• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 1989

Prototype metal hydride chemical heat pump was constructed using $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ for high temperature hydride and $MmNi_{4.15}Fe_{0.65}Al_{0.2}$ for low temperature hydride, and the effects of operating conditions on the performace of heat pump were investigaed to find out the optimum operating condition. Operating variables considered in this work were cycling time, temperature of hot air blown to the high temperature reactor, the amount of hydrogen gas with which the system was charged initially, and the flow rate of air at both reactors. Power of heat pump increases monotonically as $T_h$ increases, and shows maxima at 4.8H/M and 15-25 min in $H_2$ charged and cycling time respectively. Power of heat pump increases as air flow rate increases at low flow rate, but saturates to some value confined by heat flow rate through the hydride bed, These all phenomena can be explained by the modified power equation.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제30권12호
• /
• pp.1526-1533
• /
• 2006

The aim of this research was to confirm the existence of the thermal creep degradation by hydrides of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube materials. Small punch creep tests were performed to obtain the relationship between a creep displacement and a loading period at $300^{\circ}C$. A creep stress and a creep strain rate were also converted from the previous results. The creep material constants and the creep stress exponents at the different hydride contents were compared. Finally the hydrides of the axial and circumferential section were observed using OM, SEM and TEM. The following conclusions were made: 1) The degradation of the thermal creep by hydrides was existed and it strongly depended on the hydride contents. 2) As the hydride contents were increased, the creep stress exponents (m) were also increased. 3) Even though the hydride was not precipitated in 50 ppm materials at $300^{\circ}C$, the degradation of thermal creep was found. Therefore, it was believed that this phenomenon strongly related to the hydride precipitation at room temperature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제46권5호
• /
• pp.681-688
• /
• 2014

Hydride reorientation behaviors of PWR cladding tubes under typical interim dry storage conditions were investigated with the use of as-received 250 and 485ppm hydrogen-charged Zr-Nb alloy cladding tubes. In order to evaluate the effect of typical cool-down processes on the radial hydride precipitation, two terminal heat-up temperatures of 300 and $400^{\circ}C$, as well as two terminal cool-down temperatures of 200 and $300^{\circ}C$, were considered. In addition, two cooling rates of 2.5 and $8.0^{\circ}C/min$ during the cool-down processes were taken into account along with zero stress or a tensile hoop stress of 150MPa. It was found that the 250ppm hydrogen-charged specimen experiencing the higher terminal heat-up temperature and the lower terminal cool-down temperature generated the highest number of radial hydrides during the cool-down process under 150MPa hoop tensile stress, which may be explained by terminal solid hydrogen solubilities for precipitation, and dissolution and remaining circumferential hydrides at the terminal heat-up temperatures. In addition, the slower cool-down rate generates the larger number of radial hydrides due to a cooling rate-dependent, longer residence time at a relatively high temperature that can accelerate the radial hydride nucleation and growth.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제19권7호
• /
• pp.733-737
• /
• 1998

Using an atom superposition and electron delocalization molecular orbital (ASED-MO) method, we have compared adsorption properties of adsorbates on the Pt(Ill) surface with the Pt(lll)/γ-Al203 surface in the ethylene hydrogenation reaction. In two-layer thick model systems, the calculated activation energy of the hydrogenation by the surface platinum hydride is equal to the energy by the hydride over supported platinum/γ-alumina. The transition structure on platinum is very close to the structure on the supported platinum/γ-alumina surface. Hydrogenation by the surface hydride on platinum can take place easily because the activation energy is about 0.5 eV less than hydrogenation by ethylidene. On supported platinum/,y-alumina the activation energy of the hydride mechanism is about 0.61 eV less than that of ethylidene mechanism. In one-layer thick model systems, the activation energy of hydrogenation by ethylidene is about 0.13 eV less than the activation energy of hydride reaction. The calculated activation energy by the hydride over the supported platinum y-alumina is 0. 24 eV higher than the platinum surface. We have found from this result that the catalytic properties of one-layer thick model systems have been influenced by the support but the two-layer thick model systems have not been influenced by the support.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.890-895
• /
• 1997

The approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess lithium tripiperidinoaluminum hydride (LTPDA), an alicyclic aminoaluminum hydride, with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under the standardized conditions (tetrahydrofuran, 25°) were examined in order to define the reducing characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reducing ability of LTPDA was also compared with those of the parent lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) and lithium tris(diethylamino)aluminum hydride (LTDEA), a representative aliphatic aminoaluminum hydride. In general, the reactivity of LTPDA toward organic functionalities is weaker than LTDEA and much weaker than LAH. LTPDA shows a unique reducing characteristics. Thus, benzyl alcohol, phenol and thiols evolve a quantitative amount of hydrogen rapidly. The rate of hydrogen evolution of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols is distinctive. LTPDA reduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid chlorides and epoxides readily to the corresponding alcohols. Quinones, such as p-benzoquinone and anthraquinone, are reduced to the corresponding diols without hydrogen evolution. Tertiary amides and nitriles are also reduced readily to the corresponding amines. The reagent reduces nitro compounds and azobenzene to the amine stages. Disulfides are reduced to thiols, and sulfoxides and sulfones are converted to sulfides. Additionally, the reagent appears to be a good partial reducing agent to convert primary carboxamides into the corresponding aldehydes.

