• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2017

Background: Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node dissection, named ESN or endoscopic full-thickness gastric resection with laparoscopic sentinel lymph node dissection, named Hybrid-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) was suggested the possibility of minimally invasive treatment for patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) who were beyond the indication of ESD. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of ESN or Hybrid-NOTES. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients treated with these therapies from January 2009 to May 2013 in terms of short- and long-term outcomes. Each patient was diagnosed with EGC but was not included in ESD indications and had the high risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). Results: A total of 42 patients with EGC treated by ESN or Hybrid-NOTES. Of the 21 patients who underwent ESN, a total of 4 patients underwent additional gastrectomy, 1 with LNM, 1 with surgical complication, and 2 with noncurative resection. Of the 21 patients who underwent Hybrid-NOTES, a total of 5 patients underwent additional surgery, 1 with LNM, 2 with surgical complication, and 2 with noncurative resection. Overall survival was 100% over a mean follow-up of 75 months, but 3 patients underwent ESD or gastrectomy with metachronous lesion. And 1 patient who had received ESN was found to have a metastatic lymph node and undergo palliative chemotherapy. Conclusion: ESN or Hybrid-NOTES showed favorable short-and long-term outcomes. These methods may be utilized as a bridge between ESD and gastrectomy in the case of EGC which is more likely to have LNM beyond the ESD indications.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.278-278
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• 2009

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.497-505
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• 2011

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery is a newly emerging technique recently, with its many potential advantages in clinical practice. Cholecystectomy by Hybrid NOTES in this work, performed with single working channel endoscope in conjunction with a laparoscopic grasping forceps in dogs, is a "bridge" between laparoscopic procedure and pure NOTES. Three different approaches for cholecystectomy were carried out; transgastric, transcolonic and transvaginal. In all three approaches, abdominal opening was made by a 5 mm trocar, followed by making pneumoperitoneum of 4 mmHg with $CO_2$ insufflator. Transgastric cholecystectomy, single working channel endoscope was advanced to the peritoneal cavity through gastric incision in antral region made by endoscopic needle knife. Endoscope was retroflexed to visualize the gall bladder. Transcolonic access, incision for endoscopic entry was done at right ventral wall of descending colon, 15 cm inside from the anus. Incision in transvaginal access was made at right-ventral region, just caudal to the caudal tubercle. With the simple traction by the laparoscopic grasping forceps, good visualization of surgical field was obtained in all three groups. Cystic duct and artery were ligated with endoclips; for complete gall bladder dissection from liver, L-knife was used. Closure of incision sites were done in transgastric and transcolonic cholecystectomy by endoclips, not in transvaginal approach.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.165-165
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2008

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2005

This paper presents a new music identification method using probabilistic and dynamic characteristics of melody. The propo3ed method uses pitch and MFCC parameters as feature vectors for the characteristics of music notes and represents melody pattern by pitch histogram and temporal sequence of codeword indices. We also propose a new pattern matching method for the hybrid method. We have tested the proposed algorithm in small (drama OST) and broad (1.005 popular songs) search spaces. The experimental results on search areas of OST and 1,005 popular songs showed better performance of the proposed method over conventional methods. We achieved the performance improvement of average $9.9\%$ and $10.2\%$ in error reduction rate on each search area.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

Recently, digital door locks have been widely used as physical security devices for the door. Although they are convenient compared to the existing lock system, they have the problem of being opened by an electric shock. In this study, to improve safety, a method to hide the door-lock device inside and to display the door-lock on a user's smart-phone screen through the augmented reality is suggested. Furthermore, an additional function has been added which provides memo notes to facilitate communication among family members. The results of this study have been implemented by using motors to control locks, Wi-Fi shield, Arduino, and a virtually created door and showed desirable experimental results.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.215-237
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• 2020

This paper is written to introduce and review Shinji Matsunaga's The Aesthetics of Video Games which published in Japan in 2018. Shinji Matsunaga has studied video games from a philosophical and aesthetic perspective. In The Aesthetics of Video Games, he took video games as a hybrid form of traditional games. Shinji Matsunaga particularly notes that video games can design human behaviors and experiences. From this point of view, he tries to construct a theoretical framework that will be able to describe the ways of signification in games and fiction respectively. In previous studies, video games have been mainly discussed in the context of cultural studies and entertainment culture in Japan. The Aesthetics of Video Games is distinguished from the previous studies in the following points. First, The Aesthetics of Video Games pioneered the method of studying video games in art theory. Second, it established various types of relationships with video games and traditional aesthetic concepts. Third, this book connects new concepts that emerged in the age of artificial intelligence to video games as an aesthetic action. Through this work, not only video games were discussed academically, but also the fields of aesthetics and art were expanded. The Aesthetics of Video Game is like a collection of philosophical concepts for video games. Through this book, it can be said that the path for artificial intelligence to approach human secrets is closer than before.