• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2020

A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was applied to estimate biokinetic coefficients of Clostridium cadaveris and Clostridium sporogenes, which utilize protein as carbon source. Experimental data on changes in peptone concentration and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of C. cadaveris and C. sporogenes were fitted to model. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta approximation with non-linear least squares analysis was employed to solve the ordinary differential equations to estimate biokinetic coefficients. The maximum specific growth rate (μ_max), half-saturation concentration (K_s), growth yield (Y), and decay coefficient (K_d) of C. cadaveris and C.sporogenes were 0.73 ± 0.05 and 1.35 ± 0.32 h^-1, 6.07 ± 1.52 and 5.67 ± 1.53 g/l, 2.25 ± 0.75 × 10¹⁰ and 7.92 ± 3.71 × 10⁹ copies/g, 0.002 ± 0.003 and 0.002 ± 0.001 h^-1, respectively. The theoretical specific growth rate of C. sporogenes always exceeded that of C. cadaveris at peptone concentration higher than 3.62 g/l. When the influent peptone concentration was 5.0 g/l, the concentration of C.cadaveris gradually decreased to the steady value of 2.9 × 10¹⁰ copies/ml at 4 h Hydraulic retention time (HRT), which indicates a 67.1% reduction of the initial population, but the wash out occurred at HRTs of 1.9 and 3.2 h. The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of C. sporogenes gradually decreased to steady values ranging from 1.1 × 10¹⁰ to 2.9 × 10¹⁰ copies/ml. C. sporogenes species was predicted to wash out at an HRT of 1.6 h.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2016

Recently, coastal erosion has been widely in progress and the erosion level becomes also serious in the world wide, espeically in East Sea in Korea. Since it would threaten the life, economics and security risk, it is necessary to much comprehend the reason why coastal erosion has occurred according to the geographical characteristics. Meanwhile, analysis about hydrodynamics of the solitary wave such as tunami in swash zone is needed for the best management practice of coastal erosion. Solitary wave is nonlinear wave and can be reproduced in the laboratoy scale by openning suddenly a sluice gate with water head difference, of which methodology was found in the literature, since it could be simply determined by a significant wave height. Thus, in this sutdy the generation of solitary wave was experimentalized using the sluice gate. Experimental conditions were classified by angles of a beach slope, a water level in a beach slope and a difference of water level between in a headtank and a channel bed. Two kinds of dimensionless analyses based from experimental results in this study were presented; the first analysis indicates nondimensionalization between the wave height and the water level in a beach slope in order to investigate characteristics of solitary wave approaching the beach. The second shows the other nondimensionalization between dynamic pressure and static pressure on a beach slope to investigate the relationship between wave breaking and wave pressure. Under the same conditions as laboratory experiments, the numerical results computed with a SWAN model embedded in FLOW 3D were compared in terms of wave height, and pressure on the beach slope, which shows good agreement with each other. Overall results from this study could provide fundamental hydraulic data for the reliabile verification of numerical simulation results about coastal erosion in swash zone caused by solitary waves.

• 물과 미래
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 다공성 매질의 특수율이 비정체형인 경우 대수투수계수-수두 교차공분산에 관한 식을 유도하였으며, 이 교차공분산은 수두분포로부터 특수장의 통계학적 특성을 유추하는데(inverse problem) 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 비정체형 대수투수계수는 일정한 선형경향과 정체형인 미소 변동의 합으로 구성되었으며, 2차원 포화대수층에서 정상 유동문제를 추계학적으로 해석하여 수두분포를 얻었고 이로부터 교차공분산을 유도하였다. 투수계수의 상관함수가 가우스분포를 가지고 그 경향이 수두 경사와 평행이거나 직교하는 두 가지 경우에 대하여 교차공분산을 살펴 본 결과, 투수장의 경향이 주 흐름방향과 평행한 경우 흐름방향 쪽만 제외하고는 정체형임이 밝혀졌다. 또한, 흐름방향과 직교하는 쪽으로의 교차공분산은 정체형 모델 결과와 달리 영이 아님를 알 수 있었다. 따라서 지하수 유동이나 오염물질 확산문제를 다룰 경우, 투수계수장에 어떤 경향이 존재한다고 의심될 때에는 반드시 그 경향을 해석과정에 포함시켜야 한다.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.231-242
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• 1999

