-79
• /
• 2002

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.25-41
• /
• 2011

AVO analysis was conducted on hydrocarbon-bearing structures by applying the crossplot and offset-coordinate amplitude polynomial techniques. To evaluate the applicability of the AVO analysis, it was conducted on synthetic data that were generated with an anticline model, and field data from the hydrocarbon-bearing Colony Sand bed in Canada. Analysis of synthetic data from the anticline model demonstrates that the crossplot method yields zero-offset reflection amplitude and amplitude variation with negative values for the upper interface of the hydrocarbon-bearing layer. The crossplot values are clustered in the third quadrant. The results of AVO analysis based on the coefficients of the amplitude polynomial are similar to those from the crossplots. These well correlated results of AVO analysis on field and synthetic data suggest that both methods successfully investigate the characteristics of the reflections from the upper interface of a hydrocarbon-bearing layer. Analysis based on the incident-angle equation facilitates the application of various interpretation methods. However, it requires the conversion of seismic data to an incident angle gather. By contrast, analysis using coefficients of the amplitude polynomial is cost-effective because it allows examining amplitude variation with offset without involving the conversion process. However, it warrants further investigation into versatile application. The two different techniques can be complement each other effectively as AVO-analysis tools for the detection of hydrocarbon reservoirs.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
• /
• v.6 no.1_2 s.7
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 1998

Chemical components of water, chemical and isotopic compositions of extractable gases were analyzed to characterize the properties of the natural gases which are dissolved in ground water in the Pohang area. Amount of total extracted gases ranges from 27 ml/l to 50.1 ml/l. Hydrocarbon gases are composed of methane ($27{\~}376,420 ppm$) and ethane ($19{\~}127 ppm$). Amount of total hydrocarbon gases is related to the lithology and geological factors around the reservoir. Quantity of hydrocarbon gases tends to increase in the Tertiary reservoirs and in the reservoirs where the Tertiary formations are thick enough. According to the relationship between hydrocarbon gases and total solids in the ground water, it is believed that the hydrocarbon gases were dissolved in the Tertiary formation water. Based on the methane content ($>99.9\%$) and isotopic composition (${\delta}C^{13};-73.1\%_{\circ}{\~}-43.22\%_{\circ}$), we interpret the gases to be of predominantly biogenic origin which were generated by the methanogenic bacterial processes under the low temperature and anoxic conditions.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2015

Hydrocarbon resins, which are defined as low molecular weight, amorphous, and thermoplastic polymers, are widely used as tackifier for various types of adhesives, as processing aids in rubber compounds, and as modifiers for plastics polymers such as isotactic polypropylene. Typically, hydrocarbon resins are non-polar, and thus highly compatible with non-polar rubbers and polymer. However, they are poorly compatible with polar system, such as acrylic copolymer, polyurethanes, and polyamides. Moreover, recently the raw materials of hydrocarbon resin from naphtha cracking had been decreased because of light feed cracking such as gas cracking. To overcome this problem, in this study, novel hydrocarbon resins were designed to have a highly polar chemical structure which material is sustainable. And, it was successfully synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction of dicyclopentadiene monomer and sorbic acid from blueberry as renewable resources. Acrylic resins were formulated with various tackifiers solution including sorbic acid grafted hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene hydrocarbon resins in acrylic adhesive and rolling ball tack, loop tack, $180^{\circ}$ peel adhesion strength, and shear adhesion strength were measured. The properties depend on the softening point and polar content of tackifiers.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.366-370
• /
• 1992