• 한국주조공학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.322-328
• /
• 1988

3.9%C-2.0%Si-Fe 조성의 압분체(壓粉體)를 $1350^{\circ}$, Ar가스 분위기에서 50분간 용해한 용탕에 시판(市販) misch metal과 misch metal hydride인 MmH와 $MmH_2$를 각각 여러비율로 첨가(添加)한후 서냉(徐冷)및 급냉(急冷)한 시편의 흑연형상(黑鉛形狀)의 변화로부터 misch metal hydride의 구상화능(球狀化能)과 흑연구상화(黑鉛球狀化) 기구(機構) 로서의 기포설(氣泡說)의 타당성을 고찰한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) Misch metal은 0.5% 이상, 그리고 misch metal hydride는 0.25% 이상 첨가한 때 구상흑연(球狀黑鉛)과 CV 흑연(黑鉛)이 나타났으며, misch metal hydride를 첨가한 때가 misch metal에 비하여 흑연립수(黑鉛粒數)가 더 많았다. 이와같이 misch metal hydride의 첨가량이 misch metal에 비하여 적었음에도 흑연립수(黑鉛粒數)가 더 많은 것을 보면 Mm으로부터 방출되는 다수(多數)의 수소기포(水素氣泡)가 구상흑연(球狀黑鉛)의 정출장소로 되는 것으로 해석되기 때문에 기포설(氣泡說)이 타당하다고 생각된다. 2) Misch metal 과 misch metal hydride의 첨가량(添加量)이 1.0%로 증가되면 두경우 모두 흑연립수(黑鉛粒數)가 감소하였다. 이는 용탕중에 개재된 수소기포(水素氣泡)의 실수율차이에 의한 잔류 수소기포수의 증가율둔화와 첨가량(添加量)의 증가에 따른 잔류 misch metal량의 상대적(相對的) 증가로 인한 다량의 잔류 misch metal이 응고과정에서 수소를 재흡수 용해하여 흑연입수를 결정하는 용탕중의 유효수소기포수(有效水素氣泡數)를 감소시켰기 때문으로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.233-236
• /
• 2004

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecular ions which give rise to a serious spectral interference to the Bi determination. In order to avoid the spectral interference from the interferent $^{208}PbH^+$, the hydride generation method is employed for the matrix separation. The Bi hydride vapor is generated by reaction of the sample solution with 1% sodium borohydride solution. The vapor is then directed by argon carrier gas into the ICP after separation from the mixture solution in a liquid-gas separator made of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane tube. The presence of 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix caused reduction of the bismuthine generation efficiency by about 40%. The standard addition method is used to overcome the chemical interference from the Pb matrix. Optimum conditions are investigated for the hydride-generation ICPMS. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/mL for the sample solutions containing 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.369-377
• /
• 2003

Since Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes have a high risk for the formation of blisters during their operation in pressurized heavy water reactors, there has been a strong incentive to develop a method for the non-destructive detection of blisters grown on the tube surfaces. However, because there is little mismatch in acoustic impedance between the hydride blisters and zirconium matrix, it is not easy to distinguish the boundary between the blister and zirconium matrix with conventional ultrasonic methods. This study has focused on the development of a special ultrasonic method, so called ultrasonic velocity ratio method for a reliable detection of blisters formed on Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes. Hydride blisters were grown on the outer surface of the Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube using a cold finger attached to a steady state thermal diffusion equipment. To maximize a difference in the ultrasonic velocity in hydride blisters and the zirconium matrix, the ultrasonic velocity ratio of longitudinal wave to shear wave, $V_L/V_S$, has been determined based on the flight time of the longitudinal echo and reflected shear echo from the outer surface of the tubes. The feasibility of the ultrasonic velocity ratio method is confirmed by comparing the contour plots reproduced by this method with those of the blisters grown on the Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 2009

The relation between temperature and hydrogen desorption on variation in output was investigated for the metal hydride canister. For this study, an AB$_5$ type alloy were chosen as a hydrogen storage material in the metal hydride canister. And application to the single proton exchange membrane fuel cell was evaluated. As the results, the hydrogen desorption was linearly increased as the temperature was risen. In addition, metal hydride canister heating was able to correspond the variation of load as power request in the PEMFC system.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2000

Unpredictable failures can occur due to the DHC (delayed hydride cracking) or the degradation of fracture toughness by hydride embrittlement in CANDU pressure tube which can result from the absorption of hydrogen or deuterium in the high temperature coolant. To investigate the hydride embrittlement of CANDU Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube, the transverse tensile test and the fracture toughness test were performed from room temperature to $300^{\circ}C$ using three different specimens which have an AR (As Received), 100, and 200 ppm hydrogen. As the amount of absorbed hydrogen was increased, the transverse yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength were also increased. In addition, as the test temperature became higher they were decreased linearly. While, at room temperature, the hydrogenbsorbed specimens represented the embrittlement which resulted in sudden decreasing of fracture toughness, the fracture characteristics became ductile such as AR specimen at high temperatures. Through the observation of fracture surface using SEM, it was found that the stress state of mixed mode could be related to the fissure which was believed to decrease the global fracture toughness.