면외 바닥하중과 토압과 수압에 의한 면내 압축력을 받는, 깊은 지하구조에 사용되는 플랫플레이트 슬래브에 대한 수치해석연구를 실시하였다. 비선형 유한요서해석을 위하여 재료와 기하학적 비선형효과를 고려한 수치해석프로그램을 개발하였으며, 이 수치해석방법은 4 변이 단순지지된 플레이트에 대한 실험결과와 비교에 의하여 검증되었다. 해석모델로서 국내 콘크리트계산규준의 직접설계법에 의하여 설계된 플랫플레이트 슬래브가 사용되었다. 하중조합과 하중순서에 대한 연구를 통하여 플랫플레이트 슬래브의 강도를 지배하는 하중조건을 연구하였으며, 이 지배하중을 받는 슬래브에 대한 변수연구를 통하여 철근비, 형상비, 콘크리트강도, 세장비에 따를 슬래브의 강도변화를 연구하였다. 이 연구결과를 바탕으로 바닥하중증대법을 제시하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1077-1084
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• 2017

기존의 선박용 디젤 엔진에는 항상 일정한 엔진 부하량을 유지하는 캠 구동장치가 적용되고 있었으나, 최근 환경규제로 인하여 엔진 부하량에 따라 실린더 온도를 개별적으로 제어하는 LDCL(Load dependent cylinder liner) JWCS(Jacket water cooling system)가 적용된 전자유압 제어방식이 개발되었다. 이 시스템에서 3-way 밸브는 실린더의 상부와 하부와의 온도 차이를 줄여 저온부식을 방지하는데, 대부분 수입에 의존하고 있으며 토출유량이 낮다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3-way 밸브 내부 형상 관련 설계인자가 성능(토출 유량 및 온도)에 미치는 영향을 파악하여 밸브의 형상 설계를 수행하였으며, 기존 모델과의 성능 비교를 통해 제안된 밸브의 우수성을 검증하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2007

횡월류위어의 월류량을 산정하기 위해서는 횡월류위어의 흐름특성을 분석하고 유량계수를 산정하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수리실험을 통하여 직사각형, 삼각형 횡월류위어에 대하여 본류의 Froude 수, 횡월류위어의 폭, 위어정각 등의 형상변화에 따른 유량계수를 산정하였다. 횡월류위어의 유량계수는 횡월류위어의 형상 및 기하학적 조건과 본류의 Froude수에 따라 변하는 것으로 나타났다. 다중 회귀분석을 통하여 직사각형과 삼각형 횡월류위어의 유량계수식을 제시하였으며, 측정된 월류량과의 비교 분석을 통해 적용성을 확인하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.310-319
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• 2016

If a spoiler was attached to the pipeline investigated in a previous study, a strong flow and vortex at the lower part caused scouring and thus an asymmetric pressure distribution, which assisted in the analysis of the self-burial structure where a down force was applied to the pipe. However, only the fluid-pipe interaction was considered, excluding the medium (seabed), when practically burying the pipeline. Thus, this study applied a numerical model (LES-WASS-2D) to directly analyze the non-linear interactions among the fluid, pipe, and seabed in order to perform numerical simulations of a pipeline with a spoiler installed on the seabed. This allowed the self-burial mechanism of a pipeline with a spoiler to be analyzed in the same context as the previous study that considered only the fluid-pipe interaction. However, when a pipeline was installed on the seabed, a strong flow and vortex were found at the front of the bottom, and a spoiler accelerated the fluid resistances. This hydraulic phenomenon will reinforce the scouring and down force on the pipeline. In the general consideration of the numerical analysis results by the specifications and arrangements of the spoiler, a pipeline with a spoiler was found to be the most effective for the self-burial function.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2021