Sediment samples were collected from the stations 0101-0921 located between N $32^{\circ}$30'~$34^{\circ}$30' and E $123^{\circ}$30'-$128^{\circ}$30' during July 31-August lO. 1988. The distributions of total heterotrophic bacteria, freshwater bacteria and hydrocarbon degrading bacteria were studied. Each bacterial distribution was in the range of $3{\times}10^{5}~9.2{\times}10^{6}CFU/cm^{3}$sediment, $3{\times}10^{3}~2.1{\times}10^{6}CFU/cm^{3}$ sediment and $2{\times}10^{4}~6.2{\times}10^{6}CFU/cm^{3}$ sediment. respectively. The percent of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria against total heterotrophic bacteria was 0.7-73,2 % which was much higher than other marine sediments reported. These values were statistically analyzed with the percent of freshwater bacteria against total heterotrophic bacteria. These two parameters were well correlated with the correlation coefficient r= 0.60058 (n=34) and P=0.OOO2. This means that the distributions of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and freshwater bacteria in the research area were affected together by the fresh water discharge into the sea environment. Therefore it can be concluded that the distribution of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in the sediment of South Sea was affected by petroleum hydrocarbon input from terrestrial region through rivers.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2009

The timing of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks can be evaluated by reconstructing the geohistory of the basin using petroleum system modeling. The Tyee basin is generally considered having a high hydrocarbon generation potential For the southern part of the basin, the basin evolution from a structural and stratigraphic points of view, the thermal history, and the burial history were reconstructed and simulated using numerical tools of basin modeling. An evaluation of organic geochemistry for the potential source rocks and the possible petroleum systems were analysed to improve the understanding of the hydrocarbon charge of the basin. Organic geochemical data indicate that the undifferentiated Umpqua Group, mudstones of the Klamath Mountains, and coals and carbonaceous mudstones in the Remote Member and the Coquille River Member are the most potential gas-prone source rocks in the basin. The relatively high maturity of the southern Tyee basin is related to deep burial resulting from loading by the Coos bay strata. And the heating by intrusion from the western Cascade arc also affects to the high maturity of the basin. The maturation of source rocks, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were evaluated by means of basin modeling. The modeling results reveal that the hydrocarbon was generated in all potential source rocks and an expulsion only occurred from the Remote Member.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.888-895
• /
• 2003

Combustion chamber crevices in SI engines are identified as the largest contributors to the engine-out hydrocarbon emissions. The largest crevice is the piston ring-pack crevice. A numerical simulation method was developed, which would allow to predict and understand the oxidation process of piston crevice hydrocarbons. A computational mesh with a moving grid to represent the piston motion was built and a 4-step oxidation model involving seven species was used. The sixteen coefficients in the rate expressions of 4-step oxidation model are optimized based on the results from a study on the detailed chemical kinetic mechanism of oxidation in the engine combustion chamber. Propane was used as the fuel in order to eliminate oil layer absorption and the liquid fuel effect. Initial conditions of the burned gas temperature and in-cylinder pressure were obtained from the 2-zone cycle simulation model. And the simulation was carried out from the end of combustion to the exhaust valve opening for various engine speeds, loads, equivalence ratios and crevice volumes. The total hydrocarbon (THC) oxidation in the crevice during the expansion stroke was 54.9% at 1500 rpm and 0.4 bar (warmed-up condition). The oxidation rate increased at high loads, high swirl ratios, and near stoichiometric conditions. As the crevice volume increased, the amount of unburned HC left at EVO (Exhaust Valve Opening) increased slightly.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.249-252
• /
• 2001

The green algae, Botryococcus braunii, has an unusually high hydrocarbon content, ranging from 15 to 75% of dry weight, as a long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbon. It has a potential as a renewable source of chemical feedstocks or fuels. The commercial production of hydrocarbon by B. braunii has not been achieved mainly due to their economic and several technical barriers. The B. braunii cultivation with piggery wastewater could alleviate to economic problems by the reduction of inorganic nutrients, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. We have been studying cultivation of B. braunii in the pretreated piggery wastewater by a MBR(membrane bioreactod, containing about 3000 mg $NO^3$ /L, 15 mg $NH_4\;^+/L$, 3 mg P/L, and others. The purpose of this study was to develop a continuous culture system in piggery wastewater and nitrogen-limited chemostat.