In order to investigate downslope windstorm by using more detailed observation, we observed 6 cases at 3 sites - Inje, Yongpyeong, and Bukgangneung - during "3-D Meteorological Observation Project in Yeongdong region of Gangwon province, South Korea in 2020." The results from analysis of the project data were as follows. First, AWS data showed that a subsidence inversion layer appeared in 800~700 hPa on the windward side and 900~850 hPa on the leeward side. Second, before strong wind occurred, the inversion layer had descended to about 880~800 hPa. Third, with mountain wave breaking, downslope wind was intensified at the height of 2~3 km above sea level. After the downslope wind began to descend, the subsidence inversion layer developed. When the subsidence inversion layer got close to the ground, wind peak occurred. In general, UM (Unified Model) GDAPS (Global Data Assimilation Prediction System) have had negative bias in wind speed around peak area of Taebaek mountain range, and positive bias in that of East Sea coast area. The stronger wind blew, the larger the gap between observed and predicted wind speed by GDAPS became. GDAPS predicted strong p-velocity at 0600 LST 25 Apr 2020 (4^th case) and weak p-velocity at 2100 LST 01 Jun 2020 (6^th case) on the lee-side of Taebaek mountain range near Yangyang. As hydraulic jump theory was proved, which is known as a mechanism of downslope windstorm in Yeongdong region, it was confirmed that there is a relationship between p-velocity of lee-side and wind speed of eastern slope of Taebaek mountain range.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.2491-2509
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• 2022

As an important device in the nuclear island, the nuclear coolant pump can continuously provide power for medium circulation. The vane is one of the stationary parts in the nuclear coolant pump, which is installed between the impeller and the casing. The shape of the vane plays a significant role in the pump's overall performance and stability which are the important indicators during the safety serve process. Hence, the bionic concept is firstly applied into the design process of the vane to improve the performance of the nuclear coolant pump. Taking the scaled high-performance hydraulic model (on a scale of 1:2.5) of the coolant pump as the reference, a united bionic design approach is proposed for the unique structure of the guide vane of the nuclear coolant pump. Then, a new optimization design platform is established to output the optimal bionic vane. Finally, the comparative results and the corresponding mechanism are analyzed. The conclusions can be gotten as: (1) four parameters are introduced to configure the shape of the bionic blade, the significance of each parameter is herein demonstrated; (2) the optimal bionic vane is successfully obtained by the optimization design platform, the efficiency performance and the head performance of which can be improved by 1.6% and 1.27% respectively; (3) when compared to the original vane, the optimized bionic vane can improve the inner flow characteristics, namely, it can reduce the flow loss and decrease the pressure pulsation amplitude; (4) through the mechanism analysis, it can be found out that the bionic structure can induce the spanwise velocity and the vortices, which can reduce drag and suppress the boundary layer separation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2008

하천제방의 안정성 향상을 위해서는 양질의 성토재료 사용, 철저한 다짐관리, 적절한 수리구조물 및 차수벽 설치 등이 필요하다. 특히, 하천제방 축조를 위한 양질의 성토재료는 하천제방의 안정성에 있어서 가장 중요한 요소라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 하상토의 제방 성토재로서 적합성 평가를 위한 기초연구로서, 국내 하상토의 제체재료로서의 침투에 대한 안정성 평가를 위하여 하천설계기준(2005)의 제체 표준단면을 이용한 모형시험과수치해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 국내 발생 하상토의 경우 대부분이 모래(SP)로서 하천설계기준 제체재료의 투수계수 ($10^{-3}cm/sec$ 이하)를 만족시키지 못하였으며 양질토 혼합 및 함수비 조정 등과 같은 안정처리공법이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다.